Design And Deployment Of Wireless Multihop Network.
DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENT OF WIRELESS MULTIHOP NETWORK
MOHD ZUL AZRI BIN MOHD NIZAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENT OF WIRELESS MULTIHOP NETWORK
MOHD ZUL AZRI BIN MOHD NIZAM
This Report Is Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of Requirements For The Bachelor
Degree of Electronic Engineering (Wireless Communication) With Honours
Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
June 2012
ii
“I hereby declare that this report entitles Design and Deployment of Wireless Multihop
Network is result of my own work except as cited clearly in the references.”
Signature
: ...................................................
Student
: MOHD ZUL AZRI BIN MOHD NIZAM
Date
: 18 MAY 2012
iii
“I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient in
term of the scope and quality for the award of the Bachelor Degree of Electronic
Engineering (Wireless Communication) With Honours.”
Signature
:……………………………...
Supervisor Name
: Engr. Fakrulradzi Bin Idris
Date
:……………………………...
iv
Specially dedicated to
My beloved parents, brother and sister who have encouraged, guided and inspired me
throughout my journey of education
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Special thanks to Allah S.W.T the all mighty, which with His Blessing, I able to
successfully completed this project report. This report represents the collective efforts
of many people, all of whom have contributed in some way to make it as good as it can
be. I would like to take this opportunity to thanks my supervisor Engr. Fakrulradzi Bin
Idris who guides from the beginning of this project. He has helped me a lot and taught
me knowledge, contribute ideas for completing my project. His contributions and
sacrifices will always be remembered forever and ever. I also would like to thank to my
partner Mohamad Faris Bin Rahmat who helped me a lot throughout this project by
sharing his knowledge related to my project and also Dr. Lim Kim Chuan which able to
share knowledge based on his experience. To my parent Mohd Nizam Bin Zakaria and
Fatimah Binti Abdul Hamid a million thanks to them which support me throughout
completing my education. Finally, I would like to thank to all my friends of BENW and
also everybody who involve either direct or indirect in this project.
vi
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this project is to Design and Deployment of Wireless Multihop
Network (MWN). The basic wireless multihop network design is relay topology.
However, there is alternative way of wireless multihop network which is Mesh topology.
Based on 802.11 standard, the wireless multihop network consist of several access
points that acts a node and link to each other and make a complete wireless local area
network (WLAN). The problem that related to the Local Area Network (LAN) system
encourage the usage of wireless technology since there a lot of benefits in term of cost,
ease of installation and many more. The wireless technology offer more advantages over
LAN, however the degradation of network performance arise within the network
because of channel interference with other available access points. By testing with
different frequencies for each of the access points before conduct any deployment
activities in an area, the channel interference can be avoided and make a better
performance of wireless networking . Test bed is developed to evaluate the performance
of wireless multihop networks in real environment. By using suitable tool that related to
wireless analysis performance, the real capabilities of the network can be measured. The
project begins with designing the network, then deploys the access points at cafe of
UTeM industrial campus and then makes an analysis of it. Further process will be
discussing more in chapter III of this report. An analysis like ping test, data rate, jitter
and datagram loss of the networks and also performance of the network with different
frequencies were also considered in order to confirm the functionality and performance
of the wireless multihop network.
vii
ABSTRAK
Tujuan projek ini adalah untuk Mereka dan Memasang Rangkaian Wayarles Berangkai.
Topologi rangkaian yang digunakan ialah topology berangkai. Bagaimanapun, terdapat
alternatif selain dari topologi berangkai iaitu topologi Mesh. Berdasarkan 802.11
standard, rangkaian wayarles berangkai ini terdiri daripada beberapa pusat akses yang
bertindak sebagai nod dan menghubungkan satu sama lain untuk menjadikan ia sebagai
rangkaian tempatan wayarles (WLAN) . Masalah yang berkaitan dengan rangkaian
tempatan tanpa wayarles (LAN) menggalakkan lagi penggunaan teknologi wayarless
kerana mempunyai kelebihan dari segi kos, konfigurasi yang mudah dan banyak lagi.
