Network Performance Of Outdoor Test-Bed Deployment For Wireless Mesh Network Using Linksys Router (610N).

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NETWORK PERFORMANCE OF OUTDOOR TEST-BED

DEPLOYMENT FOR WIRELESS MESH NETWORK USING LINKSYS ROUTER (610N)

MUHAMMAD HAFIF BIN RADZALI

This Report Is Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For The Award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Computer Engineering) with Honours

Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)

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UNIVERSTI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK DAN KEJURUTERAAN KOMPUTER

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN

PROJEK SARJANA MUDA II

TajukProjek :

NETWORK PERFORMANCE OF OUTDOOR TEST-BED DEPLOYMENT FOR MESH WIRELESS ROUTER USING LINKSYS ROUTER (610N)

SesiPengajian : SESI 2010/2011

Saya ……….. (HURUF BESAR)

MengakumembenarkanLaporanProjekSarjanaMudainidisimpan di Perpustakaandengansyarat-syaratkegunaansepertiberikut:

1. LaporanadalahhakmilikUniversitiTeknikal Malaysia Melaka.

2. Perpustakaandibenarkanmembuatsalinanuntuktujuanpengajiansahaja.

3. Perpustakaandibenarkanmembuatsalinanlaporaninisebagaibahanpertukaranantarainstitus ipengajiantinggi.

4. Silatandakan ( √ ) :

SULIT*

*(Mengandungimaklumat yang

berdarjahkeselamatanataukepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktubdi dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)

TERHAD**

**(Mengandungimaklumatterhad yang telahditentukanolehorganisasi/badan di manapenyelidikandijalankan)

TIDAK TERHAD

TandatanganPenulis: Disahkanoleh:

__________________________________ ___________________________________

AlamatTetap : NO. 7 JALAN CEMARA SD3/3A, BANDAR SRI DAMANSARA, KEPONG 52200,

KUALA LUMPUR.

(COP DAN TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)

Tarikh: 5 May 2011 Tarikh: 5 May 2011

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iii

―I hereby declare that this report is the result of my own work except for quotes as cited in the references.‖

Signature : ………

Author : Muhammad Hafif Bin Radzali

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―I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient in terms of the scope and quality for the award of Bachelor Degree of Electronic Engineering (Computer Engineering)

with Honours.‖

Signature : ………

Supervisor Name : Siti Aisah Bte Mat Junos @ Yunus

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This project and research work is dedicated to my beloved parents for their enthusiastic caring throughout my life, my loving sisters also my

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to express my sincere thanks and indebted to Cik Siti Aisah Bte Mat Junos @ Yunus as my supervisor, thank you very much for accept me as one of your PSM student and the collaborative leadership that you show will always I remembered. I also would like to thank to my PSM1 panel En. Fakhrulrazi and PnJuwita who gave me an idea on my project.

I would like to express my special thanks and a very down to earth and full with sense of humor-great experience to the Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Computer Engineering (FKEKK) on putting into practice the Final Year Project as acompulsory chore for the final year students prior to complete their course.

Indirectly, this pertain prepare the students technically to facilitate the world of electronics all over their working verve. Not forgetting University Technical Malaysia Melaka for their contribution on the facilities and also equipments as well as creating a platform to the final year student to achieve and carry out their projects in durable manner.

I also wish to extend heartfelt thanks to my friends Muhamad Hafiz, Mushidi Rashid, Sabta Ali Hasni, and my entire classmate for your help and support during these three years in University Technical Malaysia Melaka. The memory we spent together will not I forget.

Finally, I wish to thank to my lovely parents and my siblings, I love you so much and also to my lectures and friends for their encouragement, strength and support.

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vii

ABSTRACT

A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a communications network made up of radio nodes in a mesh topology. Mesh Software Stack is software that designed to setup a mesh network by using wireless routers. The objectives of this project are to deploy the outdoor Wireless Mesh Network test-bed using Linksys Router (610N) and to evaluate the performance of Wireless Mesh Network.This project need to setup the test-bed with 3 flashed 2.4 GHz wireless Linksys 610n routers with different location. The location of Router A at FKEKK building, Router B at FKEKK shed and Router C at student’s café between FKEKK and FKE faculty. Every router need to be measure using 1 wired LAN server connected to wireless router and 1 wireless client has 10 points in range about 1 to 10 meter of distance from router. At every point the throughput need to be measured by using the IxChariot software and the RSSI by using WirelessMon software. The measurement purpose for evaluate the performance of Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) using Linksys router. The performance must consider the location of the wireless routers. Location of every wireless router must be stable and less interferences before the measurement can be run. Location in this project is the best of stability connection of routers and less interference. After done this project finding of the performance of the Wireless Mesh Network using Linksys Router WRT610N can be drop and weak because of the interferences in the outdoor test bed area.

