Performance Analysis Of Wireless Optical Broadband Access Network (WOBAN).
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS OPTICAL BROADBAND
ACCESS NETWORK (WOBAN)
NOR SYAZWANI BT MOHD SAID
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
i
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS OPTICAL BROADBAND
ACCESS NETWORK (WOBAN)
NOR SYAZWANI BT MOHD SAID
This Report Is Submitted In Partial Fulfilment Of Requirement For The Bachelor
Degree of Electronic Engineering (Wireless Communication) With Honours
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
June 2012
ii
iii
iv
v
To my beloved mother, Rohaizah bt Hj Mohd Kassim, my siblings,
and all my lovely friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, my undivided gratitude to Allah S.W.T that has given me blessing
and strength to complete this project entitled “Performance Analysis of Wireless Optical
Broadband Access Network” successfully. The writing of this thesis is one of the most
significant academic challenges that I have ever face. I would like to thank my
supervisor, Pn Nurmala Irdawaty Hassan for giving me support and motivation during
completing this thesis. I am also thankful to my friend and my classmate for their
encouragement and advices. Finally, I thank my parents for supporting me throughout
all my studies in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
vii
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the study of performance analysis of wireless optical
broadband access network. The length of the optical fiber will give an effect to the
performance of WOBAN and hence, the investigation of the optimum length is done.
WOBAN is the most effective access network because it provide high bandwidth and
good scalability with cost effectives. Optiwave Optisystem software tool is used to
accomplish the design and performance analysis of WOBAN. The performance analysis
is analysed in terms of Power Received, Q factor, Eye Diagram and eye height, and Bit
Error Rate (BER).
viii
ABSTRAK
Kertas kerja ini membentangkan kajian analysis mengenai prestasi rangkaian
wayales jalur lebar optik (WOBAN). Panjang gentian optik akan divariasikan untuk
melihat kesan kepada prestasi rangkaian wayales jalur lebar optic (WOBAN) dan oleh itu
penyisasatan optimum akan dilakukan terhadap system WOBAN. WOBAN adalah
rangkaian akses yang paling berteknologi kerana ia menyediakan jalur lebar yang tinggi,
skala yang tinggi dan kos yang berkesan. Perisian Optiwave Optisystem akan digunakan
untuk mereka litar WOBAN dan menganalisis prestasi WOBAN. WOBAN akan dianalisis
dalam bentuk Power Received, Q factor, Eye Diagram dan eye height, dan Bit Error
Rate (BER).
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I
TITLE
PAGES
PROJECT TITLE
i
STATUS REPORT FORM
ii
STUDENT DECLARATION
iii
SUPERVISOR DECLARATION
iv
DEDICATION
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
vi
ABSTRACT
vii
ABSTRAK
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ix
LIST OF TABLES
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
xiv
LIST OF ACRONYMS
xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES
xviii
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
2
Objectives
x
II
1.2
Problem Statement
3
1.3
Scope of Work
3
1.4
Thesis Outline
4
LITERATURE REVIEW
6
2.1
Optical Access Network Overview
6
2.2
Wireless Access Network Overview
10
2.3
Wireless Optical Broadband Access Network
11
2.4
WOBAN Architecture
12
2.5
Compelling Solution
14
2.6
Optical Fiber
15
2.6.1
Single Mode Optical Fiber
17
2.6.2
Multi Mode Optical Fiber
18
2.6.3
Comparison between Single Mode and
19
Multimode Optical Fiber
2.6.4
2.7
2.8
Fiber Dispersion
19
2.6.4.1
Modal dispersion
21
2.6.4.1
Chromatic dispersion
22
Performance Parameter
23
2.7.1
Eye Diagram
23
2.7.2
Bit Error Rate
25
2.7.3
Power Spectrum
26
2.7.4
Q Factor
26
2.7.5
Signal Noise Ratio
27
Advantages of Optical Fiber over Copper Wire
27
xi
III
1V
METHODOLOGY
30
3.1
Flowcharts of the project
31
3.2
Flowcharts of simulation circuit
32
3.3
K Map of Project
33
3.4
Proposed Block Diagram of WOBAN
34
3.5
Expected Result
35
3.6
Simulation Process
36
3.6.1
Starting Optisystem
36
3.6.2
Setting and Changing the Bit Rates
37
3.6.3
Adding the Component
38
3.6.4
Connecting Component
