Research Hypothesis THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.7 Research Hypothesis

Based on the research problems and the review of related literature, the research hypotheses are formulated as follows: a. The use of Snowball Throwing technique can improve the eighth grade students’ recount text reading achievement at SMPN 7 Jember in the academic year of 20152016. b. The use of Snowball Throwing technique can improve the eighth grade students’ participation at SMPN 7 Jember in the academic year of 20152016. 25

CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Design

This research was intended to improve the eighth grade students’ achievement in reading comprehension using Snowball Throwing technique at SMPN 7 Jember in the academic year 20152016. In line with this purpose, the appropriate design was classroom action research. According to Elliott 1991 action research is “The study of a social situation with a view to improving the quality of action within it”. Furthermore, according to Fraenkel and Wallen 2009 : 589 action research is conducted to solve some problems or obtain information in order to inform local practice. This kind of research is able to be done by one individual or more or groups. Thus, a classroom action research is intended to solve the students’ problem that happens in a classroom. The reason why used classroom action research CAR was it was because the result of this research was expected to bring an improvement for students’ achievement, so it measured the students’ reading achievement after the action of snowball throwing used as a teaching and learning technique. The researcher in this research was not the English teacher in SMPN 7 Jember. However, the classroom action research was conducted collaboratively with the English teacher of the eighth grade students at SMPN 7 Jember in carrying out the actions and doing reflection to improve the students’ reading comprehension achievement by using snowball throwing technique. This classroom action research was conducted in Cycles. According to Kemmis and Mc Taggart 1988 here the procedure how to conduct the CAR, the activity in one Cycle consisting of : 1. Planning the action. 2. Implementing the action. 3. Conducting observation to monitor the teaching learning process followed by evaluating the results of the action. 4. Analyzing the results followed by doing reflection : a if Cycle 1 fails to achieve the research objectives, the action is proceed to the second Cycle, b if Cycle 1 succeeds in achieving the research objectives, the action is stopped, c if the result achieves the research objectives in Cycle 1, if the