Teknologi wayarles menawarkan lebih bygk kelebihan dari LAN, tetapi penurunan
prestasi rangkaian meningkat di dalam rangakaian disebabkan pertindihan frekuensi
dengan pusat akses yang lain. Ujian frekuensi berlainan yg digunakan di setiap access
points sebelum melakukan pemasangan telah dilakukan untuk mengelakkan gangguan
frekuensi dan menjadikan rangkaian wayarles lebih baik. Ujian telah dilakukan untuk
menganalisa prestasi wayarles supaya keupayaan rangkaian dapat di tentukan. Projek ini
dimulakan dengan mereka rangkaian kemudian memasang pusat akses di kafe UTeM
kampus industri dan kemudiannya menganalisa. Maklumat proses lanjutan akan diterang
sepenuh di bab III laporan ini. Analisis seperti ujian ping, kadar penghataran data, ketar
dan paket hilang di dalam rangkaian dan juga prestasi rangkaian dengan frekuensi yang
berlainan juga dipertimbangkan untuk memastikan bahawa rangkaian tersebut berfungsi
and prestasi rangkaian dapat dikenalpasti.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I
CONTENT
PAGE
PROJECT TITLE
i
CONFESSION
ii
DEDICATION
iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
v
ABSTRACT
vi
ABSTRAK
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
viii
LIST OF TABLES
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
xiv
INTRODUCTION
1.1
INTRODUCTION TO WLAN
1
1.2
OBJECTIVES
4
1.3
PROBLEMS STATEMENT
4
1.4
SCOPE OF PROJECT
5
1.5
SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY
6
1.6
REPORT OUTLINE
8
ix
II
III
BACKGROUND RESEARCH
2.1
INTRODUCTION TO BACKGROUND RESEARCH
9
2.2
LITERATURE REVIEW
9
2.3
HARDWARE
11
2.3.1
Hardware Descriptions
12
2.3.2
Features
13
2.4
RESEARCH ON WMN
14
2.5
WMN ADVANTAGES
16
2.6
OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION MODEL
17
2.7
TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL
22
2.8
USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL
22
2.9
TEST BED SETUP
23
METHODOLOGY
3.1
INTRODUCTION TO METHODOLOGY
26
3.2
FLOW CHART
27
3.3
PART ONE OF THE PROJECT
28
3.3.1
Design the WMN
28
3.3.2
Deploying Access Points
30
3.3.3
Establishing Connection and Configuring
3.3.4
3.4
Internet Access
33
Site Survey Around Testbed Area
37
PART TWO OF THE PROJECT
39
3.4.1
39
Throughput, Jitter and Datagram Loss Test
x
IV
V
RESULT
4.1
INTRODUCTION TO RESULT AND ANALYSIS
42
4.2
SITE SURVEY
42
4.3
INSPECTION OF WIFI AND SURROUND NETWORK 44
4.4
MWN PING TEST
45
4.5
THROUGHPUT TEST
47
4.6
MAXIMUM THROUGHPUT TEST
49
4.7
RANGE THROUGHPUT TEST
50
4.8
DYNAMIC CHANNEL THROUGHPUT
51
4.8.1
Access Point Channel (1,6,11)
51
4.8.2
Access Point Channel (2,5,10)
53
4.8.3
Access Point with Adjacent Channel (7,8,9)
55
4.8.4
Jitter and Datagram Loss for Dynamic Channel
56
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1
INTRODUCTION TO CONCLUSION & SUGGESTION 59
5.2
SUGGESTION
59
5.3
CONCLUSION
60
REFERENCES
61
APPENDIX A
63
APPENDIX B
65
APPENDIX C
68
xi
LIST OF TABLES
NO
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Hardware description
12
2.2
Description of OSI layer
18
2.3
Devices and protocols for each layer
19
3.1
Label and ESSID
29
3.2
Parameter of FIFI2 and FIFI1
34
3.3
Parameter after make connection
35
3.4
New parameter after configuring internet
36
4.1
Result from inSSider for each access point
44
4.2
Ping test from FIFI2 at point A
45
4.3
Ping test from FIFI1 at point B
46
4.4
Ping test from MARGEN at point C
46
4.5
Ping test from client to client
46
4.6
Channel for each access point
51
4.7
Ping test for channel (1,6,11)
51
4.8
Channel for each access point
53
4.9
Ping test for channel (2,5,10)
53
4.10
Channel for each access point
55
4.11
Ping test for channel (7,8,9)
55
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
NO
TITLE
PAGE
1.1
Wireless relay network topology
2
1.2
Wireless mesh network topology
3
2.1
WiWi MIMOS access point
12
2.2
Example of WMN based IEEE 802.11
15
2.3
Layers of OSI model
17
2.4
Example of data flow in OSI layer
21
2.5
Basic wireless multihop network
24
2.6
Test bed of basic wireless multihop network
25
3.1
Snapshot of tests bed area
28
3.2
Location of access points
29
3.3
Location of first deployed access point (FIFI2)
30
3.4
Location of second deployed access point (FIFI1)
31
3.5
Location of third deployed access point (MARGEN)
31
3.6
Deployed access point location for MARGEN and FIFI1
32
3.7
Deployed access point location for FIFI2
32
3.8
Draft of connection between access point MWN
33
3.9
Default bridge before configure
34
3.10
Connection from ath0 of FIFI1 to ath1 of FIFI2
35
3.11
After configuring bridge br0 of FIFI2
36
3.12
inSSider point test location
37
3.13
Ekahau walking route
38
xiii
3.14
Throughput, jitter and datagram loss test bed
39
3.15
Snapshot of stationary server connect to AP1 of FIFI2
40
3.16
Client at AP1 of FIFI2
40
3.17
Client at AP2 of FIFI1
41
3.18
Client at AP3 of MARGEN
41
4.1
Overall result from Ekahau software
43
4.2
Available access point overlapping channel
48
4.3
Maximum throughput
49
4.4
Range throughput
50
4.5
Throughput result for channel (1,6,11)
52
4.6
Throughput result for channel (2.5,10)
54
4.7
Throughput result for channel (7,8,9)
56
4.8
Jitter value
57
4.9
Datagram loss
58
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
WLAN
-
Wireless Local Area Network
LAN
-
Local Area Network
