The role of pesantren in the development of primary education in indonesia
STUDlA ISL
•
INDONESIAN JOURNAL FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES
Volume I, Number 2, 1994
ISLAM AND PARTY POLITICS IN RURAL JAVA
Bambang Pranowo
THE ROLE OF ISLAM IN INDONESIAN AND ALGERIAN HISTORY:
A Comparative Analysis
Johan H. Meuleman
GUARDING THE FAITH OF THE UMMAH:
Religio-lntellectual Journey of Mohammad Rasjidi
Azyumardi Azra
ISSN 0215-0492
STUDlA ISLAMIKA
Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies
Volume I, No. 2, 1994
EDITORIAL BOARD:
Harun Nasution
Mastuhu
M. Quraish Sbihab
A Aziz Dab/an
M. Satria Effendi
Nabilah Lubis
M. Yunan Yusuf
Komaruddin Hidayat
Dien Syamsuddin
Muslim Nasution
Wahib Mu 'tbi
EDITOR IN CHIEF:
Azyumardi Azra
EDITORS:
Saiful Muzani
Hendro Prasetyo
]ohan H. Meuleman
Nuru/Fajri
Badri Yatim
AsSISTANfS TO THE EDITOR:
ArifSubhan
Much/is Ainurrafik
ENGUSH LANGUAGE ADVISOR:
judith M. Dent
COVER DESIGNER:
S. Prinka
STUDIA IsLAMIKA (ISSN 0215-0492) is a Journal published quarterly by Institut
Agama Islam Negeri (WN, The State Institute for Islamic Studies) Syarif
Hidayatullah, Jakarta, (SIT DEPPEN No. 129;SK,/DI1JEN/PPG;SIT/1976) and
sponsored by the Department of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.
It specializes in Indonesian Islamic studies, and is intended to communicate
original researches and current issues on the subject. This journal warmly
welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines.
All articles published do not necessarily represent the views of the journal, or
other institutions to which it is affiliated. They are solely the views of the authors.
Zamakhsyari Dhofier
The Role of Pesantren in
the Development of Primary
Education in Indonesia
Abstract: Pesantrens are special Indonesian Islamic educational
institutions. Having developed as a modern Islamic institutions,
pesantren, which in the past confined their roles tothe teaching of
religious knowledge, adopt both Western and national education
systems and thereby actively support the compulsory education program
started in 1984.
There was a dualism in the national education system prior to 1989.
Modern public educational institutions, which adopt Western
education in science and technology, were under the authority of the
Ministry of Education and Culture (DEPDIKBUD). Meanwhile,
religious educational institutions, including pesantren, were
administered by the Ministry of Religious Affairs (DEPAG). The
government has long attempted to solve this dualism.
From early on the government has recognized that pesantren has
played a positive role in enhancing both the spiritual and intellectual
life of the nation. Before the independence of Indonesia pesatren has
adopted some modern educational features: application of formalclassical method, providing woman with opportunities to receive
education and teaching secular knowledge. However, because of some
pesantrens' weaknesses, the government still needs to develop these
processes. The government established madrasah soon after
Independence and adopted its system into the pesantren. In order to
pursue the process of modernization of the pesantren, the government
issued a joint decision in March 1975, which included placing
DEPDIKBUD in charge ofproviding teachers of secular knowledge for
madrasah.
47
Studia Islamika 2, Vol. 1, 1994
48
Z.makhsyari Dhofier
Zamakhsyari Dhofier
Peran Pesantren dalam
Penyebarluasan Pendidikan Dasar
di Indonesia
Abstraksi: Pesantren adalah lembaga pendidikan Islam yang khas
Indonesia. Setelah berkembang menjadi lembaga pendidikan Islam
modern, sekarang pesantran merangkum peran-peran pendidikan
Islam: pendidikan yang mengunakan metode Barat dan sistem
pendidikan nasional.
Sebelum tahun 1989, terdapat dualisme dalam sistem pendidikan
nasional. Lembaga pendidikan umum modern yang mengadopsi
pendidikan Barat dalam bidang ilmu dan teknologi berada di bawah
Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (DEPDIKBUD), sementara
lembaga pendidikan agama, termasuk pesantren, berada di bawah
Departemen Agama (DEPAG). Namun sejak dini sekali sudah mulai
dipikirkan langkah-langkah untuk mengkompromikan dua pola
lembaga pendidikan ini.
Sejak awal pemerintah memang sudah melihat pesantren telah
memainkan peran positif dalam meningkatkan kualitas spiritual dan
intelektual bangsa. Akan tetapi, karena beberapa kelemahan,
pemerintah berusaha mengembangkan dan meningkatkan lembaga
pendidikan Islam yang sebenarnya sudahmembenahi diri jauh sebelum
Indonesia merdeka; memasukkan pendidikan formal-klasikal,
memberi kesempatan kepada kaum perempuan, dan memasukkan
mata pelajaran sekular. Segera setelah merdeka, pemerintah
mendirikan madrasah modern danmemasukkan sistem madrasah itu
ke dalam pesantren. Untuk mempercepat modernisasi pesantren itu,
SKB Tiga Menteri dikeluarkan pada bulan Maret 1975.
