THE EFFECT OF APPLYING PAIRS CHECK TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT.
THE EFFECT OF APPLYING PAIRS CHECK TECHNIQUE
ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING
HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts,
State University of Medan, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of SarjanaPendidikan
By:
DIAN WERDHYATI BR BANGUN
Registration Number 2101121012
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
ABSTRACT
Bangun, Dian Werdhyati. 2101121012. The Effect of Applying Pairs Check
Technique on the Students’ Achievement in Writing Hortatory Exposition
Text. A Thesis: English Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts, State
University of Medan. 2015.
This study was conducted in order to know the effect of applying Pairs Check
technique on students’ achievement in writing hortatory exposition text. It was
experimental research. The population of the research was XI grade in the second
semester at SMA Swasta Teladan Indrapura, Academic Year 2014/2015. Two
classes were choosen as the sample and were divided into two groups,
experimental group and control group.The experimental group was taught by
applying Pairs Check technique and the control group was given no treatment.
The instrument used to collect the data was writing essay test. To obtain the
reliability was 0,66.It means the test was substantially reliable. The data were
analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the average scores of
the students in the experimental group was significantly higher than the average
scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant ɑ= 0,05 with
the degree of freedom (df) 68 with t-observed 2,230 > t-table value 1,669. The
findings indicated that applying Pairs Check technique significantly affected the
students’ achievement in writing hortatory exposition text.
Keywords: Pairs Check Technique, writing hortatory text
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all the writer would like to express her praises to Jesus Christ, the
Almighty God source of all the livings. Because of His great love and blessing,
the writer could do and finally complete this thesis.
This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements for the degree of
SarjanaPendidikan (S-1) at the English Department, Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
During the process of writing, the writer realizes that she can not
accomplish without God blessings and supporting from many people, therefore
the writer would like to express her sincere gratitude to:
1. Prof. Dr. IbnuHajarDamanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
2. Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
3. Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd.,the Head of English Department and as a
her thesis reviewer.
Dra.MasitowarniSiregar, M.Ed., the Head of English Education
Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan and
as a her thesis reviewer.
4. Dr. I Wayan Dirgayasa Tangkas, M. Hum., as her Thesis Supervisor.
5. All the Lecturers of English Department who gave taught, guided, and
advised her throughout the academic years.
6. Eis Sri Wahyuningsih, S.P.d, M.Pd., as the administration staff of
English Department, for her attention, assistance, and information in
completing this thesis.
7. The writer sincerely thanks to her Dad, Teger Bangun, thank you for
wonderful love and being irreplaceable man, and Mom, Tima Br Ginting,
S.Pd for being the real angel and the best woman. The writer’s special
gratitude also goes to her dearest sisters and brother, Wira Verina Br
Bangun, Egia Nitha Victoria Br Bangun and Hendi Despion
Bangun.And also for all family.
8. The Headmaster of SMA Swasta Teladan Indrapura, Ahmad Indra
Gunawan, S.Pd., his permission and opportunities in allowing the writer
to do observation and to collect data.
9. Her best friends, Ingrid Laurensia Simanungkalit, S.Pd, Melda Ratna Sari
Sibarani, Rizky Atika, S.Pd , Viviana Melina Simanjuntak, S.Pd,
K’Bintang Batee, S.Pd, K’ Jenika Sidabutar, S.S, K’Juliana Siallagan,S.S,
Junior Simanullang, S.Pd, Lesna Damanik,S.Pd, Soly Sinaga, S.Pd, Dahlia
Siburian, S.Pd, Bang Randy Aditya Hutabarat, S.Pd.
10. Especially thanks to her close friend, Sovian Sianturi, S.Pd for his advice,
motivation and prayer.
11. Thanks to students of English Department (2010), especially ReAction,
PPLT METODIST BERASTAGI 2013, and all people that can not be
mentioned one by one for their care, support, prayer and love.
ii
The writer realizes that this thesis still has the paucity, he conveniently
welcomes any suggestions, comments critics, and advices that will improve
the quality of this thesis. She hopes that this thesis would be useful for those
who are read and interested in field of this study.