WMN
-
Wireless Mesh Network
MWN
-
Wireless Multihop Network
IEEE
-
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
AP
-
Access point
APs
-
Access points
OSI
-
Open System Interconnection
ESSID
-
Extended Service Set Identification
RSSI
-
Received Signal Strength Indication
Ch
-
Channel
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction to Wireless Local Area Network
Over the past few years, the world has become increasingly mobile. As a result,
traditional ways of networking the world is not enough to meet the challenges
nowadays. If users need to connect to a network by using traditional ways by using
physical cables, their movement is dramatically reduced. Wireless connectivity poses no
such restriction and allow a great deal for more free movement. Thus, wireless
technology goes beyond traditional network in term of fixed or wired networks [1].
Wireless local area network (WLAN) can be described as wireless communication that
occurs only on the last link between base station and wireless end system. In multihop
wireless networks, there are one or more intermediate nodes along the path that receive
and forward packets via wireless links. There are several benefits of multihop wireless
networks (MWN) compared to networks with single wireless links [2]. The most
important benefits are MWN can extend the coverage of a network and improve
connectivity. Moreover, transmission over multiple short links might require less
transmission power and energy than that required over long links. This will bring result
for higher data rates and at the same time higher throughput and more efficient use of
the wireless medium. Other than that, in term of cost, MWN networks avoid wide
2
deployment of cables and can be deployed in a cost efficient way. Besides that, there
will always several path available to increasing the robustness of the network. Currently,
there are two types of network topology that can be implemented in a multihop wireless
network. The type of topology introduced may have different characteristics in term of
architecture, performance and several technical issues. The two types of network
topology are multihop relay network and mesh network.
Multihop relay network can be described as chain connection that start from
source of the router that connect to network backbone then make a wireless multihop
connection to another access point and then the first connected access point connected to
other access point and so on. Usually, relay concept applied to cellular network and
wireless access. The obstacles problems can be overcome by applying relay network and
it also help improve the capacity by decreasing the distance. However, there will
increasing delays if there are too much numbers of hops between access points. Other
problems that can be relate is when one of the access points malfunction, all the entire
network will suffering major breakdown which means there are no connection to
internet gateway but client still can connect to available access points. Multihop relay
network can be illustrated as Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1: Wireless Relay Network Topology
3
The other network topology is multihop mesh network. Wireless Mesh Network
(WMN) are composed of wireless access point that facilitates the connectivity and
intercommunication of wireless clients through multi hop wireless paths. WMN can
connect to the internet via gateway routers. The access points were considered as the
nodes of mesh network and its may connected in a hierarchical fashion. WMN was
totally different from Mesh Ad-Hoc Network or known as MANET. Unlike MANET,
end host and routing node are different. The access points are usually fixed. The
advantage of WMN can be described as low up-front cost, easy network maintenance,
robustness, reliable service coverage and so on. Currently WMN undergoing rapid
commercialize that can be implemented as applications in community networks,
enterprise networks, home networks, LAN for Hotels, Malls, Trains and high speed
broadband in Metropolitan area network. In this project, mesh topology only referring as
case of analysis since there are lots of research about it, only MWN topology will be
implemented. The illustration of WMN can be seen from Figure 1.2.
Figure 1.2: Wireless Mesh Network Topology
4
1.2
Objectives
i.
To design basic outdoor wireless multihop network based on 802.11
(relay topology).
ii.
To analyze the performance of multi hop network in term of number of
clients or hop, channels interference and data rate or throughput.
iii.
1.3
Investigates and study effect of different frequencies in MWN
Problems statement
Local area network (LAN) in general was used to connect local area in small
building, office environment, indoor area in house and others certain area that require
connection. The combination of wireless technology with LAN will ease the job making
local area connection. This combination was known as WLAN. As we all already know,
LAN requires lots of cables to make connection between computer to switches or hub
and so on. However, WLAN require less cable than LAN and have lots of advantages
over LAN. The problems that occurs in local area network can be listed as below :
i.
