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on the e-Government. Initial efforts from academics have been devoted to studying assimilation mostly in e-business area e.g., Zhu et al. 2003, 2006 and we try to expand our knowledge frontier to
e-Government research area. In this research, we focus of research observation on single stages of e-Government assimilation to investigate the antecedents of assimilation and their contextual factors.
Therefore, several research questions arise as follows:
1 Why does e-Government assimilation differ from one organization to another?
2 What kind of theoretical foundation can be used to study e-Government assimilation?
3 What factors contribute to e-Government assimilation within the organization?
4 How would these effects vary across different countries?
To answer these questions, we use the perspective of TOE framework bound with Institutional Theory and Innovation Diffusion Theory, to elucidate how the information system or IT innovation is
reproduced and assimilated within the organization profound as, institutionalized. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: First, we present our literature review for conducting
our research the review; then we present the theoretical development and hypothesis, followed by development of instruments. Finally, we closed by discussion and conclusion.
2. Literature review
2.1. Theory of Innovation Assimilation
The study of Innovation Assimilation has a long history grounded from Innovation Diffusion Theory developed by Rogers 1995 as a multi-disciplinary field with contributions from prominent academics,
researchers, sociologists, economists, communication researchers, engineering researchers, and many others. However, it is important to make a distinction between the diffusion and the assimilation
of an innovation. Diffusion is the process by which a technology spreads across a population of organizations, while assimilation refers to the process within organizations stretching from initial
awareness of the innovation, to potentially, formal adoption and full-scale deployment Robert G Fichman, 1999. In the same context, Purvis et al. 2001 defined assimilation as “the extent to which
the use of technology diffuses across the organizational projects or work processes and becomes routinized in the activities of those projects and processes.” Along with conforming assimilation
definition, Rogers 1995 added definition of innovation as the process through which an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual, such as the Internet, are disseminated
over a matter of time in the society”.
Past research on IT innovation adoption and diffusion has long converged on analyzing a core set of theoretical models. M.M. Kamal has identified various information technology adoption models from
the research conducted in the past, presented in figure 1. It has been suggested that there are functional parallels between Information System IS
implementation in general and diffusion of technological innovation Premkumar et al, 1994 ; Fichman, 1992 ; Kwon and Zmud, 1987. The main advantage of borrowing the innovation diffusion theory is
that it has already a valuable cumulative tradition and that it provides a strong theoretical base for IS researchers for evaluating IS and IS projects and for assessing the possibilities of the diffusion of the
technological innovation and its incorporation within the organization.
2.2. Technology–Organization–Environment TOE Framework
