14 classroom, the teacher uses the English to have interaction with the students.
English must be introduced to make the students become familiar with the English language.
a. Students-Centered Learning
In teaching speaking especially when the teacher wants to focus on the students’ pronunciation, the learning process needs the students to be more active
to be the decision-maker. Blumberg 2004 says, “students-centered learning is an approach to teach that is increasingly being encouraged in higher education”.
Students-centered learning does not employ a single teaching method pp. 68-80. So, in teaching speaking, the students also have to participate themselves. In
traditional teaching, the center of learning process is the teacher. However, in teaching speaking, the center of the learning should be in the students. The
students have to be given more chances to participate actively in the class.
Table 2.1 Student-Centered and Teacher-Centered Continuum by Blumberg 2004 Teacher-centered learning
Student-centered learning
Low level of students’ choices High level of students’ choices
Passive students Active students
Power is primarily in the teacher Power is primarily in the students
The table shows the portion of students and teacher’s participation in class using teacher-centered learning and student-centered learning. The left column is
the teacher-centered learning column when the teacher has more chances in the classroom to speak. In teacher-centered learning, the students have low choices to
show themselves up because the teacher handles all of the activities. The students can become passive even sleepy because they just listen to the teacher’s
explanation. In a common teaching learning process, teacher often focuses on
15 what he or she does, and does not about what the students learn. This learning
process emphasizes what the instructors do often leads to the students who are passive learners and who do not take responsibility for their own learning.
Educators call this traditional method, “instructor-centered teaching.” In contrast, “learner-centered teaching” occurs when instructors focus on student learning
Blumberg, 2004. Besides, in the student-centered learning, the students have high level of
choices to be active because they can have some chances to choose or determine what they want to do in the learning process. For example, when the teacher asks
the students to make a conversation based on a situation, the students can decide what character they want to be, and it can build the students’ creativity. So, the
power is primarily in the students with the teacher’s assistance. In this study, the researcher combines those learning processes. In giving
the materials and the drilling session, the researcher uses teacher-centered learning because the researcher needs to guide the students to pronounce English words
correctly. In practicing and performing the dialogues, the researcher employs students-centered learning. It is because the researcher wants to give more
chances to the students to determine what the students want to be in the dialogues.
b. Speaking for Communication
