| 809
teachers and students, they have job task to coordinate if emergencies happen.
3.1.1. Volcanic Eruption
Volcanoes can produce ash, toxic gases, flashfloods of hot water and debris called lahars,
lava flows, and fast-moving flows of hot gases and debris called pyroclastic flows. Some dangers from
volcanoes can be predicted ahead of time while others may occur with little or no notice after an
eruption Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014. Based on research, educating the
local community about the importance of early evacuation during a disaster of volcanic eruption is
the weakness point of the local government in Yogyakarta Binta A, 2012. In Surakarta, the
effect of volcanic eruption is volcanic ash that covered area of Surakarta. To face this
emergencies of volcanic eruption, the school can implemented the tips from BNPB Yogyakarta and
International Volcanic Health Hazard Network. Horwell C. 2015
1 All students do not panic, keep calm
2 Remain to the school indoors, If students are
in outdoors, seek shelter, eg buildings and cars 3
Use a mask, handkerchief or your clothes for cover mouth and nose
4. If the volcanic ash warnings broadcast before ash, the students suggest go to their
home 5. Prioritize the use of your phone to call if any
emergencies or accident 6. Do not use contact lenses because it would
lead to corneal damage 7. If there are ashes in the water, let it settle
first. 8. Use water that is clean and not muddy.
9. If there is a lot of ash in the tendon of water, do not use this water for a washing machine
or foods 10. Water contaminated with volcanic ash can
cause health risks, so beware on it
3.1.2. Floods
There are 2 steps that should be implemented to face the floods in junior high school of Surakarta
1. Early warning
This step is necessary to alert the students about the disaster that would occur before the flood
event came to their schools. Early warning is communicated to all prospective victims, especially
to the students that have potentially affected by the floods. The tools that can be applied in early
warning of floods are mosque toa, gong or school alarm that can be the first warning the flood was
coming
2. When disasters comes
To face the floods, the students must be trained and simulated in technique of evacuation.
After the bell ringing, the students must go to safe place or called assembly point until the aider comes
to rescue the student, the ERTs call police department, hospital, fire department, national
board of disaster to ask help for evacuation and medication. Before that, the teacher must providing
the buoys or tires that can be used to help the students that snared in school when flood was
coming. The number that can be dialed is 110112 for police department, ambulance and rescue at
118, fire department 113, medical emergencies 119, 115 for SAR and evacuation Angloinfo, 2015
3.1.3. Earthquake
1. Practice Drills
Although earthquakes
are mainly
concentrated in zones close to boundaries of tectonic plates of the Earths lithosphere, infrequent
events away from the main seismic regions can cause major disasters. The major cause of damage
and injury following earthquakes is elastic vibration, rather than fault displacement. This
vibration at a particular site will depend not only on the size and distance of the earthquake but also on
the local soil conditions R.D. Adams, 1990. By planning and practicing what to do if an earthquake
strikes, the students can learn to react correctly and automatically when the shaking begins. During an
earthquake, most deaths and injuries are caused by collapsing building materials and heavy falling
objects, such as bookcases, cabinets, and heating units. Learn the safe spots in each room in schools.
Participating in an earthquake drill will help the students understand what to do in case you are not
with them during an earthquake Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014. The main point if
earthquake happen is not try to move but immediately protect yourself as best as possible
where you are in school building. Earthquakes occur without any warning and may be so violent
that the students cannot run or crawl. The technique that can implemented is Drop, Cover, and Hold On
immediately Earthquake Country Alliance, 2015
2. DROP to the ground. During a large
Kategori