If sever develops a fault then user may not be able to run the application
programs.
ii.
A user can lose their data if there a fault in the network.
iii.
When there suddenly the network stop operating, it may not access to
various of computer.
iv.
Hacker may penetrate into the system and security leakage might occur.
v.
The network will be less efficient in long term.
vi.
If there are lots of users connect to the network, it may degrade the
network performance.
vii.
It is difficult to manage larger network since it is hard to do maintenance
and require lots of cost.
5
The problems statement also can be relate to available wireless network, since this
project focus on implementation on wireless multihop network at outside area. The
cafeteria of UTeM industrial campus has been chosen to implement this wireless
multihop network since there are several problems that can be recognized such as the
available router was not provide large coverage to the user including users outside
cafeteria. Other than that, when there are too many client connect to one router, the
performance of the network can degrade. Other problems that can be recognized is the
current installed access point is fix channel, so the interference of channel with other
router or access point can reduce the network performance. That why, there will be
implementation of dynamic channel to the wireless multihop network.
1.4
Scope of Project
The scope of this project is divided into two part. The first part is about literature
review about the access points provided by MIMOS model WiWi. This access point is a
hybrid WiMAX and Wi-Fi radio system platform intended to provide users with reliable
high speed data, video and voice services for improved performance of wireless data
applications, enhanced multimedia content delivery, VoIP application and improved user
quality of service. 802.11 b/g standard was utilized in the platform of WiWi access
point. The radio supports 2.3 GHz range for WiMAX as regulated by Malaysian
regulator together with 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi access.
The designing of wireless multi hop network need to consider first depending on
location for installation of access points. The location of each access points is depends
on ease of installation and nearest power supply to provide power to access point so that
it can operate all time and clients can connect to it all time. After all information
gathered, the deployment of wireless multi hop network can begin.
After deploy all the access points, the configuration of output power and channel
can be done by using open source software such as Terminal in Linux operating system.
6
The open source software also can be use to establish the connection and make multihop
between deployed access points. This can be done by using Terminal provided by Linux
operating system.
The deployment of access points according to design of relay network. This is
basic wireless multihop network. The deployed of 3 access points with one of its connect
to network backbone so that the internet can applied to the network. Then, the
connectivity is tested by make ping test from router to router and from client to client.
After all tested has been done and satisfied, the performance of wireless multihop
network then will be analyzed by using software such as inSSider, Ekahau, Air magnet
and IPerf. The channel of each access points that are available around the area is analyze
by using inSSider software. Meanwhile, by using Ekahau and Air Magnet software, the
new deployed access point coverage can be observed. As an additional analysis about
the wireless multihop network, the IPerf source code is used to measure the data rate and
bandwidth of the network. All the analysis is important as it will be the initial step of
improvement the performance of the network.
1.5
Summary of Methodology
First of all, the hardware provided that is WiWi MiMOS access point need to be
study and research first by reading the technical manual provided. From this manual, the
overall information about the hardware can be learn more and troubleshooting the access
point if there is problem while handling it. After done researching and studying the
hardware, the next step is literature review that related to this project. The literature
review includes the study of MWN test bed and channel allocation in wireless multihop
network. Based on literature review, the suitable software that need to use while
designing the wireless multihop network can obtained. The literature review also give
knowledge about the whole operation of wireless networking and how to analyze also
test the network. After that, there will be deploying of access points and analyzing the
7
performance of the network and implementing dynamic channel. Below is the flowchart
for overall process of this design and deployment of wireless multihop network :
START
Study of hardware WiWi MIMOS access point
Literature review
Deploying access point of basic
multi hop network
NO
Troubleshoot
YES
NO
Testing
connection
YES
Site Survey (channel, Available AP or router around testbed area)
Analyze the MWN (Throughput, Jitter, Datagram Loss)
Implement different frequencies in network
Analyze performance of network with different frequencies
END
8
1.6
Report Outline
In this report, there are 5 chapters. Each of the chapter represents various
information regarding on this project. Below is the outline of Design and Deployment of
Wireless Multihop Network :
Chapter I : This chapter discuss about the overview of project such as
background of the project, objective, scope of the project, problem statement and
methodology.
Chapter II : This chapter discuss about all the information from the project. Its
more concentrate about literature review of hardware, software, operation and method of
analysis.
Chapter III : This chapter discuss about the methodology of the project. The
deployment and test bed of access point with explanation of it.
Chapter IV : This chapter discuss about the result for overall of the project. The
result based on software used while conducting test to the network. It also includes
analysis of the network.
