Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership 22
Tabora 140
101 73
236 166
116 Tanga
112 106
100 187
176 166
Source: Health Statistics Abstract, 1997.
Table 6.6 shows that rural areas have considerably higher infant mortality rate and under five mortality rates than urban areas
.
Table 6.6. Urban and rural infant mortality rate and under five mortality rate by coastal region, 1988
Infant Mortality Rate Under Five Mortality Rate
Region Rural
Urban Rural
Urban
Mtwara 143
108 241
180 Lindi
143 121
241 204
Coast 115
104 193
172 Dar es Salaam
121 103
203 169
Tanga 109
89 182
144
Source: Population Census, 1988.
6.2 Sanitation
The availability of toilet facilities is an important aspect in health and environmental sanitation. Table 6.7 shows the distribution of toilet facilities in private households. The table
shows that pit latrines are most common, access to flush toilets is much higher in urban than in rural areas, and the percentage of households without any toilet facilities is high in rural coastal
regions 15-23 percent depending on the region. Particularly in coastal communities, there is a high percentage of households without any toilet facilities.
Table 6.7. Type of toilet facility by region percentage of households, 1988 census
Rural Urban
Region Flush
Pit Latrine None
Flush Pit Latrines
None
Dodoma 0.6
81.0 18.2
16.5 78.6
4.2 Arusha
1.2 65.9
32.8 18.4
79.5 2.0
Kilimanjaro 2.7
92.5 4.5
24.4 71.3
4.3 Tanga
0.8 80.8
18.3 16.2
79.2 4.5
Morogoro 1.3
88.6 9.5
12.7 84.8
2.5 Coast
0.9 76.1
23.0 4.8
88.3 6.7
Dar es Salaam 3.8
80.9 15.2
15.9 83.1
1.0 Lindi
0.6 77.2
22.2 4.7
85.0 10.3
Mtwara 1.0
84.2 14.8
7.4 86.1
6.6 Ruvuma
1.3 95.4
3.2 4.0
94.7 1.3
Iringa 0.9
97.1 2.0
4.0 94.9
1.1 Mbeya
1.4 94.3
4.4 6.1
91.8 2.1
Tabora 0.7
91.9 7.4
9.1 89.5
1.5 Rukwa
0.5 73.2
26.3 4.2
92.4 3.4
Kagera 0.5
86.6 12.9
13.0 81.4
5.7 Singida
0.9 78.6
20.5 7.0
87.6 5.5
Kigoma 0.7
94.1 5.2
5.3 91.9
2.8 Shinyanga
1.0 84.3
14.7 16.1
79.4 4.6
Mwanza 0.6
86.9 12.4
11.9 80.7
7.3 Mara
0.8 76.0
23.2 9.0
85.0 6.0
Source: Population Census, 1988.
6.3 Nutrition
The percentage of children underweight is another indicator of poverty and is related to school enrollment and education. The national average of children underweight below 80
percent of normal weight is nine percent. The average in coastal regions varies from 3 percent Dar es Salaam to 22 percent Mtwara. Lindi, Mtwara and Coast are among the regions
with the highest percentage of children underweight Table 6.8.
Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership 23
Table 6.8. Nutrition status of children by region, 1995
Children Undernutrition Weight as percent of normal
Region Number weighed
60 60-80
Total Percent
Underweight
Lindi 22,779
868 1,932
2,800 12
Arusha 68,418
709 2,845
3,554 5
Dar es Salaam 50,370
435 1,206
1,641 3
Dodoma 52,957
500 1,686
2,186 4
Iringa 45,459
847 8,083
8,930 20
Kagera 60,417
1,002 4,606
5,608 9
Kigoma 42,408
1,392 5,227
6,619 16
Kilimanjaro 42,903
211 968
1,179 3
Mbeya 84,231
1,528 10,062
11,590 14
Mara 45,944
651 1,918
2,569 6
Morogoro 51,329
1,045 3,215
4,260 8
Mtwara 23,127
850 4,138
4,988 22
Mwanza 89,166
1,416 4,648
6,064 7
Coast 22,934
734 2,607
3,341 15
Rukwa 33,454
876 3,611
4,487 13
Ruvuma 26,630
646 2,599
3,245 12
Shinyanga 74,715
559 2,244
2,803 4
Singida 31,254
376 1,276
1,652 5
Tabora 45,648
431 1,734
2,165 5
Tanga 54,006
701 2,060
2,761 5
Total 968,149
15,777 66,665
82,442 9
Source: Health Statistics Abstract, 1997.
6.4 Education