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viii

ABSTRAK

Rangkaian Mesh Wayarles adalah sebuah rangkaian komunikasi yang terdiri dari titik radio di dalam topologi mesh. Mesh Software Stackadalah software yang direka untuk menghasilkan rangkaian Mesh dengan menggunakan wayarles penghala. Tujuan projekini adalah untuk mengatur kedudukan pengujian Rangkaian

Mesh Wayarles di rekreasi luar dengan menggunakan penghala Linksys (610N) dan

untuk menilai prestasi Rangkaian Mesh Wayarles. Projekini perlu persediaan rekreasi luar dengan 3 pengubahsuaian 2.4 GHz penghala wayarles Linksys (610N) dengan lokasi yang berbeza. Lokasi penghala A di bangunan FKEKK, penghala B di pondok FKEKK dan penghala C di kafe pelajar, terletak diantara fakulti FKEKK dan FKE. Setiap penghala perlu diambil bacaan dengan menggunkan 1 pelayan disambug LAN ke penghala wayarles dan 1 pelanggan wayarles yang mempunyai 10 titik di dalam jarak 1 hingga 10 meter dari penghala. Pada setiap titik, throughput akan diukur dengan menggunakan perisian IxChariot dan RSSI dengan perisian

WirelessMon. Tujuan pengukuran ini adalah untuk menilai prestasi Rangkain Mesh

Wayarles menggunakan penghala Linksys. Di dalam projek ini kita mempelajari prestasi Rangkaian Mesh Wayarles. Prestasi harus mempertimbangkan lokasi penghala wayarles. Lokasi setiap penghala wayarles perlu stabil dan kurang dari gangguan sebelum pengukuran dapat dijalankan. Lokasi projek ini adalah lokasi terbaik dari segi kestabilan sambungan penghala dan kurang gangguan. Setelah projek ini dijalankan, di dapati prestasi Rangkaian Mesh Wayarles menggunkan penghala Linksys WRT610N boleh menjadi lemah dan jatuh disebabkan oleh gangguan di kawasan pengujian rekreasi luar.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

PROJECT TITLE

REPORT VERIFICATION STATUS FORM DECLARATION SUPERVISOR DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRAK

TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF APPENDIXES

i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix xiii xiv xvi xviii

I INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

MESH NETWORK AND WIRELESS MESH NETWORK

BACKGROUND PROJECT OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT PROBLEM STATEMENTS SCOPE OF PROJECT METHODOLOGY REPORT OUTLINE 1 2 3 3 3 4 5

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II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION 6

2.2 WIRELESS MESH NETWORK (WMNs) 7

2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3

Wireless Mesh Network Architecture Wireless Mesh Network Characteristics Mesh Standards For IEEE 802.11

8 9 10

2.2.3.1 802.11s Standard 10

2.2.4 Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) Current Challenges 11 2.2.4.1 2.2.4.2 Physical layer Mac layer 11 12 2.2.5 Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs)

Routing Process

2.2.5.1 The Exiting Routing Protocols For Mesh Networks

2.2.5.1.1 Proactive Routing Protocols

2.2.5.1.1.1 Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)

2.2.6 MEASUREMENT IN WIRELESS

MESH NETWORK

2.3 LINKSYS ROUTER WRT610N

SPECIFICATIONS

2.4 ARCHITECTURE OF WRT610N ROUTER 21

2.5 ADVANTAGES OF MESH WIRELESS

NETWORKING

2.6 WIRELESS MESH NETWORKING

PRINCIPLES

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III METHODOLOGY 26

3.1 INTRODUCTION 26

3.2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

REQUIREMENTS

3.2.1 Hardware Requirements 28

3.2.2 Software Requirements 28

3.3 PREPARED A WIRELESS MESH NETWORK 28

3.4 FLASHING LINKSYS WRT610N WITH

DD-WRT FIRMWARE

3.4.1 3.4.2

Step For Flashing

Flashing With DD-WRT Firmware

29 29

3.4.2.1 Flashing With Web Gui 30

3.5 PLANNING THE WIRELESS NETWORK 33

3.5.1 3.2.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 3.5.5 Test-bed Location

Mesh Network Deployment

Channel Allocation for the Nodes and Mesh Network

Plan The IP Address and MAC Address Allocation

Where to Start

34 37 38

IV RESULT AND ANALYSIS 42

4.1 MEASUREMENT FOR WMN USING

LINKSYS 610N 42 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4

Planning The Test-Bed Sit Survey

Test Connection Of Every Router Measure Wireless Router In Mesh Network

42 44 45 49

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xii

4.2.1

4.2.2

Comparison Throughput Average Of Router A, Router B And Router C Comparison TCP And UDP On Three Routers