Studia Islamika Vol. I, No. 2, 1994
Dawr al-Mu'assasat al-Tarbawiyyah 49
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Studia Islamika Vol. I, No. 2, 1994
60
Zamakhsyari Dhofier
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Daiur al-Mu'assasat al-Tarbawiyyah 61
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Studia Islamika Vol. I, No. 2, 1994
ｾ＠
• I Ｎ｟ｾＱ＠
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1
62
Zamakhsyari Dhofier
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4..AJJI ul.;. - :.._.
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ｾ＠
· StudU. Jslamika Vol. !, No. 2, 1994
Dawr al-Mu 'assasat al- Tarbawiyyah
J.F.G. Brumund, Het Volkonderwijs onder de Javanen Batavia __)i.il(
.::,l-i...:all ｾＧｩＮｊ＠
y')L.'i14..rJlt ＠ｾ
ｾｗＧ＠
, Ｇｾ＠
)i.il , ｾｉ＠
, ｬｊＩＧｾＮｌｐＳｅｓ＠
ｾ＠
Ｎ［ＩｾＱ＠
')
,
1857
L..:.i
(Y)
ｙｾＭＡＮ＠
ｾｉ＠
67
Traditional Pesantren:
.i.....Ul-1
( r)
J.A. Vander Chijs, Bijdragen tot de Geschiedenis van het lnlandsch : . _)i.il
Onderwijs in Nederlands-lndie in "Tijd rscrift voor lndische taal- , Land -en Volken-
. rYr - Y' Yｾ＠
, '!. ..L4JI
kunde"
:_)i.il(!.)
L.W.C. van der Berg, De Mohammedaansche Geesttelijkheid en de Geestelijke Goerderen op Java en Madura in "Tijdschrift voor taal - Land-en
!. "\ - ' ｾ＠
, YV
..L4J I Volkenkunde"
Harry J. Benda , "The Cresent and the Rising Sun : Indonesia n Islam Under
( 0)
The Japanese Occupation of Java 1942-1945 , M. van Hoeve Ltd.
ｾｉ＠
Sartono Kartodirjo,
" The Peasant's Revolt of Banten in 1888
)i.il
: Its
Conditions, Course and Sequel, A case Study of Movement in Indonesia" .
The Hague: Nederlansche Booken Steen - drukkerij v/h Smith,1966
Harry J. Benda, The Crescent ...........
YV
_ ＨＧｯｶｾＩ＠
ｾ＠
"''
( "\)
G. Mact. Kahin, Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia, Cornell Uni- ( V)
ｾ＠
versity Press,
ｾ＠
.;..;I.J 1..1"'1)1 ｲｬｾ＠
ｾ＠
_wL....o ｾ＠
iJI til)l ｾ＠
Studia Islamika VoL I, No. 2, 1994
ｬｴｨ｡｣ｾＮ＠
i.ll '-"""L..'il ｾｉ＠
ｾｉ＠
ｾ＠ ｾ＠
. IJ""'.;.lll ｾＩｉ＠
New York 1961, Pg. 61
iJI ｾＩｉ＠
Jl,j! ')U , ｾｉ＠
ｉｾ＠
J... (A)
ｾＩｉ＠
iJI.J ｟ＮＫＡ＠ｾ
•
INDONESIAN JOURNAL FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES
Volume I, Number 2, 1994
ISLAM AND PARTY POLITICS IN RURAL JAVA
Bambang Pranowo
THE ROLE OF ISLAM IN INDONESIAN AND ALGERIAN HISTORY:
A Comparative Analysis
Johan H. Meuleman
GUARDING THE FAITH OF THE UMMAH:
Religio-lntellectual Journey of Mohammad Rasjidi
Azyumardi Azra
ISSN 0215-0492
STUDlA ISLAMIKA
Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies
Volume I, No. 2, 1994
EDITORIAL BOARD:
Harun Nasution
Mastuhu
M. Quraish Sbihab
A Aziz Dab/an
M. Satria Effendi
Nabilah Lubis
M. Yunan Yusuf
Komaruddin Hidayat
Dien Syamsuddin
Muslim Nasution
Wahib Mu 'tbi
EDITOR IN CHIEF:
Azyumardi Azra
EDITORS:
Saiful Muzani
Hendro Prasetyo
]ohan H. Meuleman
Nuru/Fajri
Badri Yatim
AsSISTANfS TO THE EDITOR:
ArifSubhan
Much/is Ainurrafik
ENGUSH LANGUAGE ADVISOR:
judith M. Dent
COVER DESIGNER:
S. Prinka
STUDIA IsLAMIKA (ISSN 0215-0492) is a Journal published quarterly by Institut
Agama Islam Negeri (WN, The State Institute for Islamic Studies) Syarif
Hidayatullah, Jakarta, (SIT DEPPEN No. 129;SK,/DI1JEN/PPG;SIT/1976) and
sponsored by the Department of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.
