AN ANALYSIS ON TYPES OF SENTENCES FOUND IN READING TEXTS OF ENGLISH ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOK (BSE) “DEVELOPING COMPETENCIES” FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

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1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

Chapter I discusses background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows.

1.1 Background of the Study

In this era, English is becoming more and more important especially in Asia Regions as an international language for Asian. Elaine (2005; 02) considers that one of the central features of English as an international language is that “English is the product of a world econocultural system, and is the preferred medium of the international community of business, science, culture and intellectual life”. Econocultural is combination of economic and cultural which includes the world market, business community, technology, science and cultural and intellectual in global scale. It means every development in many fields is discussed and made available in English.

Recently, the importance of English is the fact shown in people daily activities. When we have fluent English speaking ability, we can go around the world, continue school overseas, and might have opportunities to communicate with other people in the world. In line with that situation, English becomes one of important subjects in Indonesia’s school and considers difficult subjects in national final examination.

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Meizaliana (2009) argued that “Most Indonesian students face difficulties in learning structure because the grammatical rules of Indonesian language are different from those of English’. From the statement, in reality, the researcher found also that many students graduated from senior high school, and college students in first semester still do not understand about the grammar of the target language. This fact is shown when the researcher gave questionnaires to them about the basic of English grammar. One of the reasons why students lack of grammar understanding is due to the lack of reading in English texts as their information sources. According to Poulsten and Bruder (cited in Bambang, 2010, 43), “Reading is the most important language skill. Reading provides a relatively stable foundation for Indonesian student to develop their communicative competence in English". It means that reading is the skill which brings Indonesian students to build up their ability in English communication.

“Reading is not only a source of information and pleasure activity but it is also means of consolidating and extending one’s knowledge of the language” (Bambang, 2010; 43). From the definitions, the researcher concludes that reading is an important skill to acquire knowledge. So, reading is not only starting from learning to read, but also developing into reading to learn.

Reading textbook is one of supporting factor in learning process as a source which is many factors to make teaching and learning process success such as teacher, curriculum, media, etc. According to Martin (2003; 448) “Textbooks have a major influence on teaching”. It means that textbook is a source which gives many information and adds the knowledge used by teachers and students in class. If the

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textbook has good quality, it has impacts that textbook gives a valid information or knowledge for the reader. According to McKeachie (2011; 14) “If the author wrote the book in systematic way, building one concept on another, there may be good in pedagogical reason for following the author’s order”. In this digital era, textbook is easy to get. By browsing and downloading from the internet, the textbook can be found easily. It is usually called as electronic textbook.

E-book can become one of learning material to the teachers. E-book can be obtained easily by the students because it is provided in the internet. Hillesund (in Chris Armstrong, 2008;06) wrote that a “narrow definition treats an e-book as a digital object designed to be read on a handheld reading device or to be listened to from a speech-generating tool”. It means that an e-book is a book which the texts is available in an electronic format to read and can be used by teachers and students as their reading or reference because of its availability.

In line with the previous study done by Indra (2005) and Rizal (2012), this present study will bridge the gap and enhance more about the knowledge in the types of sentences based on clauses from which in the previous studies, there are still some points that is not being investigated further such as; its target users, the weaknesses and the others elements.

According to the idea mentioned previously, the researcher is trying to analyze types of sentences used in English E-book entitled “Developing Competencies” for senior high school published by SetiaPurna Invest which had been

recommended by government, approved by BSNP

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Education in 2008. It means that e-book is proper to use and fulfill standard of BSNP requirement. It is expected by doing this study; it will give clear explanation about types of sentences, which are most frequently used in that e-book and also give understanding about type of sentences to the readers so that the reader may not find difficulties to comprehend the information in an e-book.

1.2 Statement of Problems

In this study, two research questions are formulated as follows:

a. What are types of sentences found in “Developing English Competencies” e-book in reading texts?

b. What is the most dominant type of sentencefound in “Developing English Competencies” e-book in reading texts?

1.3 Purposes of Study

This research purposes are to describe types of sentences, and investigate the most dominant types of sentences found in reading text of Senior High School e-book.

1.4 Significance of Study

The researcher expects to give contribution for teacher who selects the learning resources in English teaching. Besides, the researcher expects to assist the textbook’s author in improving textbook for next edition and also helping student in using textbook as references or sources.

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5 1.5 Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study is types of sentences based on clause such as simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, and compound-complex sentence. The study is limited on the third grades of Senior High School e-book published by SetiaPurnaInvest2008, that is “Developing English Competencies”. Therefore, this study is only focused on the analysis of types of sentences based on clauses in reading texts.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

To avoid misinterpretation about the terms that are used in this study, it is necessary for the researcher to define several key terms as follows:

 Analysis is study of something by examining its parts (Oxford, 2008).

 A sentence is an organized series of words that allows you to make a statement, ask a question, express a thought, offer an opinion, and so on (Marcel, 2006; 01).

