there are 14 students or 46. 7 have done errors in item number 1. 30 students or 100 in item number 2. 30 students or 100 in item number 3, 30 students or 100 in
item number 4, and 21 students or 70 in item number 5. To serve the total average frequency of error, the writer using following
formula:
After the writer processed the data she can just sum up that 83. 3 of students of XI grade of IPA class of SMAN 1 Kabandungan have done errors in conjugating the
verb. In other words, most of the students had not good understanding on it.
2. The Causes of Students’ Difficulties in Learning Passive Voice in the
Simple Past Tense.
After describing the frequency and percentage of students’ error in learning passive voice in the simple past tense, and the result shows that most of the students
still faced some difficulties in learning passive voice, the writer continues to the next step; describing the causes of the students’ errors in using and forming passive voice in
the simple past tense. There are fourteen questions, which were asked by the writer in the
questionnaire to figure out the causes of students’ difficulties in learning passive voice in the simple past tense. The writer than convert the students’ respond into tables
that presenting the data which is significantly causing the students’ difficulties and the
rest is included in the appendices. It is important to note that the title of each table is the
F P =
X 100 N x n
125 =
X 100 30 x 5
12500 =
150
= 83. 3
question that was asked by the writer in the questionnaire. To identify the causes firstly the writer present data in the form of table, then explaining it.
Table 4. 7 When you learn passive voice in the simple past tense, which feature that you
think the most difficult? No.
Option F
P
1. To be + Past Participle
11 36.6
2. Verbal Conjugation mastery 17
56.7 3.
To be formation 2
6.7
Total 30
100
Adapted from the students’ questionnaire
In addition to the results of the passive voice in the simple past tense test that show the students get the low average score, the table above about student respond to
the questionnaire also show that the students feel difficult in using some features that
forming passive voice in the simple past tense, those are to be and past participle. It is
because they do not memorize the features it affects on the difficulties when they have to construct passive voice, mostly when they have to conjugate the verbal.
The absence of to be and verbal conjugation in Indonesian language grammar
forming the habit of not using the two features. It is showed by the percentage of error in conjugating the verbal that is 83. 3 . The fact is supported by the total average of
difficulty frequency of verbal conjugation test in passive voice in the simple past tense is 56. 7 mentioned before. This problem may be caused by L1 interference. L1
interference factors could effect on student ability in learning English language, in this case in learning passive voice in the simple past tense. Actually, if the students doing a
lot of practices in using to be and past participle, this problem will not happened. The following table shows that the teacher gave a little attention to grammar
material, she most interested in teaching Language Gambit and Genre. Meanwhile the grammar materials get the lowest attention. It is showed by the students respond to
question; what is the most material that often give by your teacher when she teaches English?
Table 4.8 What is the most material that often delivered by your teacher
when she teaches English? No.
Option F
P
1. Genre
11 36.7
2. Language Gambit
18 60
3. Grammar
1 3.3
Total 30
100
Adapted from the students’ questionnaire
The table 4.8 above showed there are 36. 7 or 11 students who answered that
the most material that often delivered by the teacher in the class is Genre. There are 60
or 18 students who answered the material that most delivered by the teacher in the
class is Language Gambit, and only 3. 3 students who answered the material that most delivered by the teacher in the class is Grammar.
Table 4. 9 Do you feel difficult to understand the explanation of passive voice in the simple
past tense material in your English text bookwork book? No.
Option F
P
1. Always
5 16.7
2. Sometimes
24 80
3. Never
1 3.3
Total 30
100
Adapted from the students’ questionnaire
The table above shows that the students faced some difficulties in understanding the explanation of passive voice in the simple past tense material in their
textbook or workbook. The table 4.8 shows that there are 5 students or 16.7 who always feel
difficult. 24 students or 80 students who sometimes feel difficult and 1 students or 3, 3 who never feel difficult to understanding the explanation of passive voice in the
simple past material in their textbook or workbook.
Table 4. 10 According to you what is the factors that made you difficult in learning passive
voice in the simple past tense? No.
Option F
P
1. Unclear of teacher’s explanation
5 16.7
2. I am Lazy to learn
25 83.3
Total 30
100
Adapted from the students’ questionnaire
The table above showed, there are 25 students or 83. 3 who assumed that the causes of their difficulties in learning passive voice in the simple past tense is because
they are lazy to review the material. There are 25 students or 83. 3 students assumed that the causes of their difficulties in learning passive voice in the simple past tense is
because of the teacher’s unclear explanation about passive voice in the simple past tense.
It can be concluded that the fourth cause of the difficulties is because the students do not reviewing the subject at home or they lack of practices.
2. Data Interpretation