Medan, Maret 2015
The Writer,
Dian Werdhyati Br Bangun
NIM. 2101121012
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 1
A. The Background of the Study.......................................................................1
B. The Problem of the Study.............................................................................4
C. The Objective of the Study ..........................................................................4
D. The Scope of the Study ...............................................................................4
E. The Significance of the Study .....................................................................5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .....................................................6
A. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................6
1. Writing ....................................................................................................6
a. The Writing Process ...........................................................................7
b. The Features of Effective Writing .....................................................9
2. Genre .....................................................................................................10
a. Genre in Writing ..............................................................................10
b. Structure of Genre ............................................................................11
c. Types of Genre .................................................................................12
3. Hortatory Exposition Text ......................................................................12
a. The Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition ................................13
b. The Lexicogrammatical Features of Hortatory
Exposition Text .................................................................................14
c. The Example of Hortatory Exposition ..............................................14
4. Technique ...............................................................................................15
a. Pairs Check Technique .....................................................................16
b. The Process of Pairs Check Technique ............................................17
5. Writing Assessment ...............................................................................18
B. Conceptual Framework .............................................................................21
C. Hypothesis .................................................................................................22
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ...........................................................23
A. Research Method .......................................................................23
B. Research Design ........................................................................23
C. Population and Sample .............................................................23
D. The Instrument of Collecting Data ...........................................24
E. The Procedure of Conducting Research ...................................24
1. Pre-Test ..............................................................................24
2. Treatment ............................................................................24
3. Post-Test .............................................................................26
iv
F. The Validity and Reliability of the Test ....................................26
1. The Validity of the Test ......................................................26
2. The Reliability of the Test ..................................................26
F. Technique of Analyzing Data ...................................................28
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS ............. 29
A. The Data ............................................................................................... 29
B. Data Analysis ....................................................................................... 31
1. Testing Reliability of the Test ........................................................ 31
2. Normality Test................................................................................ 31
3. Test for Homogeneity of Varience ................................................. 32
4.Data Analysis by Using T-Test Formula......................................... 36
C. Testing Hypothesis ...................................................................... 37
D. Research Finding .................................................................................. 38
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION .................................. 39
A. Conclusion ............................................................................................ 39
B. Suggestions ........................................................................................... 39
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................41
v
LIST OF TABLES
Tables
Page
Table 1.1.The Students Accumulated Score of Grade XI ..................................2
Table 2.2.Text Analysis ....................................................................................14
Table 2.3.The Step of Pairs Check Technique ..................................................18
Table 2.4.Jacob’s Scoring .................................................................................19
Table 3.1. Research Design ...............................................................................23
Table 3.2. Teaching Procedure of Experimental Group ...................................25
Table 4.1. Students’ Achievement Score in pre-test and post-test ....................30
Table 4.2. Test for Homogeneity of Variance...................................................31
vi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices
Page
Appendix A: Lesson Plan in Control Group ..........................................................43
Appendix B: Lesson Plan in Experimental Group ...............................................109
Appendix C: The Score of Pre-Test and Post-Testby the Students of Experimental
Group.............................................................................................110
Appendix D: The Score of Pre-Test and Post-Testby the Students of Control
Group.............................................................................................111
Appendix E:The Calculation of t-test in Experimental Group...........................113
Appendix F: The Calculation of t-test in ControlGroup....................................115
Appendix G: The Calculation of t-test................................................................116
Appendix H: Percentage Point of Distibution.....................................................117
Appendix I:The Reliability of The Test..............................................................119
Appendix J: Test for Homogeneity of Variance of Pre-test in Experimental
and Control Group..........................................................................121
Appendix K: Test for Homogeneity of Variance of Post-test in Experimental
and Control Group.........................................................................123
Appendix L: Test for Distribution of Frequency in Experimental Group...........127
Appendix M: Test for Distribution of Frequency in Control Group...................131
Appendix N: Testing Normality..........................................................................135
Appendix O: Testing Normality of Pre-test in Control Group............................139
Apenndix P: The Calculation of the Mean (M) and The Standard
Deviation (SD)...............................................................................143
vii
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
The Background of the Study
Writing is one of the basic skills in English which must be mastered well
because writing in learning English holds an important role in daily
communication. People write from simple one to complex one. It is also one of
the most important skills that can improve students’ achievement in learning
foreign language. As one of the basic language skills, writing has a very complex
process. Therefore writing is not easy as some people think. Harmer (2004: 86)
states that writing is a process and that we write is often heavily influenced
by constraints of genres, then these elements have to be presented in learning
activities. Writing is considered as the most difficult and complicated language
skill to learn compared to other language skills (Widiati&Cahyono, 2006: 139) .
