Previous Research LITERATURE REVIEW

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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Previous Research

Martinez et al. 2009 express that sustainability is a key challenge in present-day production. Therefore, the company strategy is play a significant role in providing more feasible system to support the sustainable production, i.e. more environmental-friendly. Clean environment is one of the key factors needed by companies, especially the air. To reach the clean environment needs a good cleaning system, like application of cleaner machine at production floor. The textile industry is one of the most productive and active sectors of Asia, with a high level of export and high added value. In the framework of improvement of the production process and the quality of products, the capability for rational use of resources and selection of optimized production process plays a significant role. “Moreover, the capability to select and apply environmentally optimized process, which minimize the pollution of the environment is a key factor of efficiency” Metaxiotis, 2004. Environmental legislation and its enforcement have undoubtedly forced the textile industry to be rather cautions in selecting the appropriate processes and equipment. “The most efficient, economic and minimal pollution processing method will be increasingly demanded throughout the 1990s” Metaxiotis, 2004. In current days, many companies perform improvement to their business strategy to avoid losing competition with other companies by application of SWOT analysis. After analyzing external environmental opportunities and threats, and assessing firm strengths and weaknesses, enterprises typically develop new product development strategies that maximize their own benefit. “New product development is closely related to product design activities” Marxt and Hacklin, 2005. Also Booker et al. 2005 stated that effective product development is key to enterprise survival and maintaining competition advantage, it means that product developmentimprovement with particular purposes can give the competitive advantage to the company, such as win the market, win the technology, and finally win competition with other competitors. Nevertheless a good design must meet the goals established in product development strategies and follow appropriate product design procedures Barczak et al. 2007. 5 “Integrating product design management with ISO 14001 Environmental Management System can be promising way to fulfill a corporate strategic goal on the triple bottom line, economic, environmental, and social” Yang, 2005. According to Yang 2005 already clearly explained that integrate between product design management with environmental management system is an important aspect, it means that the good environmental condition is one of the company success factor, such as clean air, clean water, and clean production floor. Good environmental condition also give impact to the economic aspect, for example in the yarn company, the air cleanliness affect to the quality of yarn, clean air means good yarn, more good yarn will attract the customers, finally sales will be increased and profit will be high. Therefore many of companies do the product design or improvement to achieve those objectives, for example design for productmachine to make or keep the environment clean. Additionally, many researchers have demonstrated that the design process is an important resource for enterprises, “an important mechanism for integrating product development functions and a crucial loop in the overall value chain” Gemser and Leenders, 2001 and Sheldon, 2004. This research will be conducted at PT. Kusumaputra Santosa to help the company reduce dust level in the air at production floor especially for spinning work center. The high level of dust in the air is not good for the quality of yarn, make the yarn surface rough, that is why need a feasible dust cleaner machine to reduce the dust level in the air. This paper will show about the design improvement of dust cleaner machine at spinning work center. This design improvement has the goal to reduce the dust level in the air at spinning work center optimally. The comparison between previous research and present research shown in table below: 6 Table 2.1 The Comparison between Previous Researches with Current Research Author Title Objective Martinez et al. 2009 An Assessment Method and Design Support System for Designing Sustainable Machine Tools This paper addresses the machine tool industry and proposes specific tools and methods to enable sustainable design of future machine tools, as an enabler for sustainable manufacturing. The main contributions of this paper are a machine tool sustainability index MTSI for assessing the sustainability of machine tools and a design support system DSS for assisting designers in building more sustainable machine tools. Metaxiotis, 2004 RECOT: An Expert System for the Reduction of Environmental Cost in the Textile Industry This paper presents such an expert system, designed and implemented in four stages: formal description of the key factors that affect the dyeing process in the textile industry, development of models for the representation of relevant information, development of models for the representation of knowledge and integration of the above-mentioned models in a unified information system that supports the decision-making process in the management of textile enterprises. Marxt, C. and Hacklin, F., 2005 Design, Product Development, Innovation: all the same in the end? A Short Discussion on Terminology. This paper tries to broaden the view on what “design” means. Additionally, the paper highlights the accordance and differences between the terms design, product development and innovation, and attempts to derive implications for organizing research practice in such a broader context. 6 7 Table 2.1. Continued Author Title Objective Booker, J.D., Swift, K.G., and Brown, N.J., 2005 Designing for Assembly Quality: strategies, guidelines and techniques This paper reviews the current assembly-orientated design techniques available to detect potential quality problems and identifies the key issues relating to assembly quality, including the relationship between the components, operations and assembly technologies used. Yang, 2005 Managing Sustainable Product Design by Integrating Corporate Product Development Practice with ISO14001 Environmental Management Systems By focusing on the process of managing product development toward corporate sustainable development policy in manufacturing firms, the dissertation advances the first integration management theory and discovers that, to be effective and comprehensive, corporate integration management of SPD with ISO14001 EMSs should be implemented in four levels: policy integration, organization integration, process integration, and tool integration. The dissertation further develops relevant models to formalize corporate SPD and management activities. Together, these findings form the basis for developing guidelines for the integration management of SPD with ISO14001 EMS and contribute to the new paradigm for corporate sustainable innovation management. 7 8 Table 2.1. Continued Author Title Objective Barczak, G., Sultan, F., and Hultink, E.J., 2007 Determinants of IT Usage and New Product Performance. To investigate the relationship of IT usage and new product performance NPP success. Gemser, G. and Leenders, M.A.A.M., 2001 How Integrating Industrial Design in the Product Development Process Impacts on Company Performance This article sheds more light on how and when integrating industrial design in the product development process can enhance a company’s competitive position. The basic premise is that the impact of industrial design on company performance is not unconditional, but dependent on industry evolution and design strategy. Sheldon, D.F., 2004 A Review on the Relevance of Design Science in a Global Product Development Arena This paper reviews the state of the art of academic design research over the past decade and explores the relationship of present academic activities to that of a product development scenario within the wider global industry practices. 8 9 Table 2.1. Continued Author Title Objective Firmansyah, 2013 Improving Dust Cleaning System to Decrease Air Contamination at Spinning Work Center at PT Kusumaputra Santosa This research has goal to providing proposals about design improvement of dust cleaner machine by adding appropriate number of exhaust system to maximize the ability of absorbing the dust in order to help PT. Kusumaputra Santosa clean the air condition around spinning work center. Hope that the new design of dust cleaner machine can absorb the dust optimally, then the air condition is clean and product that not standard can be reduced, because of that the production time at finishing work center can be reduced, then bottleneck problem can be solved, finally product can be finished on time based on production planning. 9 10 2.2. Theoretical Approach 2.2.1. Understanding of Design