Chapter V : This chapter include conclusion and suggestion for the project.
MOHD ZUL AZRI BIN MOHD NIZAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENT OF WIRELESS MULTIHOP NETWORK
MOHD ZUL AZRI BIN MOHD NIZAM
This Report Is Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of Requirements For The Bachelor
Degree of Electronic Engineering (Wireless Communication) With Honours
Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
June 2012
ii
“I hereby declare that this report entitles Design and Deployment of Wireless Multihop
Network is result of my own work except as cited clearly in the references.”
Signature
: ...................................................
Student
: MOHD ZUL AZRI BIN MOHD NIZAM
Date
: 18 MAY 2012
iii
“I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient in
term of the scope and quality for the award of the Bachelor Degree of Electronic
Engineering (Wireless Communication) With Honours.”
Signature
:……………………………...
Supervisor Name
: Engr. Fakrulradzi Bin Idris
Date
:……………………………...
iv
Specially dedicated to
My beloved parents, brother and sister who have encouraged, guided and inspired me
throughout my journey of education
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Special thanks to Allah S.W.T the all mighty, which with His Blessing, I able to
successfully completed this project report. This report represents the collective efforts
of many people, all of whom have contributed in some way to make it as good as it can
be. I would like to take this opportunity to thanks my supervisor Engr. Fakrulradzi Bin
Idris who guides from the beginning of this project. He has helped me a lot and taught
me knowledge, contribute ideas for completing my project. His contributions and
sacrifices will always be remembered forever and ever. I also would like to thank to my
partner Mohamad Faris Bin Rahmat who helped me a lot throughout this project by
sharing his knowledge related to my project and also Dr. Lim Kim Chuan which able to
share knowledge based on his experience. To my parent Mohd Nizam Bin Zakaria and
Fatimah Binti Abdul Hamid a million thanks to them which support me throughout
completing my education. Finally, I would like to thank to all my friends of BENW and
also everybody who involve either direct or indirect in this project.
vi
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this project is to Design and Deployment of Wireless Multihop
Network (MWN). The basic wireless multihop network design is relay topology.
However, there is alternative way of wireless multihop network which is Mesh topology.
Based on 802.11 standard, the wireless multihop network consist of several access
points that acts a node and link to each other and make a complete wireless local area
network (WLAN). The problem that related to the Local Area Network (LAN) system
encourage the usage of wireless technology since there a lot of benefits in term of cost,
ease of installation and many more. The wireless technology offer more advantages over
LAN, however the degradation of network performance arise within the network
because of channel interference with other available access points. By testing with
different frequencies for each of the access points before conduct any deployment
activities in an area, the channel interference can be avoided and make a better
performance of wireless networking . Test bed is developed to evaluate the performance
of wireless multihop networks in real environment. By using suitable tool that related to
wireless analysis performance, the real capabilities of the network can be measured. The
project begins with designing the network, then deploys the access points at cafe of
UTeM industrial campus and then makes an analysis of it. Further process will be
discussing more in chapter III of this report. An analysis like ping test, data rate, jitter
and datagram loss of the networks and also performance of the network with different
frequencies were also considered in order to confirm the functionality and performance
of the wireless multihop network.
vii
ABSTRAK
Tujuan projek ini adalah untuk Mereka dan Memasang Rangkaian Wayarles Berangkai.
Topologi rangkaian yang digunakan ialah topology berangkai. Bagaimanapun, terdapat
alternatif selain dari topologi berangkai iaitu topologi Mesh. Berdasarkan 802.11
standard, rangkaian wayarles berangkai ini terdiri daripada beberapa pusat akses yang
bertindak sebagai nod dan menghubungkan satu sama lain untuk menjadikan ia sebagai
rangkaian tempatan wayarles (WLAN) . Masalah yang berkaitan dengan rangkaian
tempatan tanpa wayarles (LAN) menggalakkan lagi penggunaan teknologi wayarless
kerana mempunyai kelebihan dari segi kos, konfigurasi yang mudah dan banyak lagi.
