Background of the Study

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Western society has already expanded their invasion of knowledge, information, and entertainment in multimedia those are coming in form of TV programs, videos, songs, and movies that have an original language and culture. Movie which is as one of the entertainment and also become the communication tools because movies are transfering ideas and might be one of the information sources which has extended influence. In this modern era, film industry has recently become an extremely popular media to gather the audience. The film industry not only produces movies which has a good quality, but also faced a translation problem since only small percentage of the world’s population understood English. When faced a translation problem, translator is important thing to solve translation problem. Translator is a person who translates written messages from one language to another. To conduct a translation is not an easy thing to do. When translating in every text, the translator has some rules. They not only just transfer the idea from the source language to the target language but they also should establish an equivalent translation from English to Indonesian since they have different system and structure, consequently, a growing need to find appropriate screen translation approaches Audiovisual Translation. 1 Audiovisual Translation AVT is majoring into subtitle and dubbing. Each of them interferes with the original text to a different extent. Dubbing is replacing the original voice soundtrack with another voice in another language. It is the methods which the foreign dialogue is adjusted to the mouth and movements of the actor in the film and its aim is seen as making the audience feel as if they are listening to actors actually speaking the target language. On the other hand, subtitling is defined as supplementing the original voice soundtrack by adding written text on screen OConnell 2000: 169. One of the ways to translate the foreign film and television program is subtitling. Subtitling is textual versions of the dialogue which is not in films only, but also in television programs. Subtitling is very important in the film, because subtitling has given many contributions. They are usually displayed at the bottom of the screen. Through subtitling, the audience of the foreign film can enjoy the film by reading the translated text on the bottom of screen without ambiguous thinking. One might say that subtitling is more authentic, since it does not hide the original sound. As the major methods of translating films, subtitling involves the least interference with the original. In the other words, therefore, it contributes to experience the flavor of the foreign language. Subtitling is a way to translate the foreign film without tampering the original soundtrack and dialogues, as is the case in dubbing. Translating subtitle texts, utterances or conversation in a film appeared on screen is not an easy task for the translators. Hatim and Mason in Venuti 2000 in Politeness in Screen Translating state that there are four kinds of difficulties working on subtitling. The first one is the shift in mode from speech to writing. The second is the factor which governs the medium or channel in which meaning is to be conveyed. The third one is the reduction of the source text as a consequence of 2 above and last but not least is the requirement of matching the visual image. Besides that, there are some constraints of subtitle that must be obeyed. Gottlieb 1992:164 discusses in different terminology, what he calls the formal quantitative and textual qualitative constraint of subtitling. Textual constraints are those imposed on the subtitles by the visual context of the film, whereas formal constraints are the space factor a maximum of two lines are allowed, with approximately 35 characters per line and the time factor. The time factor in particular, plays a pivotal role in the decisions translators have to make, although traditionally five to six seconds have been considered to be sufficient for reading a two- line sentence. Traditionally, there existed two types of subtitles, there are interlingual subtitles, which imply transfer from a SL to a TL, and intralingual subtitles, for which there is no change of language Díaz Cintas, 2003. In interlingual subtitles, a translator can apply some strategies in translating the source language SL subtitle into the target language TL. According to Gottlieb 1992: 166 the subtitle strategies that can be applied are expansion, paraphrase, transfer, imitation, transcription, dislocation, condensation, decimation, deletion, and resignation. The translator uses one of the strategies based on the needs. There are many films which include subtitles from other countries can be watched by the people in Indonesia. One of them is the film entitled ‘Real Steel’. The movie was directed by Shawn Levy and produced by Shawn Levy, Susan Montford and Don Murphy. Starring by Hugh Jackman, Dakota Goyo, Evangeline Lilly. This film produced in the United States and was distributed by DreamWorks SKG, theatrical released on July 10, 2005 and DVD released on January 1, 2012. This film is chosen because the movie is one of popular movies. It is populer movie because it is watched by billion people around the world. Moreover, this film was choosen by researcher because this film won the BMI Film Music Awards 2012 as a film music’s category, and also won the Best Performance in a Feature Film - Leading Young Actor in Young Artist Award 2012. Besides that, “Real Steel” nominated in the Academy Awards 2012 for Best Achievement in Visual Effects. Then, this film also nominated in Satun Awards 2012 as Best Performance by a Younger Actor, and last nominated in Golden Trailer Awards 2012 for Most Original TV Spot’s category. The movies story is not from the future but from the past. “Real Steel” imagines in 2020 where boxing is no longer fought by humans, but they have been replaced by robots. The former boxer Charlie Kenton drives his truck to promote fights with his robot Ambush. When he has just lost a fight, he is summoned to a hearing and forced to take care of his unknown eleven year-old son Max Kenton since his mother has passed away. Charlie loses another fight with the Noisy Boy robot that his girlfriend Bailey Tallet has just bought and he goes with Max to a junkyard to collect parts of robots to build a new one. However, Max finds an old sparring robot named Atom and Charlie teaches him how to box. Atom becomes a winner and Max and Charlie become closer to each other. However, Charlie has an agreement to deliver Max to his aunt and her wealthy husband.

1.2 Statement of the Problem