38
3.6.5
Setting Component Parameter
39
3.6.6
Setting the Parameter Sweep
42
3.6.7
Running the Simulation
46
3.6.8
Viewing the Results
47
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
48
4.1
Power Received Results
50
4.2
Q-factor Results
52
4.3
Bit Error Rate (BER) Performance
53
4.4
Eye Diagram and Eye Height Results
54
4.5
RF Spectrum Analyzer
56
4.6
Best Combination Results
57
xii
V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
58
5.1
Conclusion
58
5.2
Recommendation
59
REFERENCES
61
APPENDIX A
64
APPENDIX B
65
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
NO
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
The Advantages of WOBAN
14
2.2
Comparison between Single Mode and Multimode
19
2.3
Advantages of Optical Fiber
27
3.1
Typical Parameters of WOBAN
35
3.2
Starting Optisystem
36
3.3
Setting and Changing the Bit Rates
37
3.4
Adding the Component
38
3.5
Connecting Component
38
3.6
Setting Component Parameter
39
3.7
Setting Component Parameter
42
3.8
Running the Simulation
46
3.9
Viewing the Results
47
4.1
Power received results
50
4.2
Q-factor results
52
4.3
BER results
53
4.4
Eye Diagram and Eye Height results
54
4.5
Best Combination Results
57
xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
NO
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Basic diagram of Passive Optical Network (PON)
8
2.2
The simple WDM PON architecture
8
2.3
Evolution of optical access network
9
2.4
WOBANs upstream and downstream protocols
13
2.5
WOBAN Architecture
13
2.6
Basic structure of optical fiber
16
2.7
Basic fiber optic communication system
16
2.8
Single Mode optical fiber
17
2.9
Multi Mode Optical fiber
18
2.10
Broaden Pulse
19
2.11
Intersymbol Interference
20
2.12
Output signal with dispersion
20
2.13
Mode propagation in multimode optical fiber
22
2.14
Mode propagation with material and waveguide dispersion
23
2.15
The Formation of eye diagram
24
2.16
Basic information contain in eye diagram
25
3.1
Methodology flowchart
31
3.2
Simulation flowchart
32
3.3
WOBAN system by using K chart
33
xv
3.4
Block diagram of Wireless Optical Broadband Access Network
34
3.5
Optisystem Graphical User Interface
36
3.6
Layout parameter dialog box
37
3.7
Connecting components symbol
38
3.8
Connecting ports
38
3.9
Connecting Component
38
3.10
WDM Transmitter properties dialog box
39
3.11
Bidirectional Optical Fiber dialog box
40
3.12
1xN Splitter Bidirectional dialog box
40
3.13
WOBAN Simulation Circuit
41
3.14
Bidirectional Optical Fiber dialog box
43
3.15
Set total sweep iteration
43
3.16
Total parameter sweep iteration dialog box
44
3.17
Set total parameter sweeps
44
3.18
Parameter sweep dialog box
44
3.19
Parameter sweep dialog box 2
45
3.20
Parameter iteration spread dialog box
45
3.21
Parameter sweeps dialog box 3
45
3.22
Calculation dialog box 1
46
3.23
Calculation dialog box 2
46
3.24
BER Analyzer Monitor
47
4.1
Transmitted Optical Spectrum
51
4.2
RF Spectrum at ONU 1
56
4.3
Optical Spectrum at ONU 1
56
xvi
LIST OF ACRONYMS
3G
-
Third-generation
AWG
-
Array Wave Guide
BER
-
Bit Error Rate
BS
-
Base Station
BPON
-
Broadband Passive Optical Network
CO
-
Central Office
DAM
-
Dual Arm Modulator
DFB
-
Distributed Feedback Laser
EPON
-
Ethernet Passive Optical Network
FTTH
-
Fiber To The Home
FTTC
-
Fiber To The Curb
FTTB
-
Fiber To The Building
Gbps
-
Gigabits per Second
GFP-PON
-
Generic Framing Procedure Passive Optical Network
GPON
-
Gigabit Passive Optical Network
HSPA
-
High Speed Packet Access
IEEE
-
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
ISI
-
Intersymbol Interference
LED
-
Light Emitting Diode
LOS
-
Line of Sight
MAN
-
Metropolitan Area Network
Mbps
-
Megabits per Second
xvii
MMF
-
Multi Mode Fiber
NLOS
-
Non Line of Sight
NRZ
-
Non Return to Zero
OFDM
-
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OLT
-
Optical Line Terminal
ONU
-
Optical Network Unit
IL
-
Optical Interleaver
Ps
-
picosecond
PS/C
-
Passive splitters / combiner
PON
-
Passive Optical Network
RZ
-
Return Zero
RF
-
Radio Frequency
RN
-
Remote Node
SMF
-
Single Mode Fiber
SNR
-
Signal to Noise Ratio
TDM PON
-
Time Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network
WDM PON
-
Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network
WiFi
-
Wireless Fidelity
WiMAX
-
Wordwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WMN
-
Wireless Mesh Network
WOBAN
-
Wireless Optical Broadband Access Network
xviii
LIST OF APPENDICES
NO
TITLE
PAGE
A
Gantt Chart and Milestone (∆)
64
B
Component Library
65
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The emerging demand for multimedia communication such as voice, data
pictures, video services and internet streaming require for the realization of broadband
distribution system. During the past decade, the use of optical fiber as a transmission
line experience an enormous growth due to the wide bandwidth it can provide. Wireless
Optical Broadband Access Network, (WOBAN) is one of the broadband access
networks that use optical fiber as a transmission line from the optical backhaul to the
wireless mesh network. The basic purpose of WOBAN is to eliminate wired dropped at
every wireless router at end user and the used of fiber optic which give an advantages
because it does not need to penetrate to the end user. Moreover, the architecture of
WOBAN is a combining of wireless and optical where at the back end is a wired optical
network and at the front end is manage by wireless connectivity.
At the back end of the network, optical line terminal (OLT) resides in the central
office (CO) and is connected via optical fiber to multiple optical network units (ONU)
2
[1]. Remote node (RN) will distributed data to the ONU via optical links. At the front
end, a set of wireless nodes (routers) forms a wireless mesh network (WMN) [1]. End
users are connected to the network through these nodes where the locations are fixed in a
wireless mesh network (WMN). A number of selected routers are connected to the ONU
which is also mean connected to the optical backhaul. End users send packets to a
nearby wireless node and travel through the wireless mesh and reach the OLT via the
gateways.
Before WOBAN is developed, the recent trends of the optical access network are
a Passive Optical Network (PON). PON is a point to multipoint optical network. In this
configuration, it used a different wavelength of channel for upstream and downstream
from the central office (Optical Line Terminal) to the Optical Network Unit (ONU). A
traditional PON also known as TDM PON which indicate a time division multiplexed
where the number of ONU‟s is limited by the splitting loss and by the bit rate of the
transceiver in the OLT‟s and ONU‟s. Next is WDM PON which is developed by the
high demand of end users as the bandwidth can be very low because it is share by all end
users. WDM PON provides excellent stability and may not suffer power splitting loss. In
comparison to the traditional PON, WDM PON used multiple wavelengths that can
support both upstream and downstream direction. WDM PON creates a point to point
link between OLT and each ONU.
1.1
Objectives
The purpose of this paper is to construct WOBAN circuit by using Optiwave
OptiSystem. The next objective is to analyze the performance of the Wireless Optical
Broadband Access Network by developing a WOBAN circuit by using Optiwave
OptiSystem software. To compare between different fiber length as a transmission line
between the front end and back end of the network. Finally, the performance of the
WOBAN with the best fiber length will be discussed.
3
1.2
Problem Statement
Due to the high demand from the customers or end users, they are asking for more cost
effective communication system that can support anytime, anywhere and any media they want.
Moreover, the users of wireless communications are demanding more capacity and
therefore higher frequencies. Other than that, since WOBAN is a combining of optical
and wireless communications, it presents a compelling solution that optimizes the best of
both worlds.
In addition, running optical fiber to every end user may be costly due to the
expensive installation cost. Moreover, providing wireless access from CO to every end
user may not be possible because of limited spectrum [2]. The users of wireless
communications are demanding more capacity, bandwidth and high frequencies [2].
Therefore, the investigation on the effect of optimum optical fiber length towards a
better performance in wireless mesh network is required.