From the statements above, the writer can conclude that writing is a process of
producing some ideas, critical thinking,opinion and arguments into a piece of
paper.
The written productive language skill is called writing. It means that
producing written messages that can be a tool of communication for one to
another. By writing, the students can express their knowledge, messages, feeling,
ideas, comments, critics and information to the readers. The knowledge, message,
feeling, ideas, comments, critics and informationcan
affect
the
readers’
understanding and acceptance of the message from the writing materials as stated
by Harmer (2004: 44). In addition, writing has some aspects: the mechanics of
2
writing (such as punctuation and spelling ), grammar and vocabulary which the
major points in writing.
In syllabus of curriculum 2013 on IIthgrade of senior high school are
expected to be able to comprehend writing hortatory exposition text. This
expectation in new curricullum is based on the soft skill and hard kill. So, it is not
only for the students’ intelligence, but also in soft skill and hard skill.
Based on the writer’s preliminary observation conducted in SMA
SwastaTeladanIndrapura, the writer found that most of the student of SMA
SwastaTeladanIndrapura have not mastered hortatory exposition text. The student
are difficult to transfer their arguments in writing the text because of lack of
information about the topic. So it is the reason that the student can not write
hortatory exposition text well. It was proven when the writer asked for the list of
students score (DKN/ daftarnilaisiswa) for writing tests in two semesters, many
students could not pass. The minimum criterion Mastery ( kriteriaketuntasan
minimum/ KKM) applied by the school in English subject. Their DKN in two
semesters are, as follow ;
Table 1.1 The Students Accumulated Score of Grade XI
Semester
1st Semester 2013/2014
2nd Semester 2013/2014
Score
Students
Percentage
Mean
ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING
HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts,
State University of Medan, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of SarjanaPendidikan
By:
DIAN WERDHYATI BR BANGUN
Registration Number 2101121012
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
ABSTRACT
Bangun, Dian Werdhyati. 2101121012. The Effect of Applying Pairs Check
Technique on the Students’ Achievement in Writing Hortatory Exposition
Text. A Thesis: English Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts, State
University of Medan. 2015.
This study was conducted in order to know the effect of applying Pairs Check
technique on students’ achievement in writing hortatory exposition text. It was
experimental research. The population of the research was XI grade in the second
semester at SMA Swasta Teladan Indrapura, Academic Year 2014/2015. Two
classes were choosen as the sample and were divided into two groups,
experimental group and control group.The experimental group was taught by
applying Pairs Check technique and the control group was given no treatment.
The instrument used to collect the data was writing essay test. To obtain the
reliability was 0,66.It means the test was substantially reliable. The data were
analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the average scores of
the students in the experimental group was significantly higher than the average
scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant ɑ= 0,05 with
the degree of freedom (df) 68 with t-observed 2,230 > t-table value 1,669. The
findings indicated that applying Pairs Check technique significantly affected the
students’ achievement in writing hortatory exposition text.
Keywords: Pairs Check Technique, writing hortatory text
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all the writer would like to express her praises to Jesus Christ, the
Almighty God source of all the livings. Because of His great love and blessing,
the writer could do and finally complete this thesis.
This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements for the degree of
SarjanaPendidikan (S-1) at the English Department, Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
During the process of writing, the writer realizes that she can not
accomplish without God blessings and supporting from many people, therefore
the writer would like to express her sincere gratitude to:
1. Prof. Dr. IbnuHajarDamanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
2. Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
3. Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd.,the Head of English Department and as a
her thesis reviewer.
Dra.MasitowarniSiregar, M.Ed., the Head of English Education
Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan and
as a her thesis reviewer.
