materials, full-time, and part-time or spare-time learning. Certified education for adults includes one- year university courses, short-term special college courses, specialized secondary schools and general
secondary schools. Noncertified education for adults includes a literacy program, the training of applied technologies in the rural areas and continuing education.
Despite the dramatic growth of adult education, some problems arose in the 1980–85 period. The Decisions of the State Education Commission Concerning the Reform and Development of Adult
Education, approved by the State Council in June 1987, clarified priorities and major tasks of adult education in the 1990s. It identified post-training, or in-service training, as the top priority item on the
adult education agenda.
3.3 Achievements during 1988–89
During the period 1988–89, the following achievements were recorded:
3.3.1 Adult higher education
Number of independent institutes of higher learning for adults: 1,333 a decrease of 66 from 1987.
Regular institutions of higher learning that run correspondence courses or night schools for adults: 634 a small increase over 1987.
Total enrollment in adult higher education: 1,741,100 a decrease of 116,800 from 1987.
3.3.2 Adult secondary education
Total number of secondary schools for adults: 56,339 an increase of 4,771 over 1987. Specialized secondary schools: 4,970 an increase of 228 over 1987.
Secondary schools: 9,837 a decrease of 3,135 from 1987. Secondary technical training schools: 41,982 an increase of 7,678 over 1987, 74.5 percent of
total secondary schools, but a slight discrepancy here in the figures. Total enrollment of adults in secondary schools: 15,411,100 an increase of 4,490,700 over
1987. Enrollment in secondary technical training schools only: 12,635,300 an increase of 5,272,700
over 1987, 82 percent of the total enrollment for secondary schools.
3.3.3 Adult primary education
Number of primary schools for adults: 214,300 an increase of 39,500 over 1987. Enrollment in adult primary schools: 19,461,100 an increase of 5,943,200 over 1987.
Participants in literacy classes: 3,955,500 an increase of 1,477,100 over 1987. Successful graduates of literacy programs: 2,000,000 an increase of 480,000 over 1987, in 1989
a 38.8 percent increase in the number of neoliterates over 1988.
3.3.4 Self-learning examination systems, higher education
Number of subjects offered: 97 an increase of 27 subjects over 1987. Recorded participants earning at least one single subject qualification certificate: 3,000,000.
Those earning diplomas from regular universities or special colleges: 400,000.
3.3.5 Specialized secondary schools
Number of subjects offered: 50. Recorded participants: 430,300.
Those earning diplomas: 64,600.
3.3.6 Training in applied technologies in rural areas
