Alfian Fajri. An analysis of relative clause in george bernard shaw’s play “arms and the man”. 2007 USU e-Repository©2009
3.1.1 Relative Pronoun as Subject
Here are several examples of relative pronouns as subject that I found : i
The Serbs have Austrian Officers who are just as clever as Russians. ii A couple of shots are fired under the window; and a bullet shutters
the glass opposite Raina, who winks and gasps but stands her ground. iii I know things about Raina that would break off her match with
Sergius if
___
iv Above the heads of the bed, which stands against a little wall cutting off the left hand corner of the room, is a painted wooden shrine, blue
and gold, with an ivory image of Christ, and a light hanging before it in a pierced metal ball suspended by three chains.
v Then she goes to the chest of drawers and adores the portrait there with feelings that are beyond all expression.
vi The fugitive throws up his head with the gesture of man who sees that it is all over with him, and drop the manner he has been
assuming to intimidate Raina. vii No: you are one of the Austrians who set the Serbs on to rob us our
national liberty, and who officer their army for them.
Alfian Fajri. An analysis of relative clause in george bernard shaw’s play “arms and the man”. 2007 USU e-Repository©2009
The underlined clauses in those seven sentences above are relative clauses which are introduced by relative pronoun who, which, and that. The relative
pronoun who, which, and that in those clause functions characteristically as subject of relative clause. The underlined clauses describe and modify the noun
phrase as their antecedent in the main clause that precedes them.
The analysis of clause i:
The construction of the sentences above as follows: Sentence = an independent clause + relative clause
Relative clause = who, which, that + verb + complement Let me notice the construction above in the sentence i in the chart below:
The Serbs have Austrian Officers who are just as clever as Russians. The Serbs have Austrian Officers
= an independent clause who are just as clever as Russians
= a relative clause Who is the subject of relative clause
Clause i use the relative pronoun who. The relative pronoun who in clause i refers to human, because it describes personal antecedent Austrians Officer. The
relative clause is restrictive that do not use commas because it simply gives additional information and is not necessary to identify the noun it modifies.
The analysis of clause ii:
The construction of the sentences above as follows: Sentence = an independent clause + relative clause
Alfian Fajri. An analysis of relative clause in george bernard shaw’s play “arms and the man”. 2007 USU e-Repository©2009
Relative clause = who, which, that + verb + complement Let me notice the construction above in the sentence ii in the chart below:
A couple of shots are fired under the window; and a bullet shutters the glass opposite Raina, who winks and gasps but stands her ground.
A couple of shots are fired under the window; and a bullet shutters the glass
opposite Raina, = an independent clause
who winks and gasps but stands her ground
= a relative clause .
Who is the subject of relative clause
Clause ii use the relative pronoun who. The relative pronoun who in clause ii refers to human, because it describes personal antecedent Raina. The relative
clause is nonrestrictive that uses commas because it is necessary to identify the noun it modifies.
The analysis of clause iii:
The construction of the sentences above as follows: Sentence = an independent clause + relative clause
Relative clause = who, which, that + verb + complement Let me notice the construction above in the sentence iii in the chart below:
I know things about Raina that would break off her match with Sergius if
___
I know things about Raina = an independent clause
that would break off her match with Sergius if
___
= a relative clause
Alfian Fajri. An analysis of relative clause in george bernard shaw’s play “arms and the man”. 2007 USU e-Repository©2009
that is the subject of relative clause
Clause iii use the relative pronoun that. The relative pronoun that in clause iii refers to human, because it describes personal antecedent Raina. The relative
clause is restrictive that do not use commas because it simply gives additional information and is not necessary to identify the noun it modifies.
The analysis of clause iv:
The construction of the sentences above as follows: Sentence = an independent clause + relative clause
Relative clause = who, which, that + verb + complement Let me notice the construction above in the sentence iv in the chart below:
Above the heads of the bed, which stands against a little wall cutting off the left hand corner of the room, is a painted wooden shrine, blue and gold, with an ivory
image of Christ, and a light hanging before it in a pierced metal ball suspended by three chains.
Above the heads of the bed, is a painted wooden shrine, blue and gold, with an
ivory image of Christ, and a light hanging before it in a pierced metal ball
suspended by three chains. = an independent clause
which stands against a little wall cutting off the left hand corner of the room
= a relative clause
which is the subject of relative clause
Alfian Fajri. An analysis of relative clause in george bernard shaw’s play “arms and the man”. 2007 USU e-Repository©2009
Clause iv use the relative pronoun which. The relative pronoun which in clause iv refers to nonhuman, because it describes impersonal antecedent the
bed. The relative clause is nonrestrictive that use commas because it is necessary to identify the noun it modifies.
The analysis of clause v:
The construction of the sentences above as follows: Sentence = an independent clause + relative clause
Relative clause = who, which, that + verb + complement Let me notice the construction above in the sentence v in the chart below:
Then she goes to the chest of drawers and adores the portrait there with feelings that are beyond all expression.
Then she goes to the chest of drawers and adores the portrait there with
feelings = an independent clause
that are beyond all expression = a relative clause
. that is the subject of relative clause
Clause v use the relative pronoun that. The relative pronoun that in clause v refers to nonhuman, because it describes impersonal antecedent feelings. The
relative clause is restrictive that do not use commas because it simply gives additional information and is not necessary to identify the noun it modifies.
Alfian Fajri. An analysis of relative clause in george bernard shaw’s play “arms and the man”. 2007 USU e-Repository©2009
The analysis of clause vi:
The construction of the sentences above as follows: Sentence = an independent clause + relative clause
Relative clause = who, which, that + verb + complement Let me notice the construction above in the sentence vi in the chart below:
The fugitive throws up his head with the gesture of man who sees that it is all over with him, and drop the manner he has been assuming to intimidate Raina.
The fugitive throws up his head with the gesture of man
= an independent clause
who sees that it is all over with him, and drop the manner he has been assuming to
intimidate Raina. = a relative clause
Who is the subject of relative clause
Clause vi use the relative pronoun who. The relative pronoun who in clause vi refers to human, because it describes personal antecedent man. The relative
clause is restrictive that do not use commas because it simply gives additional information and is not necessary to identify the noun it modifies.
The analysis of clause vii:
Alfian Fajri. An analysis of relative clause in george bernard shaw’s play “arms and the man”. 2007 USU e-Repository©2009
The construction of the sentences above as follows: Sentence = an independent clause + relative clause
Relative clause = who, which, that + verb + complement Let me notice the construction above in the sentence vii in the chart below:
No: you are one of the Austrians who set the Serbs on to rob us our national liberty, and who officer their army for them.
No: you are one of the Austrians = an independent clause
who set the Serbs on to rob us our national liberty, and who officer their
army for them. = a relative clause
Who is the subject of relative clause
Clause vii use the relative pronoun who. The relative pronoun who in clause i refers to human, because it describes personal antecedent Austrians. The
relative clause is restrictive that do not use commas because it simply gives additional information and is not necessary to identify the noun it modifies.
Each relative pronouns as subject that I have found will be classified into one part of the following chart. The chart will make me easy to understand relative
pronouns both for human or non human, and restrictive or nonrestrictive.
3.1.2 Relative Pronoun as Object
Kategori