V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 66

5.1 CONCLUSION 66

5.2 FUTURE WORKS 67

REFERENCES 68

APPENDIX A 70

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xiii

LIST OF TABLES

NO TITLE PAGE

2.1 Physical layer properties of 802.11 standards 10

2.2 The advantages and disadvantages of Linksys WRT610N

3.1 IP Address and MAC Address Setup of Router 40

4.1 Setup Of Router 45

4.2 Average Throughput for Router A 52

4.3 Average Throughput for Router B 53

4.4 Average Throughput for Router C 54

4.5 TCP for router A 58

4.6 TCP for router B 59

4.7 TCP for router C 59

4.8 UDP average for router A 60

4.9 UDP average for router B 60

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xiv

LIST OF FIGURES

NO TITLE PAGE

1.1 Methodology of project 5

2.1 Community of mesh network 8

2.2 WMN in military communications 14

2.3 Ad hoc routing protocol hierarchical classification

2.4 OLSR multipoint relay (MPR) 17

2.5 Linksys router WRT610N 20

2.6 Linksys router WRT610N and package contents 21

2.7 Linksys WRT610N wireless router 22

3.1 Flowchart for methodology 27

3.2 Point for WMN1 testbed 35

3.3 Point for WMN2 test-bed 36

3.4 Point for WMN3 test-bed 37

3.5 The outdoor test-bed of WMN nodes 38

4.1 Outdoor WMN test-bed 43

4.2 3 routers with same SSID enable in the test-bed area

4.3 Ipconfig Typing On Cmd Application Of

Windows

4.4 The ipconfig command output 46

4.5 The arp-a command output 47

4.6 The ping command output 48

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4.8 Point for WMN test-bed 49

4.9 Point for WMN1 test-bed 50

4.10 Point for WMN2 test-bed 50

4.11 Point for WMN3 test-bed 51

4.12 Throughput Comparison for 3 Routers. 55

4.13 Multipath by reflected, scattered and diffracted signals

4.14 Comparison TCP and UDP versus Distance 63

4.15 The Transferred Data Process Of TCP 64

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xvi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AODV - Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector

ARP - Address Resolution Protocol

BSSID - Basic Service Set Identification

DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DNS - Domain Name System

DSSS - Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum

ESSID - Extended Service Set ID

FTP - File Transfer Protocol

HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol

IP - Internet Protocol

LAN - Local Area Network

LELA - Linksys EasyLink Advisor

MAC - Media Access Control

MAN - Metropolitan Area Network

MANET - Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

MPR - Multipoint Relaying

OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

OLSR - Optimize Link State Routing

PC - Personal Computer

QoS - Quality of Service

SNR - Signal toNoise Ratio

SSID - Service Set Identifier

TBRPF - Topology Dissemination Based on Reverse-Path

Forwarding TC - Topology control

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol

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xvii

TORA - Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm

UDP - Datagram Protocol

QoS - Quality of Service

SNR - Signal toNoise Ratio

SSID - Service Set Identifier

VoIP - Voice over IP

WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network

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xviii

LIST OF APPENDIXES

NO TITLE PAGE

A Original Control Panel Shot 75

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents an overview of the project. This chapter will explain about the project, objectives of the project, problems statements, and scope of project, methodology and the outline report.

1.1 Mesh Network and Wireless Mesh Network

Mesh networking is a type of networking where in each node in the network may act as an independent router, regardless of whether it is connected to another network or not. It allows for continuous connections and reconfiguration around broken or blocked paths by ―hopping‖ from node to node until the destination is reached. A mesh network whose nodes are all connected to each other is a fully connected network. Mesh networks differ from other networks in that the component parts can all connect to each other via multiple hops, and they generally are not mobile.

Mesh networks can be seen as one type of ad hoc network. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) and mesh networks are therefore closely related, but MANET also have to deal with the problems introduced by the mobility of the nodes. Mesh networks are self-healing: the network can still operate when one node breaks down

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or a connection goes bad. As a result, the network may typically be very reliable, as there is often more than one path between a source and a destination in the network. Although mostly used in wireless scenarios, this concept is also applicable to wired networks and software interaction. The animation at the right illustrates how wireless mesh networks can self form and self heal [1].

Wireless mesh networks were originally developed for military applications and are typical of mesh architectures. Over the past decade the size, cost, and power requirements of radios has declined, enabling more radios to be included within each device acting as a mesh node. The additional radios within each node enable it to support multiple functions such as client access, backhaul service, and scanning (required for high speed handover in mobile applications). Additionally, the reduction in radio size, cost, and power has enabled the mesh nodes to become more modular—one node or device now can contain multiple radio cards or modules, allowing the nodes to be customized to handle a unique set of functions and frequency bands.

