understand the response of sea surface temperature condition at high and low abundance of green turtle nesting in Pangumbahan. High abundance of green
turtle nesting is represented by data by October 2011 and the low one is represented by April 2011. There were 191 individuals of green turtles nesting in
October 2011 and 191 individuals in April 2011UPTD Konservasi Penyu Pangumbahan, unpbublished data see Appendix 4a.
There was a highly differing pattern of sea surface temperature between the times of high and low abundance green turtle landing at Pangumbahan beach. Sea
surface temperature at the high nesting abundance period of time October 2011 was cooler than at low April 2011 see Figure 22 a-d. There was also temperature
gradient signature at the high nesting abundance period of time October 2011 while at low nesting abundance temperature was evenly distributed. During the
high nesting abundance, temperature around Pangumbahan beach was more or less even with adjacent near shore habitat. However, all this inferences was
mainly based on interpretation and speculation. To confirm these inferences, there should be a further investigation compiling green turtle migration and seawater
temperature cues by satellite telemetry. 42
Figure 22a Sea surface temperature regime around Pangumbahan beach during high nesting abundance October 2011 - day
Pangumbahan
Oct 01 - Day
43
Figure 22b Sea surface temperature regime around Pangumbahan beach during high nesting abundance October 2011 - night
Pangumbahan
Oct 01 - Night
44
Figure 22c Sea surface temperature regime around Pangumbahan beach during lowest nesting abundance April 2011 - day
Pangumbahan
Apr 01 - Day
45
Figure 22d Sea surface temperature regime around Pangumbahan beach at low nesting abundance April 2011-night
Pangumbahan
Apr 01 - Night
46
5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS
5.1. Conclusion
Abundance distribution of green turtle nesting along Pangumbahan beach was uneven. Most adult female green turtle Chelonia mydas had preferences to
land and nest at the middle part of the beach Pos 2. There was indication that topography, substrate type and fewer disturbances at this beach segment was the
factor influencing nest fidelity. Pos 2 was characterized as wide, less steep, free from creeper plant burdens, and less disturbance by human and light.
Seaturtle conservation strategy in Pangumbahan beach includes eggs relocation from natural beach into hatchery sites. All eggs were treated similarly.
A contrasting temperature and humidity pattern occurred at natural nests and artificial nests. In general, artificial nest temperature was slightly warmer than the
original nest at nature condition. The recent massive mortality event of smaller sized hatchlings at the hatchery may be attributed by this factor. Shading level at
hatchery sites influences ambient sand temperature at surface and subsurface ±10 cm depth. The unshaded area at open cage hatchery caused highest temperature
while the hatchery with asbestos roof caused cooler and more stable temperature. It is confirmed that temperature conditions of natural nests and artificial nests
were dissimilar. Based on substrate type information, we may imply that Pangumbahan was
selected as nesting beach because of its accessibility from open sea. Extensive foods are available around the shore where the potential foraging habitat is
indentified at Muara Cikarang. It supported with food availability and turtle sightings evident.
There was contrasting sea surface temperature pattern when high and low nesting green turtle abundance occurred. Sea surface temperature at period of high
nesting abundance October 2011 was cooler than at low period April 2011. The sea surface temperature was unevenly distributed at high nesting abundance
period but even at low period. During the night of high nesting abundance, there was low temperature pool around Pangumbahan and along the shore. It may be
cue for green turtle to find the nesting beach. 47
5.2. Recommendations and Future works
This study leads to some recommendation. It is strongly recommend that the UPTD Konservasi Penyu Pangumbahan alter their conservation strategy. It is best
to secure the nesting beach area completely and let the eggs to hatch naturally. Meanwhile, there are some changes should be done for hatchery management.
The relocated eggs are more advisable to be reburied at open cage hatchery. The depth of artificial nest should resemble the natural condition or at least adjusted
with the amount of eggs. Deeper depth of nest should be made for more abundant eggs so that it would not too close to surface sand. In addition, tourism activity
should be limited; it is advisable to limit not more than ten visitors during turtle watching activity at night.
It is worth to investigate the incubation temperature continuously at hatchery and natural nests and compare them. Furthermore, estimate the hatched
hatchlings sex ratio within each nest. The output will help to develop and to support seaturtle conservation strategy. Migration study is required to identify
foraging area which is also crucial to protect. 48
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