1.3
Work Scope
The work scope of this research is to study the architecture of the block diagram
of WOBAN. Next, the parameters of the optical backhaul and wireless front end of the
network are examined. Moreover, this research concentrates on the performance analysis
of wireless optical broadband access network by varying the fiber length of the
transmission line of the network. Lastly, the results are analysed based on Power
Received, Q factor, Eye Diagram and eye height and Bit Error Rate (BER).
4
1.4
Thesis Outline
There are five chapters consist in this thesis; Introduction, Literature Review,
Methodology, Result and Discussion and Conclusion and Recommendation. Chapter 1
briefly explains the introduction of Wireless Optical Broadband Access Network
(WOBAN) and also the objectives of the project that need to be achieved at the end of
this project. Problem statement and work scope are also included in this chapter which
help the overflow of simulation and thesis writing.
Chapter 2 defines WOBAN for the optical wireless network and Wireless access
network. This chapter also explores WOBAN architecture which includes Optical Link
Terminal (OLT), Remote Node (RN) and Optical Network Unit (ONU). Other than that,
the advantages of WOBAN over the wireline optical are summarized in this chapter.
Fiber optic also discussed in this chapter which involves the type of fiber and its
comparison, dispersion effect, optical length effect and the advantages of using optical
fiber over copper wire. All the information in this chapter is gathered from related
journals and fiber optic books with citation.
Chapter 3 focused on methodology of the project. Flowchart and K-Map of the
project help the flow of the simulation design and also which parameter needs to be
focused. The proposed scheme is introduced in this chapter which define the bit rate
used for backhaul and wireless part. Optical fiber length is varied to analyze the
performance of WOBAN. In addition, the simulation process of developing WOBAN
circuit is included in this chapter. The process involved are by starting OptiSystem,
setting the layout, adding component, connecting component, setting the component
parameter, setting the parameter sweep, running the simulation and lastly viewing the
result.
5
Chapter 4 explores the result and discussion obtained from the simulation circuit.
The results are observed for 15km, 20km and 25km fiber length in term of power
received, Q factor, eye diagram and eye height and bit error rate (BER).In this session,
the results gained are analysed by referring to the parameter set earlier in the circuit.
Chapter 5 conclude the overall thesis. The best length with the least bit error rate
and the best data rate at both optical backhaul and wireless network are explained in this
chapter. Recommendations for this circuit are also included.
ACCESS NETWORK (WOBAN)
NOR SYAZWANI BT MOHD SAID
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
i
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS OPTICAL BROADBAND
ACCESS NETWORK (WOBAN)
NOR SYAZWANI BT MOHD SAID
This Report Is Submitted In Partial Fulfilment Of Requirement For The Bachelor
Degree of Electronic Engineering (Wireless Communication) With Honours
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
June 2012
ii
iii
iv
v
To my beloved mother, Rohaizah bt Hj Mohd Kassim, my siblings,
and all my lovely friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, my undivided gratitude to Allah S.W.T that has given me blessing
and strength to complete this project entitled “Performance Analysis of Wireless Optical
Broadband Access Network” successfully. The writing of this thesis is one of the most
significant academic challenges that I have ever face. I would like to thank my
supervisor, Pn Nurmala Irdawaty Hassan for giving me support and motivation during
completing this thesis. I am also thankful to my friend and my classmate for their
encouragement and advices. Finally, I thank my parents for supporting me throughout
all my studies in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
vii
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the study of performance analysis of wireless optical
broadband access network. The length of the optical fiber will give an effect to the
performance of WOBAN and hence, the investigation of the optimum length is done.
WOBAN is the most effective access network because it provide high bandwidth and
good scalability with cost effectives. Optiwave Optisystem software tool is used to
accomplish the design and performance analysis of WOBAN. The performance analysis
is analysed in terms of Power Received, Q factor, Eye Diagram and eye height, and Bit
Error Rate (BER).
viii
ABSTRAK
Kertas kerja ini membentangkan kajian analysis mengenai prestasi rangkaian
wayales jalur lebar optik (WOBAN). Panjang gentian optik akan divariasikan untuk
melihat kesan kepada prestasi rangkaian wayales jalur lebar optic (WOBAN) dan oleh itu
penyisasatan optimum akan dilakukan terhadap system WOBAN. WOBAN adalah
rangkaian akses yang paling berteknologi kerana ia menyediakan jalur lebar yang tinggi,
skala yang tinggi dan kos yang berkesan. Perisian Optiwave Optisystem akan digunakan
untuk mereka litar WOBAN dan menganalisis prestasi WOBAN. WOBAN akan dianalisis
dalam bentuk Power Received, Q factor, Eye Diagram dan eye height, dan Bit Error
Rate (BER).
