iv
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstrak i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgement iii
Table of Content iv-vii
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix-x
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction
1-4 1.2
Aim and Objectives of research work 4
1.3 Scope of the report
5 1.4
Gantt Chart of the Report 6
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 Piping system
7 2.2
Design of the piping system 9
2.2.1 Detailed Part Drawing 10
2.2.1.1 Part 1A 10
2.2.1.2 Part 1B 11
2.2.1.3 Part 2A 12
2.2.1.4 Part 2B 13
2.2.1.5 Part 3A 14
2.2.1.6 Part 3B 15
2.2.2 Pipe Size 16
2.2.3 Component of Pipe System 17
2.2.3.1 Joints 17
2.2.3.2 Flange 18
2.2.3.3 Valve 19
2.2.3.4 Bolting 20
v 2.3 Piping Material
21 2.3.1 Plastic Pipe Material
21 2.3.1.1 Polytetrafluorethylene PTFE Teflon Material
23 2.3.1.2 Preparation of PTFE Monomer
23 2.3.1.3 Structure and Properties of PTFE Material
24-26 2.3.1.4 Processing of PTFE Material
27 2.3.1.5 Application of PTFE Material
28 2.3.2 Metallic Pipe
28 2.3.2.1 Low Carbon Steel CS Mild Steel Pipe
29 2.3.3 Component Selection Criteria of Piping
30 2.3.3.1 Corrosion
30 2.3.3.2 Availability
31 2.3.3.3 Physical Strength
31 2.3.3.4 Fatigue Behaviour
32 2.3.3.5 Aging and Long Term Degradation
32 2.3.3.6 Acoustic Transmission
32 2.3.3.7 Abrasion
32 2.3.3.8 Permeability
33 2.3.3.9 Leeching
33 2.3.3.10 Elevated Temperature Considerations
33 2.3.3.11 Long Term Hydrostatic Strength
34 2.3.3.12 Corrosion Resistance
34 2.2.3.13 Stress
35 2.4 Fabrication of Pipe
36 2.4.1 Turning
36 2.4.1.1 Cutting condition in turning
37 2.4.1.2 Operation in turning
37 2.4.2 Threading
38 2.4.2.1 Thread Basic
38 2.4.2.2 Thread Cutting
39 2.4.2.3 Tap and Die
39 2.4.2.4 Single Point Thread
40 2.4.3 Hydraulic Pressing
40
vi 2.4.4 Machining and Finishing of Pipe
41 2.5 Manufacturing Cost
42 2.5.1 Direct Cost
42 2.5.2 Indirect Cost
43
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 44
3.0 Introduction of methodology 44
3.1 Fabrication of Joining parts for piping system 44
3.1.1 Fabrication Process Flow 45
3.1.2 Preparing the equipment and instrument 46
3.1.2.1 Vernier Calliper 46
3.1.2.2 Ruler 46
3.1.2.3 Measuring Tape 47
3.1.2.4 Sand paper 47
3.1.3 Preparing machine and tool specification 48
3.1.3.1 Lathe machine 48
3.1.3.2 Hydraulic Press machine 49
3.1.3.3 Bandsaw machine 49
3.1.4 Design and Dimension of fabricated pipe 50-52
3.1.5 Part Preparation 53
3.1.6 Material Preparation 54-55
3.1.7 Original Part Dimension recorded 56-57
3.1.8 Part 2B machining 58-63
3.1.9 Part 3A machining 63
3.1.10 Part 3B machining 65
3.1.11 Part 1A machining 65- 66
3.1.12 Threading Process 67
3.1.13 Assembly Process 68
3.1.10 Analysis of new product 68
3.1.10.1 Design 68
3.1.10.2 Properties 69
3.1.10.3 Manufacturing Cost 69
vii
CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 70
