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d. Drama and Role Play
Drama is an excellent way to get the students using the language. It essentially involves using the imagination to make oneself into another
character or the classroom into a different place. According to Scrivener, drama can be an activity for beginner for exciting listening
and speaking work and it can also be utilized as a tool to provide practice in grammatical, lexical, functional, or phonological areas.
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The next way of getting students to speak in different social contexts and to assume varied social role is role-play activities in the
classroom. Materials are generally aimed at the more proficient EFL learner, although this is not always the case, as they can be set up in a
highly structured way with a lot of teacher control. At the other end of the spectrum, however, a considerable amount of choice may be
exercised by allowing the students more freedom in what they will say.
e. Conversation
One of the recent trends in oral skills pedagogy is the emphasis on having students analyze and evaluate the language that they or others
produce. In other word, it is not adequate to have students produce lots of language; they must become more aware of many features of
language in order to become competent speakers and interlocutors in English. One speaking activity which is particularly suited to this kind
of analysis is conversation, the most fundamental form of oral communication.
One way to approach this activity is to assign students to find a native speaker or near-native speaker they know and arrange to tape-
record a 20-30 minutes interaction with this person. Of course, not all of the discourse that results from this encounter will be truly “natural
conversation-the native may fall into the role of “interviewer and ask all questions while the non-native merely responds; therefore the instructor
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Jim Scrivener, Learning Teaching: A Guidebook for English language Teachers. The Teacher Development Series, Oxford, Heinemann ELT, 1994, p. 69.
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may want to encourage the learner beforehand to come up with a few questions to ask native speaker. In any case, the resulting interaction
will provide a spontaneous sample from and for the learner to analyze. In a variation of the conversation, learners are required to tape-record
an interview with native speaker on a topic of their choices and then repot the result to the class.
4. The Assessment Grading Scale of Speaking
Kategori