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I
TITLE
PAGES
PROJECT TITLE
i
STATUS REPORT FORM
ii
STUDENT DECLARATION
iii
SUPERVISOR DECLARATION
iv
DEDICATION
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
vi
ABSTRACT
vii
ABSTRAK
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ix
LIST OF TABLES
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
xiv
LIST OF ACRONYMS
xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES
xviii
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
2
Objectives
x
II
1.2
Problem Statement
3
1.3
Scope of Work
3
1.4
Thesis Outline
4
LITERATURE REVIEW
6
2.1
Optical Access Network Overview
6
2.2
Wireless Access Network Overview
10
2.3
Wireless Optical Broadband Access Network
11
2.4
WOBAN Architecture
12
2.5
Compelling Solution
14
2.6
Optical Fiber
15
2.6.1
Single Mode Optical Fiber
17
2.6.2
Multi Mode Optical Fiber
18
2.6.3
Comparison between Single Mode and
19
Multimode Optical Fiber
2.6.4
2.7
2.8
Fiber Dispersion
19
2.6.4.1
Modal dispersion
21
2.6.4.1
Chromatic dispersion
22
Performance Parameter
23
2.7.1
Eye Diagram
23
2.7.2
Bit Error Rate
25
2.7.3
Power Spectrum
26
2.7.4
Q Factor
26
2.7.5
Signal Noise Ratio
27
Advantages of Optical Fiber over Copper Wire
27
xi
III
1V
METHODOLOGY
30
3.1
Flowcharts of the project
31
3.2
Flowcharts of simulation circuit
32
3.3
K Map of Project
33
3.4
Proposed Block Diagram of WOBAN
34
3.5
Expected Result
35
3.6
Simulation Process
36
3.6.1
Starting Optisystem
36
3.6.2
Setting and Changing the Bit Rates
37
3.6.3
Adding the Component
38
3.6.4
Connecting Component
38
3.6.5
Setting Component Parameter
39
3.6.6
Setting the Parameter Sweep
42
3.6.7
Running the Simulation
46
3.6.8
Viewing the Results
47
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
48
4.1
Power Received Results
50
4.2
Q-factor Results
52
4.3
Bit Error Rate (BER) Performance
53
4.4
Eye Diagram and Eye Height Results
54
4.5
RF Spectrum Analyzer
56
4.6
Best Combination Results
57
xii
V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
58
5.1
Conclusion
58
5.2
Recommendation
59
REFERENCES
61
APPENDIX A
64
APPENDIX B
65
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
NO
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
The Advantages of WOBAN
14
2.2
Comparison between Single Mode and Multimode
19
2.3
Advantages of Optical Fiber
27
3.1
Typical Parameters of WOBAN
35
3.2
Starting Optisystem
36
3.3
Setting and Changing the Bit Rates
37
3.4
Adding the Component
38
3.5
Connecting Component
38
3.6
Setting Component Parameter
39
3.7
Setting Component Parameter
42
3.8
Running the Simulation
46
3.9
Viewing the Results
47
4.1
Power received results
50
4.2
Q-factor results
52
4.3
BER results
53
4.4
Eye Diagram and Eye Height results
54
4.5
Best Combination Results
57
xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
NO
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Basic diagram of Passive Optical Network (PON)
8
2.2
The simple WDM PON architecture
8
2.3
Evolution of optical access network
9
2.4
WOBANs upstream and downstream protocols
13
2.5
WOBAN Architecture
13
2.6
Basic structure of optical fiber
16
2.7
Basic fiber optic communication system
16
2.8
Single Mode optical fiber
17
2.9
Multi Mode Optical fiber
18
2.10
Broaden Pulse
19
2.11
Intersymbol Interference
20
2.12
Output signal with dispersion
20
2.13
Mode propagation in multimode optical fiber
22
2.14
Mode propagation with material and waveguide dispersion
23
2.15
The Formation of eye diagram
24
2.16
Basic information contain in eye diagram
25
3.1
Methodology flowchart
31
3.2
Simulation flowchart
32
3.3
WOBAN system by using K chart
33
xv
3.4
Block diagram of Wireless Optical Broadband Access Network
34
3.5
Optisystem Graphical User Interface
36
3.6
Layout parameter dialog box
37
3.7
Connecting components symbol
38
3.8
Connecting ports
38
3.9
Connecting Component
38
3.10
WDM Transmitter properties dialog box
39
3.11
Bidirectional Optical Fiber dialog box
