iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE DECLARATION
APPROVAL DEDICATION
ABSTRAK i
ABSTRACT ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF TABLE vii
LIST OF FIGURE x
LIST OF ABBREVIATION xiv
LIST OF SYMBOLS xvi
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS xviii
LIST OF APPENDICES CHAPTER
xx
1. INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 Introduction and Background of Traffic Light System 1
1.2 Problem Statement 5
1.3 Objectives of the Research 10
1.4 Scope of the Research 10
1.5 Contributions of the Research 10
1.6 Thesis Organization 12
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
14
2.1 Traffic Light System 14
2.1.1 Types of Traffic Junction 15
2.1.2 Components of Traffic Light System 17
2.1.2.1 The Display Unit 17
2.1.2.2 The Control Unit 18
2.1.2.3 The Sensor Unit 19
2.1.3 Sensing Techniques 20
2.1.3.1 Video Imaging Processors 21
2.1.3.2 Inductive Loop Sensors 22
2.1.3.3 Magnetic Sensors 25
2.1.3.4 Laser Sensors 26
2.1.3.5 Microwave RADAR 27
2.1.3.6 Ultrasonic Sensors 28
2.1.3.7 Comparison 28
2.2 Road Traffic Control Strategies 31
2.2.1 Fixed-Time Strategies 31
2.2.2 Traffic-Responsive Strategies 32
2.3 Conventional Traffic Light System 32
2.3.1 Sequencing Method 32
2.3.2 Sensor Demand Method 37
2.4 Current Approaches 42
2.4.1 Video-Based System 42
v
2.4.2 Fuzzy Logics 43
2.5 Traffic Simulation 45
2.5.1 Traffic Flow Model 45
2.5.1.1 Macroscopic Model 46
2.5.1.2 Microscopic Model 46
2.5.1.3 Mesoscopic Model 47
2.5.1.4 Traffic Intersection Model 48
2.5.1.5 Network Flow Model 50
2.5.2 Simulation of Urban Mobility SUMO 50
2.5.2.1 Car Following Model 51
2.5.2.2 Simulation Preparation: SUMO 52
2.6 Summary of Chapter 55
3. THE PROPOSED ALGORITHM: SELF ROUTING TRAFFIC
LIGHT 56
3.1 Methodology 56
3.1.1 Exploration of Conventional Traffic Light System Method
58 3.1.2 The Performance of Conventional Method
58 3.1.3 New Sensor Arrangement Method and Joint
Algorithm 59
3.1.3.1 New Sensor Arrangement 60
3.1.3.2 New Joint Algorithm 62
3.1.4 Self Routing Traffic Light 63
3.1.4.1 Flowchart of Self Routing Traffic Light 64
3.1.4.2 State Diagram of Self Routing Traffic Light 72
3.1.5 Result Comparison and Analysis 77
3.2 Simulation Development 77
3.2.1 Traffic Network 78
3.2.2 Demand Modeling 81
3.2.3 Additional File 83
3.2.4 Simulation Configuration 84
3.2.5 Syntax Error Checking 84
3.3 Summary of Chapter 85
4. PRIMARY DATA PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS
