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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
A. Literature Review
The researcher analyzes the Maxim Flouting that occurred in The Simpsons TV Series
. Some theoretical materials needed to strengthen the data analysis and clarify the data analysis’ process. The subjects needed to explore are explained
below.
1. Pragmatics
The study of pragmatics is related to the data analysis that is done. According to Yule, pragmatics is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a
speaker or writer and interpreted by listener or reader. It has consequently, more to do with the analysis of what people mean by their utterances than what
the words or phrases in those utterances might mean by themselves. Pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning. There are six topics under the Pragmatics, i.e.
Deixis, Politeness, Speech Act, Presupposition, Implicature and Cooperative Principle.
The first topic in pragmatics is deixis. Deixis is a technical term from Greek for one of the most basic things speakers do with utterances. It means “pointing”
via language. Any linguistic form used to accomplish this “pointing” is called a deictic expression. When speaker notice a strange object an
d ask, “What’s that?”, the speaker is using a deictic expression ‘that’ to indicate something in the
immediate context Yule, 1998: 9.
Another topic under pragmatics is politeness. It is possible to treat politeness as a fixed concept, as in the idea of
‘polite social behavior’, or etiquette, within a culture. It is also possible to specify a number of different general principles for
being polite in social interaction within a particular culture, some of toward others. It can be seen in an example.
1 a. Excuse me, Mr. Buckingham, but can I talk to you for a minute? b. Hey, Bucky, got a minute?
The first type might be found in a student’s question to his teacher, shown as 1a, and a second type in the friend’s question to the same individual, as in 1b.
The third topic under pragmatics is speech acts. Speech acts is the part that takes part in the writer’s attention linguistically. The researcher also follows some
meaning of speech acts to understand the exact meaning contained in the conversations in the film. David Nunan stated that speech acts are simply things
people do through language or example apologizing, complaining, instructing, agreeing, and warning. The same description stated by Yule, actions performed
via utterances generally called as speech acts. Austin 1962 in Chaika also stressed the function of speech as a way of ‘doing thing so’.
To know the interpretation of the utterances as performed in particular speech acts, speakers have to know the speech events.
“The speaker normally expects that his or her communication will be recognized by the hearer. Both the speaker and hearer are usually helped in
this process by the circumstances surrounding the utterances, are called
speech event.” Yule 1998: 47
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