40
3.12
1xN Splitter Bidirectional dialog box
40
3.13
WOBAN Simulation Circuit
41
3.14
Bidirectional Optical Fiber dialog box
43
3.15
Set total sweep iteration
43
3.16
Total parameter sweep iteration dialog box
44
3.17
Set total parameter sweeps
44
3.18
Parameter sweep dialog box
44
3.19
Parameter sweep dialog box 2
45
3.20
Parameter iteration spread dialog box
45
3.21
Parameter sweeps dialog box 3
45
3.22
Calculation dialog box 1
46
3.23
Calculation dialog box 2
46
3.24
BER Analyzer Monitor
47
4.1
Transmitted Optical Spectrum
51
4.2
RF Spectrum at ONU 1
56
4.3
Optical Spectrum at ONU 1
56
xvi
LIST OF ACRONYMS
3G
-
Third-generation
AWG
-
Array Wave Guide
BER
-
Bit Error Rate
BS
-
Base Station
BPON
-
Broadband Passive Optical Network
CO
-
Central Office
DAM
-
Dual Arm Modulator
DFB
-
Distributed Feedback Laser
EPON
-
Ethernet Passive Optical Network
FTTH
-
Fiber To The Home
FTTC
-
Fiber To The Curb
FTTB
-
Fiber To The Building
Gbps
-
Gigabits per Second
GFP-PON
-
Generic Framing Procedure Passive Optical Network
GPON
-
Gigabit Passive Optical Network
HSPA
-
High Speed Packet Access
IEEE
-
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
ISI
-
Intersymbol Interference
LED
-
Light Emitting Diode
LOS
-
Line of Sight
MAN
-
Metropolitan Area Network
Mbps
-
Megabits per Second
xvii
MMF
-
Multi Mode Fiber
NLOS
-
Non Line of Sight
NRZ
-
Non Return to Zero
OFDM
-
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OLT
-
Optical Line Terminal
ONU
-
Optical Network Unit
IL
-
Optical Interleaver
Ps
-
picosecond
PS/C
-
Passive splitters / combiner
PON
-
Passive Optical Network
RZ
-
Return Zero
RF
-
Radio Frequency
RN
-
Remote Node
SMF
-
Single Mode Fiber
SNR
-
Signal to Noise Ratio
TDM PON
-
Time Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network
WDM PON
-
Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network
WiFi
-
Wireless Fidelity
WiMAX
-
Wordwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WMN
-
Wireless Mesh Network
WOBAN
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Wireless Optical Broadband Access Network
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LIST OF APPENDICES
NO
TITLE
PAGE
A
Gantt Chart and Milestone (∆)
64
B
Component Library
65
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The emerging demand for multimedia communication such as voice, data
pictures, video services and internet streaming require for the realization of broadband
distribution system. During the past decade, the use of optical fiber as a transmission
line experience an enormous growth due to the wide bandwidth it can provide. Wireless
Optical Broadband Access Network, (WOBAN) is one of the broadband access
networks that use optical fiber as a transmission line from the optical backhaul to the
wireless mesh network. The basic purpose of WOBAN is to eliminate wired dropped at
every wireless router at end user and the used of fiber optic which give an advantages
because it does not need to penetrate to the end user. Moreover, the architecture of
WOBAN is a combining of wireless and optical where at the back end is a wired optical
network and at the front end is manage by wireless connectivity.
At the back end of the network, optical line terminal (OLT) resides in the central
office (CO) and is connected via optical fiber to multiple optical network units (ONU)
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[1]. Remote node (RN) will distributed data to the ONU via optical links. At the front
end, a set of wireless nodes (routers) forms a wireless mesh network (WMN) [1]. End
users are connected to the network through these nodes where the locations are fixed in a
wireless mesh network (WMN). A number of selected routers are connected to the ONU
which is also mean connected to the optical backhaul. End users send packets to a
nearby wireless node and travel through the wireless mesh and reach the OLT via the
gateways.