It specializes in Indonesian Islamic studies, and is intended to communicate
original researches and current issues on the subject. This journal warmly
welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines.
All articles published do not necessarily represent the views of the journal, or
other institutions to which it is affiliated. They are solely the views of the authors.
Zamakhsyari Dhofier
The Role of Pesantren in
the Development of Primary
Education in Indonesia
Abstract: Pesantrens are special Indonesian Islamic educational
institutions. Having developed as a modern Islamic institutions,
pesantren, which in the past confined their roles tothe teaching of
religious knowledge, adopt both Western and national education
systems and thereby actively support the compulsory education program
started in 1984.
There was a dualism in the national education system prior to 1989.
Modern public educational institutions, which adopt Western
education in science and technology, were under the authority of the
Ministry of Education and Culture (DEPDIKBUD). Meanwhile,
religious educational institutions, including pesantren, were
administered by the Ministry of Religious Affairs (DEPAG). The
government has long attempted to solve this dualism.
From early on the government has recognized that pesantren has
played a positive role in enhancing both the spiritual and intellectual
life of the nation. Before the independence of Indonesia pesatren has
adopted some modern educational features: application of formalclassical method, providing woman with opportunities to receive
education and teaching secular knowledge. However, because of some
pesantrens' weaknesses, the government still needs to develop these
processes. The government established madrasah soon after
Independence and adopted its system into the pesantren. In order to
pursue the process of modernization of the pesantren, the government
issued a joint decision in March 1975, which included placing
DEPDIKBUD in charge ofproviding teachers of secular knowledge for
madrasah.
47
Studia Islamika 2, Vol. 1, 1994
48
Z.makhsyari Dhofier
Zamakhsyari Dhofier
Peran Pesantren dalam
Penyebarluasan Pendidikan Dasar
di Indonesia
Abstraksi: Pesantren adalah lembaga pendidikan Islam yang khas
Indonesia. Setelah berkembang menjadi lembaga pendidikan Islam
modern, sekarang pesantran merangkum peran-peran pendidikan
Islam: pendidikan yang mengunakan metode Barat dan sistem
pendidikan nasional.
Sebelum tahun 1989, terdapat dualisme dalam sistem pendidikan
nasional. Lembaga pendidikan umum modern yang mengadopsi
pendidikan Barat dalam bidang ilmu dan teknologi berada di bawah
Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (DEPDIKBUD), sementara
lembaga pendidikan agama, termasuk pesantren, berada di bawah
Departemen Agama (DEPAG). Namun sejak dini sekali sudah mulai
dipikirkan langkah-langkah untuk mengkompromikan dua pola
lembaga pendidikan ini.
Sejak awal pemerintah memang sudah melihat pesantren telah
memainkan peran positif dalam meningkatkan kualitas spiritual dan
intelektual bangsa. Akan tetapi, karena beberapa kelemahan,
pemerintah berusaha mengembangkan dan meningkatkan lembaga
pendidikan Islam yang sebenarnya sudahmembenahi diri jauh sebelum
Indonesia merdeka; memasukkan pendidikan formal-klasikal,
memberi kesempatan kepada kaum perempuan, dan memasukkan
mata pelajaran sekular. Segera setelah merdeka, pemerintah
mendirikan madrasah modern danmemasukkan sistem madrasah itu
ke dalam pesantren. Untuk mempercepat modernisasi pesantren itu,
SKB Tiga Menteri dikeluarkan pada bulan Maret 1975.
Studia Islamika Vol. I, No. 2, 1994
Dawr al-Mu'assasat al-Tarbawiyyah 49
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Studia Islamika Vol. I, No. 2, 1994
ull t.:'_,..b.;.J
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50
Zamakhsyari Dhofier
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Studia Islamika Vol. I, No. 2, 1994
60
Zamakhsyari Dhofier
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Studia Islamika Vol. /,No. 2, 1994
Daiur al-Mu'assasat al-Tarbawiyyah 61
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Dawr al-Mu 'assasat al- Tarbawiyyah
J.F.G. Brumund, Het Volkonderwijs onder de Javanen Batavia __)i.il(
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J.A. Vander Chijs, Bijdragen tot de Geschiedenis van het lnlandsch : . _)i.il
Onderwijs in Nederlands-lndie in "Tijd rscrift voor lndische taal- , Land -en Volken-
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L.W.C. van der Berg, De Mohammedaansche Geesttelijkheid en de Geestelijke Goerderen op Java en Madura in "Tijdschrift voor taal - Land-en
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Harry J. Benda , "The Cresent and the Rising Sun : Indonesia n Islam Under
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The Japanese Occupation of Java 1942-1945 , M. van Hoeve Ltd.
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" The Peasant's Revolt of Banten in 1888
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: Its
Conditions, Course and Sequel, A case Study of Movement in Indonesia" .
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Harry J. Benda, The Crescent ...........
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G. Mact. Kahin, Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia, Cornell Uni- ( V)
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Studia Islamika VoL I, No. 2, 1994
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