Teknologi wayarles menawarkan lebih bygk kelebihan dari LAN, tetapi penurunan
prestasi rangkaian meningkat di dalam rangakaian disebabkan pertindihan frekuensi
dengan pusat akses yang lain. Ujian frekuensi berlainan yg digunakan di setiap access
points sebelum melakukan pemasangan telah dilakukan untuk mengelakkan gangguan
frekuensi dan menjadikan rangkaian wayarles lebih baik. Ujian telah dilakukan untuk
menganalisa prestasi wayarles supaya keupayaan rangkaian dapat di tentukan. Projek ini
dimulakan dengan mereka rangkaian kemudian memasang pusat akses di kafe UTeM
kampus industri dan kemudiannya menganalisa. Maklumat proses lanjutan akan diterang
sepenuh di bab III laporan ini. Analisis seperti ujian ping, kadar penghataran data, ketar
dan paket hilang di dalam rangkaian dan juga prestasi rangkaian dengan frekuensi yang
berlainan juga dipertimbangkan untuk memastikan bahawa rangkaian tersebut berfungsi
and prestasi rangkaian dapat dikenalpasti.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I
CONTENT
PAGE
PROJECT TITLE
i
CONFESSION
ii
DEDICATION
iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
v
ABSTRACT
vi
ABSTRAK
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
viii
LIST OF TABLES
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
xiv
INTRODUCTION
1.1
INTRODUCTION TO WLAN
1
1.2
OBJECTIVES
4
1.3
PROBLEMS STATEMENT
4
1.4
SCOPE OF PROJECT
5
1.5
SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY
6
1.6
REPORT OUTLINE
8
ix
II
III
BACKGROUND RESEARCH
2.1
INTRODUCTION TO BACKGROUND RESEARCH
9
2.2
LITERATURE REVIEW
9
2.3
HARDWARE
11
2.3.1
Hardware Descriptions
12
2.3.2
Features
13
2.4
RESEARCH ON WMN
14
2.5
WMN ADVANTAGES
16
2.6
OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION MODEL
17
2.7
TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL
22
2.8
USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL
22
2.9
TEST BED SETUP
23
METHODOLOGY
3.1
INTRODUCTION TO METHODOLOGY
26
3.2
FLOW CHART
27
3.3
PART ONE OF THE PROJECT
28
3.3.1
Design the WMN
28
3.3.2
Deploying Access Points
30
3.3.3
Establishing Connection and Configuring
3.3.4
3.4
Internet Access
33
Site Survey Around Testbed Area
37
PART TWO OF THE PROJECT
39
3.4.1
39
Throughput, Jitter and Datagram Loss Test
x
IV
V
RESULT
4.1
INTRODUCTION TO RESULT AND ANALYSIS
42
4.2
SITE SURVEY
42
4.3
INSPECTION OF WIFI AND SURROUND NETWORK 44
4.4
MWN PING TEST
45
4.5
THROUGHPUT TEST
47
4.6
MAXIMUM THROUGHPUT TEST
49
4.7
RANGE THROUGHPUT TEST
50
4.8
DYNAMIC CHANNEL THROUGHPUT
51
4.8.1
Access Point Channel (1,6,11)
51
4.8.2
Access Point Channel (2,5,10)
53
4.8.3
Access Point with Adjacent Channel (7,8,9)
55
4.8.4
Jitter and Datagram Loss for Dynamic Channel
56
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1
INTRODUCTION TO CONCLUSION & SUGGESTION 59
5.2
SUGGESTION
59
5.3
CONCLUSION
60
REFERENCES
61
APPENDIX A
63
APPENDIX B
65
APPENDIX C
68
xi
LIST OF TABLES
NO
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Hardware description
12
2.2
Description of OSI layer
18
2.3
Devices and protocols for each layer
19
3.1
Label and ESSID
29
3.2
Parameter of FIFI2 and FIFI1
34
3.3
Parameter after make connection
35
3.4
New parameter after configuring internet
36
4.1
Result from inSSider for each access point
44
4.2
Ping test from FIFI2 at point A
45
4.3
Ping test from FIFI1 at point B
46
4.4
Ping test from MARGEN at point C
46
4.5
Ping test from client to client
46
4.6
Channel for each access point
51
4.7
Ping test for channel (1,6,11)
51
4.8
Channel for each access point
53
4.9
Ping test for channel (2,5,10)
53
4.10
Channel for each access point
55
4.11
Ping test for channel (7,8,9)
55
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
NO
TITLE
PAGE
1.1
Wireless relay network topology
2
1.2
Wireless mesh network topology
3
2.1
WiWi MIMOS access point
12
2.2
Example of WMN based IEEE 802.11
15
2.3
Layers of OSI model
17
2.4
Example of data flow in OSI layer
21
2.5
Basic wireless multihop network
24
2.6
Test bed of basic wireless multihop network
25
3.1
Snapshot of tests bed area
28
3.2
Location of access points
29
3.3
Location of first deployed access point (FIFI2)
30
3.4
Location of second deployed access point (FIFI1)
31
3.5
Location of third deployed access point (MARGEN)
31
3.6
Deployed access point location for MARGEN and FIFI1
32
3.7
Deployed access point location for FIFI2
32
3.8
Draft of connection between access point MWN
33
3.9
Default bridge before configure
34
3.10
Connection from ath0 of FIFI1 to ath1 of FIFI2
35
3.11
After configuring bridge br0 of FIFI2
36
3.12
inSSider point test location
37
3.13
Ekahau walking route
38
xiii
3.14
Throughput, jitter and datagram loss test bed
39
3.15
Snapshot of stationary server connect to AP1 of FIFI2
40
3.16
Client at AP1 of FIFI2
40
3.17
Client at AP2 of FIFI1
41
3.18
Client at AP3 of MARGEN
41
4.1
Overall result from Ekahau software
43
4.2
Available access point overlapping channel
48
4.3
Maximum throughput
49
4.4
Range throughput
50
4.5
Throughput result for channel (1,6,11)
52
4.6
Throughput result for channel (2.5,10)
54
4.7
Throughput result for channel (7,8,9)
56
4.8
Jitter value
57
4.9
Datagram loss
58
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
WLAN
-
Wireless Local Area Network
LAN
-
Local Area Network