4. Dr. I Wayan Dirgayasa Tangkas, M. Hum., as her Thesis Supervisor.
5. All the Lecturers of English Department who gave taught, guided, and
advised her throughout the academic years.
6. Eis Sri Wahyuningsih, S.P.d, M.Pd., as the administration staff of
English Department, for her attention, assistance, and information in
completing this thesis.
7. The writer sincerely thanks to her Dad, Teger Bangun, thank you for
wonderful love and being irreplaceable man, and Mom, Tima Br Ginting,
S.Pd for being the real angel and the best woman. The writer’s special
gratitude also goes to her dearest sisters and brother, Wira Verina Br
Bangun, Egia Nitha Victoria Br Bangun and Hendi Despion
Bangun.And also for all family.
8. The Headmaster of SMA Swasta Teladan Indrapura, Ahmad Indra
Gunawan, S.Pd., his permission and opportunities in allowing the writer
to do observation and to collect data.
9. Her best friends, Ingrid Laurensia Simanungkalit, S.Pd, Melda Ratna Sari
Sibarani, Rizky Atika, S.Pd , Viviana Melina Simanjuntak, S.Pd,
K’Bintang Batee, S.Pd, K’ Jenika Sidabutar, S.S, K’Juliana Siallagan,S.S,
Junior Simanullang, S.Pd, Lesna Damanik,S.Pd, Soly Sinaga, S.Pd, Dahlia
Siburian, S.Pd, Bang Randy Aditya Hutabarat, S.Pd.
10. Especially thanks to her close friend, Sovian Sianturi, S.Pd for his advice,
motivation and prayer.
11. Thanks to students of English Department (2010), especially ReAction,
PPLT METODIST BERASTAGI 2013, and all people that can not be
mentioned one by one for their care, support, prayer and love.
ii
The writer realizes that this thesis still has the paucity, he conveniently
welcomes any suggestions, comments critics, and advices that will improve
the quality of this thesis. She hopes that this thesis would be useful for those
who are read and interested in field of this study.
Medan, Maret 2015
The Writer,
Dian Werdhyati Br Bangun
NIM. 2101121012
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 1
A. The Background of the Study.......................................................................1
B. The Problem of the Study.............................................................................4
C. The Objective of the Study ..........................................................................4
D. The Scope of the Study ...............................................................................4
E. The Significance of the Study .....................................................................5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .....................................................6
A. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................6
1. Writing ....................................................................................................6
a. The Writing Process ...........................................................................7
b. The Features of Effective Writing .....................................................9
2. Genre .....................................................................................................10
a. Genre in Writing ..............................................................................10
b. Structure of Genre ............................................................................11
c. Types of Genre .................................................................................12
3. Hortatory Exposition Text ......................................................................12
a. The Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition ................................13
b. The Lexicogrammatical Features of Hortatory
Exposition Text .................................................................................14
c. The Example of Hortatory Exposition ..............................................14
4. Technique ...............................................................................................15
a. Pairs Check Technique .....................................................................16
b. The Process of Pairs Check Technique ............................................17
5. Writing Assessment ...............................................................................18
B. Conceptual Framework .............................................................................21
C. Hypothesis .................................................................................................22
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ...........................................................23
A. Research Method .......................................................................23
B. Research Design ........................................................................23
C. Population and Sample .............................................................23
D. The Instrument of Collecting Data ...........................................24
E. The Procedure of Conducting Research ...................................24
1. Pre-Test ..............................................................................24
2. Treatment ............................................................................24
3. Post-Test .............................................................................26
iv
F. The Validity and Reliability of the Test ....................................26
1. The Validity of the Test ......................................................26
2. The Reliability of the Test ..................................................26
F. Technique of Analyzing Data ...................................................28
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS ............. 29
A. The Data ............................................................................................... 29
B. Data Analysis ....................................................................................... 31
1. Testing Reliability of the Test ........................................................ 31
2. Normality Test................................................................................ 31
3. Test for Homogeneity of Varience ................................................. 32
4.Data Analysis by Using T-Test Formula......................................... 36
