The general concept of writing

2.2 Review of Related Literature

In this part, the researcher gives explanation on related theory of this study. They are general concept of writing, components of writing, writing processes, curriculum of eight graders of junior high school, teaching writing, and general concept of descriptive text, picture prompts, and action research.

2.2.1. The general concept of writing

Some experts have different definitions about writing. Nunan 2003:88 asserts that writing is a combination of physical and mental acts. Writing is physical act of committing words and ideas. Therefore, mental acts are inventing ideas, thinking about how to express them and organizing into statement and paragraph. Writing also is known as a combination of process and product. It means that the writer should imagines, organizes, draft, edits, read, and rereads. Sakokik as quoted in Linse 2003:98 also defines writing as a combination of process and product. The process refers to the act of gathering and making the product, so the readers also know what they want to share and understand about their writing. The concept of process and product need a procedure to make a good writing. The product of the writing needs some criterion to be o good writing. It is dealing with content, organization, vocabulary use, grammatical use, and mechanical consideration such as spelling and punctuation Brown, 2003: 335. As quote in Hyland 2003:5: Writing in this way directs attention to writing as a product and encourages a focus on formal text units or grammatical features of text. In this view, learning to write in a foreign or second language mainly involves linguistics knowledge and vocabulary choices, syntactic pattern, and cohesive devises that comprise the essential building block of texts From those statements, writing is not enough if it just consists of sentences. But, it is dealing with some rules and ideas. Students should understand the linguistics knowledge, the vocabulary, and syntactic pattern to gain the texts. It will be effective if the students use media such as picture prompts to gain their idea. Through picture prompts, the students will be easier in imagining object and gaining their idea, so they will start to write fast by first looking at the pictures.

2.2.2 Components of Writing