WMN
-
Wireless Mesh Network
MWN
-
Wireless Multihop Network
IEEE
-
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
AP
-
Access point
APs
-
Access points
OSI
-
Open System Interconnection
ESSID
-
Extended Service Set Identification
RSSI
-
Received Signal Strength Indication
Ch
-
Channel
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction to Wireless Local Area Network
Over the past few years, the world has become increasingly mobile. As a result,
traditional ways of networking the world is not enough to meet the challenges
nowadays. If users need to connect to a network by using traditional ways by using
physical cables, their movement is dramatically reduced. Wireless connectivity poses no
such restriction and allow a great deal for more free movement. Thus, wireless
technology goes beyond traditional network in term of fixed or wired networks [1].
Wireless local area network (WLAN) can be described as wireless communication that
occurs only on the last link between base station and wireless end system. In multihop
wireless networks, there are one or more intermediate nodes along the path that receive
and forward packets via wireless links. There are several benefits of multihop wireless
networks (MWN) compared to networks with single wireless links [2]. The most
important benefits are MWN can extend the coverage of a network and improve
connectivity. Moreover, transmission over multiple short links might require less
transmission power and energy than that required over long links. This will bring result
for higher data rates and at the same time higher throughput and more efficient use of
the wireless medium. Other than that, in term of cost, MWN networks avoid wide
2
deployment of cables and can be deployed in a cost efficient way. Besides that, there
will always several path available to increasing the robustness of the network. Currently,
there are two types of network topology that can be implemented in a multihop wireless
network. The type of topology introduced may have different characteristics in term of
architecture, performance and several technical issues. The two types of network
topology are multihop relay network and mesh network.
Multihop relay network can be described as chain connection that start from
source of the router that connect to network backbone then make a wireless multihop
connection to another access point and then the first connected access point connected to
other access point and so on. Usually, relay concept applied to cellular network and
wireless access. The obstacles problems can be overcome by applying relay network and
it also help improve the capacity by decreasing the distance. However, there will
increasing delays if there are too much numbers of hops between access points. Other
problems that can be relate is when one of the access points malfunction, all the entire
network will suffering major breakdown which means there are no connection to
internet gateway but client still can connect to available access points. Multihop relay
network can be illustrated as Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1: Wireless Relay Network Topology
3
The other network topology is multihop mesh network. Wireless Mesh Network
(WMN) are composed of wireless access point that facilitates the connectivity and
intercommunication of wireless clients through multi hop wireless paths. WMN can
connect to the internet via gateway routers. The access points were considered as the
nodes of mesh network and its may connected in a hierarchical fashion. WMN was
totally different from Mesh Ad-Hoc Network or known as MANET. Unlike MANET,
end host and routing node are different. The access points are usually fixed. The
advantage of WMN can be described as low up-front cost, easy network maintenance,
robustness, reliable service coverage and so on. Currently WMN undergoing rapid
commercialize that can be implemented as applications in community networks,
enterprise networks, home networks, LAN for Hotels, Malls, Trains and high speed
broadband in Metropolitan area network. In this project, mesh topology only referring as
case of analysis since there are lots of research about it, only MWN topology will be
implemented. The illustration of WMN can be seen from Figure 1.2.
Figure 1.2: Wireless Mesh Network Topology
4
1.2
Objectives
i.
To design basic outdoor wireless multihop network based on 802.11
(relay topology).
ii.
To analyze the performance of multi hop network in term of number of
clients or hop, channels interference and data rate or throughput.
iii.
1.3
Investigates and study effect of different frequencies in MWN
Problems statement
Local area network (LAN) in general was used to connect local area in small
building, office environment, indoor area in house and others certain area that require
connection. The combination of wireless technology with LAN will ease the job making
local area connection. This combination was known as WLAN. As we all already know,
LAN requires lots of cables to make connection between computer to switches or hub
and so on. However, WLAN require less cable than LAN and have lots of advantages
over LAN. The problems that occurs in local area network can be listed as below :
i.
