In general, pictures are divided into several types. According to Grazyna Szkyke, there are two kinds of pictures that are useful in teaching learning process as teaching aids:
pictures of individual person and objects and pictures of situations in which persons and objects are “in action”.
a. Pictures of individuals
Pictures of individual persons or things may be used, mainly at the elementary
level, to introduce or test vocabulary items, for example; a man, a car. Portraits, that is, pictures that show a person in close detail, are useful for intermediate and
advanced learners. The students can be asked questions about the age and profession of the person, whether heshe is married, hisher interests and traits of character.
b. Situational pictures
Situational pictures that show or suggest relationships between objects andor
people can be perfect teaching aids for introducing, practicing, or reviewing grammatical structures, from the simplest to the most complex;
1. The indicative structure: there is a and there are some
2. A range of prepositional phrases: beside, towards, in front of, etc. 3. The use of tenses: the present continuous, past simple, etc.
13
Meanwhile, Mackey 1978 stated that there are three types of language-teaching pictures:
a. Thematic pictures
Thematic pictures are those used simply to illustrate a theme or a text. They most often come in the form of crowded scenes, illustrating a single theme, like the
family leaving on a holiday, the countryside, in winter, etc.
b. Mnemonic pictures
Mnemonic pictures are those designed to remind the learner of certain words or sentences. They may be pictures of situations, presented simultaneously with
sentences about these situations, and used later to remind the learner of these sentences.
c. Semantic pictures
Semantic pictures are those whose sole function is to get a specific meaning across.
In addition, Finnochiaro 1975 said that pictures should contain at least three types of illustration:
13
Grazyna Szyke, Using Pictures as Teaching Aids, English Teaching Forum, XIX. 4. October, 1981, p. 45
a. Pictures of persons and single objects. b. Pictures of people engaged in activities presenting the relationship between
individuals and objects. c. A series of six to ten pictures mounted on one chart of count nouns as pieces of
furniture or mass nouns as foods or of sports or work activities.
3. Criteria for Good Pictures