1.2 Background Project

Over the last past years, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are gaining more attention and considered as a convincing solution for providing better Internet access services for end users. The attention comes according to the unique features of WMNs including reliability, scalability and self-configuring wireless network technology. These features offer a suitable wireless network technology for next-generation networks.

WMNs consist of a collection of wireless nodes. Each node operates not only as a host, but also as a router forwarding packets for other nodes. The main goal of WMNs is to allow neighbours in residential and business areas to connect their home networks together forming a ―Community Mesh Network‖. Providing such kind of connectivity allows neighbours to share single Internet access and accordingly reduce the cost of individually install it in each home network.

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1.3 Objective of Project

The objectives of this project are to deploy the outdoor test-bed of Wireless Mesh Network using Linksys routers and DD-WRT firmware. Next objectives are to evaluate the performance of Linksys router and understand how the Wireless Mesh Network works.

1.4 Problem Statement

The problem statements of this project are the stability of the connection on the routers and the interference in the test-bed locations. In Wireless Mesh Network the stability of the connections of routers is the main factor in the process of deploys the test-bed either outdoor or indoor. The interference is the other factors in measurements the performance of the Wireless Mesh Network. This problem statements need to take a consideration to success this project.

1.5 Scope of Project

The scope of this project is focusing on flashing the DD-WRT firmware into specified router, (Linksys WRT610N) and deploys the test- bed WMN and measure the performance of Linksys router. Besides, the performance evaluation will be done using DD-WRT flashed.

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1.6 Project Methodology

Figure 1.1: Methodology of Project

The methodology of this project are to make sure the flashing of DD-WRT firmware can be used and success on the three Linksys routers WRT610N. Then deploy the outdoor Wireless Mesh Network test-bed at the location that already plans. And the last is evaluating the performance of the Wireless Mesh Network at the outdoor test-bed areas.

Start

Flashing Linksys router WRT610N with DDWRT

firmware

Deploy the outdoor Wireless Mesh Network

test-bed

Evaluation of Wireless Mesh Network

performance

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1.7 Report Outline

This report discusses overall the network performance of outdoor test-bed deploy for Wireless Mesh Network using Linksys router (WRT610N). It is consisting of five chapters, which will cover all the matter that should be discussed in developing this project.

Chapter I give out the information of the introduction to this project. It is including the project background, objectives to achieve from this project, the project problem statement, scope of work, and project methodology.

Chapter II contains literature review. It discusses the literature review of the background that is needed in this project. It is about all the study that has been made for this project. It will explain the techniques used in gathering the information and the theory. The literature review will produce a work concept to show the connection between the project with theory and concept.

Chapter III is about project methodology. It will explain the implementation and solution in doing this project. It consist the overall system and the structure needed in the system. Methods used in this project are clearly pointed out such as data collection, data process and analysis, system model and flowchart. Factors that were weighed out in selecting the methods and the advantages are also pointed out.

Chapter IV presents the result of this project. This chapter also includes the analysis of this system development. This chapter will discuss the result accordingly to the objective stated earlier in this project.

Chapter V, is the final chapter which summaries the research findings. This chapter also identifies problems and obstacles throughout this research. Some suggestions for future work is discussed which might be useful for further development and improvement to the system and also the implementation of the system.

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CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter presents an overview of Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) and explain their main features, architectures, characteristics, and some of the current challenges facing WMNs. In this chapter also discuss the major families of the routing protocols used in wireless networks. This chapter will present one protocol from each family to show the routing behaviour of the family. Finally, researcher conclude the chapter with the related works.

2.1 Introduction

With the ever increasing number of wireless devices, the popularity of wireless networks has been rapidly increased to provide better wireless services and to achieve good user satisfaction. Traditionally, wireless networks are either point-to-point network, where each wireless device (wireless node) needs its own dedicated connection, or point-to-multipoint network, where all wireless nodes are within range of a multi-point node which considered as a master node to ensure connectivity among nodes.

Recently, another topology called Wireless Mesh Network has emerged to provide reliable and scalable wireless network. Wireless Mesh Network (WMN)

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Mesh Network and Wireless Mesh Network

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1.2 Background Project

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1.3 Objective of Project

1.4 Problem Statement

1.5 Scope of Project

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1.6 Project Methodology

Figure 1.1: Methodology of Project

Start

Flashing Linksys router WRT610N with DDWRT

firmware

Deploy the outdoor Wireless Mesh Network

test-bed

Evaluation of Wireless Mesh Network

performance

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1.7 Report Outline

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CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

Recently, another topology called Wireless Mesh Network has emerged to provide reliable and scalable wireless network. Wireless Mesh Network (WMN)

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