If sever develops a fault then user may not be able to run the application
programs.
ii.
A user can lose their data if there a fault in the network.
iii.
When there suddenly the network stop operating, it may not access to
various of computer.
iv.
Hacker may penetrate into the system and security leakage might occur.
v.
The network will be less efficient in long term.
vi.
If there are lots of users connect to the network, it may degrade the
network performance.
vii.
It is difficult to manage larger network since it is hard to do maintenance
and require lots of cost.
5
The problems statement also can be relate to available wireless network, since this
project focus on implementation on wireless multihop network at outside area. The
cafeteria of UTeM industrial campus has been chosen to implement this wireless
multihop network since there are several problems that can be recognized such as the
available router was not provide large coverage to the user including users outside
cafeteria. Other than that, when there are too many client connect to one router, the
performance of the network can degrade. Other problems that can be recognized is the
current installed access point is fix channel, so the interference of channel with other
router or access point can reduce the network performance. That why, there will be
implementation of dynamic channel to the wireless multihop network.
1.4
Scope of Project
The scope of this project is divided into two part. The first part is about literature
review about the access points provided by MIMOS model WiWi. This access point is a
hybrid WiMAX and Wi-Fi radio system platform intended to provide users with reliable
high speed data, video and voice services for improved performance of wireless data
applications, enhanced multimedia content delivery, VoIP application and improved user
quality of service. 802.11 b/g standard was utilized in the platform of WiWi access
point. The radio supports 2.3 GHz range for WiMAX as regulated by Malaysian
regulator together with 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi access.
The designing of wireless multi hop network need to consider first depending on
location for installation of access points. The location of each access points is depends
on ease of installation and nearest power supply to provide power to access point so that
it can operate all time and clients can connect to it all time. After all information
gathered, the deployment of wireless multi hop network can begin.
After deploy all the access points, the configuration of output power and channel
can be done by using open source software such as Terminal in Linux operating system.
6
The open source software also can be use to establish the connection and make multihop
between deployed access points. This can be done by using Terminal provided by Linux
operating system.
The deployment of access points according to design of relay network. This is
basic wireless multihop network. The deployed of 3 access points with one of its connect
to network backbone so that the internet can applied to the network. Then, the
connectivity is tested by make ping test from router to router and from client to client.
After all tested has been done and satisfied, the performance of wireless multihop
network then will be analyzed by using software such as inSSider, Ekahau, Air magnet
and IPerf. The channel of each access points that are available around the area is analyze
by using inSSider software. Meanwhile, by using Ekahau and Air Magnet software, the
new deployed access point coverage can be observed. As an additional analysis about
the wireless multihop network, the IPerf source code is used to measure the data rate and
bandwidth of the network. All the analysis is important as it will be the initial step of
improvement the performance of the network.
1.5
Summary of Methodology
First of all, the hardware provided that is WiWi MiMOS access point need to be
study and research first by reading the technical manual provided. From this manual, the
overall information about the hardware can be learn more and troubleshooting the access
point if there is problem while handling it. After done researching and studying the
hardware, the next step is literature review that related to this project. The literature
review includes the study of MWN test bed and channel allocation in wireless multihop
network. Based on literature review, the suitable software that need to use while
designing the wireless multihop network can obtained. The literature review also give
knowledge about the whole operation of wireless networking and how to analyze also
test the network. After that, there will be deploying of access points and analyzing the
7
performance of the network and implementing dynamic channel. Below is the flowchart
for overall process of this design and deployment of wireless multihop network :
START
Study of hardware WiWi MIMOS access point
Literature review
Deploying access point of basic
multi hop network
NO
Troubleshoot
YES
NO
Testing
connection
YES
Site Survey (channel, Available AP or router around testbed area)
Analyze the MWN (Throughput, Jitter, Datagram Loss)
Implement different frequencies in network
Analyze performance of network with different frequencies
END
8
1.6
Report Outline
In this report, there are 5 chapters. Each of the chapter represents various
information regarding on this project. Below is the outline of Design and Deployment of
Wireless Multihop Network :
Chapter I : This chapter discuss about the overview of project such as
background of the project, objective, scope of the project, problem statement and
methodology.
Chapter II : This chapter discuss about all the information from the project. Its
more concentrate about literature review of hardware, software, operation and method of
analysis.
Chapter III : This chapter discuss about the methodology of the project. The
deployment and test bed of access point with explanation of it.
Chapter IV : This chapter discuss about the result for overall of the project. The
result based on software used while conducting test to the network. It also includes
analysis of the network.
Chapter V : This chapter include conclusion and suggestion for the project.