v
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstrak i
Abstract ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of content v
List of Table ix
List of Figure x
List of Abbreviations xi
1. INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 Problem statement
4 1.2
Objective of the study 4
1.3 Important of the study
4 1.4
Scope of study 5
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
6
2.0 Thin wall cylinder
6 2.0.1 An analysis of effect of cutting parameter on machining thin walled
7 Component
2.0.2 Discussion about effect of cutting parameter in thin wall 7
2.1 CNC Computer Numerical control
8 2.2
CNC lathe machine 9
2.2.1 Process operation in CNC 10
2.2.1.1 Facing 11
2.2.1.2 Turning 11
2.2.1.3 Parting 11
2.2.1.4 Drilling 11
2.2.1.5 Boring 12
2.2.1.6 Grooving 12
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2.2.1.7 Threading 12
2.2.2 Components of CNC lathe 12
2.2.2.1 Bed 12
2.2.2.2 Chuck 13
2.2.2.3 Tailstock 13
2.2.2.4 The lead screw 13
2.2.2.5 Carriage 14
2.2.3 Parameters of CNC lathes machine 15
2.2.3.1 Cutting speed 15
2.2.3.2 Feed rate 18
2.2.3.3 Depth of cut 19
2.2.4 Stability in machining 19
2.2.4.1 Vibration and chatter 19
2.3 Ferrous metal
20 2.3.1 Production of iron and steel
21 2.3.1.1 Raw material
20 2.3.1.2 Iron making
21 2.3.1.3 Steel making
22 2.3.2 Carbon and alloy steel
23 2.3.2.1 Effects of various element in steels
24 2.3.2.2 Carbon steels
24 2.3.2.3 Alloy steels
26 2.3.2.4 Stainless steel
26 2.3.2.5 High speed steels
26 2.3.3 Features of ferrous metal
27 2.3.3.1 Strength
27 2.3.3.2 Elasticity
28 2.3.3.3 Ductility
28 2.3.3.4 Malleability
29 2.3.3.5 Plasticity
29 2.3.3.6 Hardness
29 2.4
Mild Steel 30
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2.4.1 Mild Steel Properties 30
2.5 Cutting tool
31 2.5.1 Types of cutting tool
31 2.5.1.1 High speed steel HSS
31 2.5.1.2 Carbide
31 2.5.1.3 Ceramic
32 2.5.2 Tool life
33 2.5.3 Tool wear
35 2.6
Cutting fluid 36
2.6.1 Types of cutting fluid 36
2.6.2 Semi synthetic cutting fluid 37
2.6.3 Application of cutting fluid 38
2.7 Design of experiment DOE
38 2.7.1 Full factorial design
39 2.7.2 Standard Order for a 2
k
Level Factorial Design 41
3. METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introductions
42 3.1
Procedure of process flow 43
3.2 Design of Experiment
44 3.3
Mechanism of full factorial design 44
3.4 Full factorial design
45 3.4.1 Machining parameter
46 3.4.1.1 Feed rate, depth of cut, cutting speed
47 3.5
Experimental equipment 47
3.5.1 Coordinate measurement machine CMM 47
3.5.2 Optical comparator 48
3.5.2 Digital caliper 49
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