Before WOBAN is developed, the recent trends of the optical access network are
a Passive Optical Network (PON). PON is a point to multipoint optical network. In this
configuration, it used a different wavelength of channel for upstream and downstream
from the central office (Optical Line Terminal) to the Optical Network Unit (ONU). A
traditional PON also known as TDM PON which indicate a time division multiplexed
where the number of ONU‟s is limited by the splitting loss and by the bit rate of the
transceiver in the OLT‟s and ONU‟s. Next is WDM PON which is developed by the
high demand of end users as the bandwidth can be very low because it is share by all end
users. WDM PON provides excellent stability and may not suffer power splitting loss. In
comparison to the traditional PON, WDM PON used multiple wavelengths that can
support both upstream and downstream direction. WDM PON creates a point to point
link between OLT and each ONU.
1.1
Objectives
The purpose of this paper is to construct WOBAN circuit by using Optiwave
OptiSystem. The next objective is to analyze the performance of the Wireless Optical
Broadband Access Network by developing a WOBAN circuit by using Optiwave
OptiSystem software. To compare between different fiber length as a transmission line
between the front end and back end of the network. Finally, the performance of the
WOBAN with the best fiber length will be discussed.
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1.2
Problem Statement
Due to the high demand from the customers or end users, they are asking for more cost
effective communication system that can support anytime, anywhere and any media they want.
Moreover, the users of wireless communications are demanding more capacity and
therefore higher frequencies. Other than that, since WOBAN is a combining of optical
and wireless communications, it presents a compelling solution that optimizes the best of
both worlds.
In addition, running optical fiber to every end user may be costly due to the
expensive installation cost. Moreover, providing wireless access from CO to every end
user may not be possible because of limited spectrum [2]. The users of wireless
communications are demanding more capacity, bandwidth and high frequencies [2].
Therefore, the investigation on the effect of optimum optical fiber length towards a
better performance in wireless mesh network is required.
1.3
Work Scope
The work scope of this research is to study the architecture of the block diagram
of WOBAN. Next, the parameters of the optical backhaul and wireless front end of the
network are examined. Moreover, this research concentrates on the performance analysis
of wireless optical broadband access network by varying the fiber length of the
transmission line of the network. Lastly, the results are analysed based on Power
Received, Q factor, Eye Diagram and eye height and Bit Error Rate (BER).
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1.4
Thesis Outline
There are five chapters consist in this thesis; Introduction, Literature Review,
Methodology, Result and Discussion and Conclusion and Recommendation. Chapter 1
briefly explains the introduction of Wireless Optical Broadband Access Network
(WOBAN) and also the objectives of the project that need to be achieved at the end of
this project. Problem statement and work scope are also included in this chapter which
help the overflow of simulation and thesis writing.
Chapter 2 defines WOBAN for the optical wireless network and Wireless access
network. This chapter also explores WOBAN architecture which includes Optical Link
Terminal (OLT), Remote Node (RN) and Optical Network Unit (ONU). Other than that,
the advantages of WOBAN over the wireline optical are summarized in this chapter.
Fiber optic also discussed in this chapter which involves the type of fiber and its
comparison, dispersion effect, optical length effect and the advantages of using optical
fiber over copper wire. All the information in this chapter is gathered from related
journals and fiber optic books with citation.
Chapter 3 focused on methodology of the project. Flowchart and K-Map of the
project help the flow of the simulation design and also which parameter needs to be
focused. The proposed scheme is introduced in this chapter which define the bit rate
used for backhaul and wireless part. Optical fiber length is varied to analyze the
performance of WOBAN. In addition, the simulation process of developing WOBAN
circuit is included in this chapter. The process involved are by starting OptiSystem,
setting the layout, adding component, connecting component, setting the component
parameter, setting the parameter sweep, running the simulation and lastly viewing the
result.
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Chapter 4 explores the result and discussion obtained from the simulation circuit.
The results are observed for 15km, 20km and 25km fiber length in term of power
received, Q factor, eye diagram and eye height and bit error rate (BER).In this session,
the results gained are analysed by referring to the parameter set earlier in the circuit.
Chapter 5 conclude the overall thesis. The best length with the least bit error rate
and the best data rate at both optical backhaul and wireless network are explained in this
chapter. Recommendations for this circuit are also included.