 Reading is commonly viewed as consisting of decoding and comprehension activities to parse sentence, to understand sentences in discourse, to build a discourse structure, and to integrate what is understood from the discourse with what a reader already knows (Anderson, 2000: 12, as quoted by Bambang, 2010: 44).

 Electronic book (E-book) is a “term used to describe a text analogous to a book that is in digital form to be displayed on a computer screen”

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(International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science, 1997, p.130 quoted by Chris Armstrong, 2008).

To give more understanding to conduct this present study, next chapter, Chapter II will discuss about review related to literature used in this study. They are; reading, reading strategies, reading comprehension, kinds of reading text, types of text (genre), some important factors in reading, sentence, sentence types of sentences, clause, e-book, and previous study.

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AN ANALYSIS ON TYPES OF SENTENCES FOUND IN READING TEXTS OF ENGLISH ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOK (BSE) “DEVELOPING

COMPETENCIES” FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

THESIS

KARTIKA WULAN SARI 09360152

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

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This thesis written by Kartika Wulan Sari was approved on October 29, 2013.

By:

Advisor II. Advisor I,

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iii

This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher

Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education

on October 29, 2013

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Dean,

Dr. Poncojari Wahyono, M.Kes

Examiners: Signatures:

1. Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum 1.

2. Drs. Imam Mahfudz 2.

3. Dr. Bayu Hendro W, M.Ed,Ph.D 3.

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MOTTO AND DEDICATION

“We will never know the real answer, before we try”

"Every successful person must have a failure. Do not be afraid to fail because failure is a part of success"

"Never give up, fix mistakes, and keep stepping"

"There is no success without a sacrifice and there is no success without hardness" "Life is like a piano, white and black. If God play it, all will be a beautiful melody"

Wa man yattaqilaaha yaj al lahuu makhrojaa wa yarzuqhu min haisu laa yahtasib.. wa man yattaqillaaha yaj al lahu min amrihi yusroo.. wa man yattaqillaaha yukaffir anhu sayyi-aatihii wa yu dhim lahuu ajroo..

Artinya:

Barangsiapa bertakwa pada Allah, maka Allah memberikan jalan keluar kepadanya dan memberi rezeki dari arah yang tidak disangka-sangka.. Barangsiapa yang bertaqwa pada Allah, maka Allah jadikan urusannya menjadi mudah.. barangsiapa yang bertaqwa pada Allah akan dihapuskan dosa2nya dan mendapatkan pahala yang agung (QS. Ath-Thalaq: 2, 3, 4)

DEDICATION:

I dedicated this thesis to:

My beloved and sweetheart father and mother for praying and supporting me, My brothers and sisters,

My special sister Diqka, My soul mate Roni,

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, the researcher would like to thank Allah for blessing and guiding so that the researcher could finish this thesis, entitled “An Analysis on Types of Sentences Found in Reading Text of English Electronic Textbook (BSE) “Developing Competencies” for Senior High School”. The researcher would like to give deepest appreciation to Dr. Bayu H Wicaksono, M.Ed, Ph.D as first advisor and Rina W Setyaningrum, S.Pd, M.Ed as second advisor for correction, advice, suggestion, criticism and precious guidance during the consultation and thesis completeness.

The researcher is very much thankful to beloved parents, brothers, and sisters for praying and supporting during thesis process. Furthermore, the researcher never forgets to thank friends especially roommate, 63’ and C class for supporting and helping the researcher in completing this thesis. Thank you very much.

Furthermore, the researcher really realizes that this thesis still needs constructive criticisms and suggestions from the readers in order to make it perfect and hopefully it can be useful for the readers, especially for the English Department.

Malang, 23 October 2013

Researcher,

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ... iv

LEGALIZATION ... v

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... vi

ABSTRACT ... vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study ... 1

1.2 Statement of Problems ... 4

1.3 Purposes of Study... 4

1.4 Significance of Study ... 4

1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 4

1.6 Definition of Key Terms ... 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Reading ... 7

2.1.1 Reading Strategies ... 8

2.1.2 Reading Comprehension... 10

2.1.3 Kinds of Reading Text ... 11

2.1.4 Types of Text (Genre) ... 13

2.1.5 Some Important Factors in Reading ... . 14

2.2 Sentences ... 14

2.2.1 Kinds of Sentences ... 16

2.2.2 Types of Sentences ... 18

2.3 Clause ... 20

2.4 Electronic Book... 22

2.5 Previous Study ... 25

CHAPTER III RESEARCH DESIGN 3.1 Research Design ... 27

3.2 Research Object ... . 27

3.3 Research Instrument ... 28

3.4 Data Collection ... . 28

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vii CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Research Findings ... . 32

4.1.1 Types of Sentences ... . 32

4.1.2 The Occurrences Types of Sentences ... . 42

4.2 Discussion ... . 43

CHAPTER V SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 45

5.2 Suggestions ... 46 REFERENCES

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