INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 6 METHODOLOGY 36

TABLE OF CONTENT Abstrak i Abstract ii Dedication iii Acknowledgement iv Table of Content v List of Tables ix List of Figures x List of Abbreviations, Symbols and Nomenclatures xii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction

1 1.2 Problem Statement 2 1.3 Objectives 3 1.4 Scope of Research 3 1.5 Project Organization 4

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 6

2.1 Metal alloys 6 viii 2.1.1 Ferrous Alloys 6 2.1.2 Non-Ferrous Alloys 7 2.2 Copper Alloys 8 2.2.1 Properties of Copper Alloys 8 2.2.2.1 Physical Properties 9 2.2.2.2 Electrical and Thermal Properties 9 2.2.2.3 Mechanical Properties 12 2.2.2 Application of Copper Alloys 14 2.2.3 Different Reinforcement of Copper Alloys 18 2.3 Tungsten Carbides 20 2.3.1 Properties of Tungsten Carbides 21 2.3.2 Processing of Tungsten Carbides 22 2.3.3 Applications of Tungsten Carbides 23 2.3.4 Different Reinforcement of Tungsten Carbides 24 2.4 Composites Materials 25 2.4.1 Metal Matrix Composites 26 2.5 Powder Metallurgy Processing 29 2.5.1 Mixing and Blending 30 2.5.2 Compaction 31 2.5.3 Sintering 33 ix

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 36

3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 Mixing and Blending Process 38 3.3 Compaction Process 39 3.4 Sintering Process 41 3.5 Density measurement 42 3.6 Sample Preparations 43 3.6.1 Grinding 43 3.6.2 Polishing 44 3.7 Material Characterization 45 3.7.1 Optical Microscope 45 3.7.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy 46 3.7.3 Phase Analysis X-ray Diffraction 48 3.8 Mechanical Testing 49 3.8.1 Vickers Microhardness Tester 59

CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 51