C. Testing Hypothesis ...................................................................... 37
D. Research Finding .................................................................................. 38
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION .................................. 39
A. Conclusion ............................................................................................ 39
B. Suggestions ........................................................................................... 39
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................41
v
LIST OF TABLES
Tables
Page
Table 1.1.The Students Accumulated Score of Grade XI ..................................2
Table 2.2.Text Analysis ....................................................................................14
Table 2.3.The Step of Pairs Check Technique ..................................................18
Table 2.4.Jacob’s Scoring .................................................................................19
Table 3.1. Research Design ...............................................................................23
Table 3.2. Teaching Procedure of Experimental Group ...................................25
Table 4.1. Students’ Achievement Score in pre-test and post-test ....................30
Table 4.2. Test for Homogeneity of Variance...................................................31
vi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices
Page
Appendix A: Lesson Plan in Control Group ..........................................................43
Appendix B: Lesson Plan in Experimental Group ...............................................109
Appendix C: The Score of Pre-Test and Post-Testby the Students of Experimental
Group.............................................................................................110
Appendix D: The Score of Pre-Test and Post-Testby the Students of Control
Group.............................................................................................111
Appendix E:The Calculation of t-test in Experimental Group...........................113
Appendix F: The Calculation of t-test in ControlGroup....................................115
Appendix G: The Calculation of t-test................................................................116
Appendix H: Percentage Point of Distibution.....................................................117
Appendix I:The Reliability of The Test..............................................................119
Appendix J: Test for Homogeneity of Variance of Pre-test in Experimental
and Control Group..........................................................................121
Appendix K: Test for Homogeneity of Variance of Post-test in Experimental
and Control Group.........................................................................123
Appendix L: Test for Distribution of Frequency in Experimental Group...........127
Appendix M: Test for Distribution of Frequency in Control Group...................131
Appendix N: Testing Normality..........................................................................135
Appendix O: Testing Normality of Pre-test in Control Group............................139
Apenndix P: The Calculation of the Mean (M) and The Standard
Deviation (SD)...............................................................................143
vii
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
The Background of the Study
Writing is one of the basic skills in English which must be mastered well
because writing in learning English holds an important role in daily
communication. People write from simple one to complex one. It is also one of
the most important skills that can improve students’ achievement in learning
foreign language. As one of the basic language skills, writing has a very complex
process. Therefore writing is not easy as some people think. Harmer (2004: 86)
states that writing is a process and that we write is often heavily influenced
by constraints of genres, then these elements have to be presented in learning
activities. Writing is considered as the most difficult and complicated language
skill to learn compared to other language skills (Widiati&Cahyono, 2006: 139) .
From the statements above, the writer can conclude that writing is a process of
producing some ideas, critical thinking,opinion and arguments into a piece of
paper.
The written productive language skill is called writing. It means that
producing written messages that can be a tool of communication for one to
another. By writing, the students can express their knowledge, messages, feeling,
ideas, comments, critics and information to the readers. The knowledge, message,
feeling, ideas, comments, critics and informationcan
affect
the
readers’
understanding and acceptance of the message from the writing materials as stated
by Harmer (2004: 44). In addition, writing has some aspects: the mechanics of
2
writing (such as punctuation and spelling ), grammar and vocabulary which the
major points in writing.
In syllabus of curriculum 2013 on IIthgrade of senior high school are
expected to be able to comprehend writing hortatory exposition text. This
expectation in new curricullum is based on the soft skill and hard kill. So, it is not
only for the students’ intelligence, but also in soft skill and hard skill.
Based on the writer’s preliminary observation conducted in SMA
SwastaTeladanIndrapura, the writer found that most of the student of SMA
SwastaTeladanIndrapura have not mastered hortatory exposition text. The student
are difficult to transfer their arguments in writing the text because of lack of
information about the topic. So it is the reason that the student can not write
hortatory exposition text well. It was proven when the writer asked for the list of
students score (DKN/ daftarnilaisiswa) for writing tests in two semesters, many
students could not pass. The minimum criterion Mastery ( kriteriaketuntasan
minimum/ KKM) applied by the school in English subject. Their DKN in two
semesters are, as follow ;
Table 1.1 The Students Accumulated Score of Grade XI
Semester
1st Semester 2013/2014
2nd Semester 2013/2014
Score
Students
Percentage
Mean