THE STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION ON The Students’ Comprehension On Politeness/ Impoliteness In Interlanguage Pragmatics Of Complaints By Efl Learners In Ums.
THE STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION ON
POLITENESS/ IMPOLITENESS
IN INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS OF
COMPLAINTS BY EFL LEARNERS IN UMS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Master Degree of Education
in Magister of Language Studies
by:
Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
S200150024
MAGISTER OF LANGUAGE STUDIES
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2017
SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL FORM
The student submits the thesis for examination:
Name
: Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
ID Number
: S200150024
Department
: Language Studies
Thesis title
:Students’
Impoliteness
Comprehension
in
on
Politeness/
Interlanguage Pragmatics
of
Complaints by EFL learners in UMS
Supervisor’s Approval:
I confirm that the thesis written by the above-named student meets the scholarly
standarts for the degree and is therefore eligible to proceed to an examination by
the broad of examiners of the Department of Language Studies, the Graduate
School of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Surakarta, March 24 th
, 2017
Primary supervisor
Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D.
ii
SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL FORM
The student submits the thesis for examination:
Name
: Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
ID Number
: S200150024
Department
: Language Studies
Thesis title
:Students’
Impoliteness
Comprehension
in
on
Politeness/
Interlanguage Pragmatics
of
Complaints by EFL learners in UMS
Supervisor’s Approval:
I confirm that the thesis written by the above-named student meets the scholarly
standarts for the degree and is therefore eligible to proceed to an examination by
the broad of examiners of the Department of Language Studies, the Graduate
School of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Surakarta, March 24 th
, 2017
Co- supervisor
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D
iii
APPROVAL
STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION ON POLITENESS/ IMPOLITENESS
IN INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS OF COMPLAINTS
BY EFL LEARNERS IN UMS
THESIS
by
Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
S200150024
Approved to be examined by the Advisor Team
Advisor I
Advisor II
Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D
iv
APPROVAL OF THESIS FOR SUBMISSION
Title: Students’ Comprehension on Politeness/ Impoliteness in Interlanguage
Pragmatics of Complaints by EFL Learners in UMS
submitted by Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
has been examined by the board of examiners on April, 3rd 2017. All feedback,
corrections, and suggestions recommended by the examiners have been
considered and revision has been accordingly made by the student.
The board of examiners certify that the thesis is eligible for submission.
The Broad of Examiners
Primary supervisor
Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D.
Co-supervisor
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D.
Internal examiner
Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum
Surakarta, April 3rd 2017
The Director of Graduate School
Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati
STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP
I heriby confirm that the thesis entitled “ Students’ Comprehension on
Politeness/ Impoliteness in Interlanguage Pragmatics of Complaints by EFL
Learners in UMS” is an original and authentic work written by myself and it has
satisfied the rules and regulations of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta with
respect to plagiarism. I certify that all quotations and the sources of information
have been fully referred and acknowledged accordingly.
I confirm that this thesis has not been submitted for the award of any previous
degree in any teriary institutions in Indonesia or abroad.
Name
: Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
ID Number
: S200150024
Department
: Language Studies
Field of Study : English Education
Date
: March, 25th 2017
Signed :
Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
vi
MOTTO
“And if whatever trees upon the earth were pens and the sea [was ink],
replenished thereafter by seven [more] seas, the words of Allah would not be
exhausted. Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.”
(Q.S. Luqman: 27)
For indeed, with hardship [will be] ease.
(Q.S. Al Insyirah: 5)
vii
DEDICATION
This research is dedicated to:
My beloved father and mother (Mr. Kasto Ary Sandi & Mrs.Widyarni),
My lovely young sister (Sukma Maharani Pengestika),
My respecful grandpa and grandma (Mr. Yatmin and Mrs. Suyatni), and
My friends in MPB class (Mbak Aini, Mbak Andita, Mbak Diah, Mbak Harsiti,
Yafi, Mbak Tyas, Mbak Putri, Pak Syakuri, and Mbak Hukma)
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahirobil‘alamin. Praise to Alloh SWT for the blessing to the writer in
completing this research paper. Besides, the writer gets help and support from
many individuals. Their time, support, and kindness will always be reflected in
this research paper. The writer wants expressing her gratitude to those who help
her complete this research paper.
1. Prof. Dr. Khuzaifah Dimyati, S.H., M.Hum, the Director of Graduate
Program of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the Head of Language Study Department,
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D and Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D as advisors of this
research who give helpful guidance and advices during the writer arranges
this research until the end of the process. Thank a lot for your time, thought,
and patience in guiding me,
4. My parents (Drs. Kasto Ary Sandi, M.Pd and Widyarni, S.E) who always
become a light in my life. Thank a lot for the prayer and advices, and
supports which never let me down,
5. My young sister (Sukma Maharani Pangestika) who always give me supports
and happiness,
6. All of my friends in MPB and my respondents who permits me to collect the
data. Thanks for suggestions and motivations.
She realizes that this research paper is far from being perfect because of
less competence or capability of the writer. Thus, suggestions and criticism
are hoped for the better result of this work and becomes perfect one. She
wishes that this research paper is useful to all readers.
Wassalamu‟ alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, March,24th 2017
Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................ . i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I .......................................................................... ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II ......................................................................... iii
APPROVAL ............................................................................................ iv
APPROVAL OF THESIS FOR SUBMISSION................................... v
DECLARATION .................................................................................... vi
MOTTO ................................................................................................... vii
DEDICATION ........................................................................................ viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................... x
ABSTRACT............................................................................................. xii
LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................... xiv
LIST OF CODE ...................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .........................................
B. Limitation of the Study ............................................
C. Research Questions ..................................................
D. Objectives of the Study............................................
E. Significance of the Study .........................................
F. Research Paper Organization...................................
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Previous Study .........................................................
B. Position of the Current Study ..................................
C. Interlanguage Pragmatics.........................................
D. Speech Acts .............................................................
E. Speech Acts of Complaint .......................................
F. Direct and Indirect Complaint .................................
G. Politeness .................................................................
1. Grice (1957 & 1975).........................................
2. Lakoff (1960) ....................................................
3. Brown & Levinson (1987) ................................
H. Impoliteness .............................................................
1. Culpeper (1996) and Bousfield (2008) .............
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Types of the Study ...................................................
B. Subject and Object of Research ...............................
C. Data and Data Source ..............................................
x
1
5
6
6
6
7
8
15
16
18
19
24
24
25
28
31
36
36
43
44
44
D. Technique for Collecting Data.................................
E. Research Procedures ................................................
F. Technique for Analyzing Data.................................
G. Credibility of the Data .............................................
H. Abbrevations ............................................................
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis .............................................................
1. Correlation of Pragmalinguistics Forms in
Complaint to Politeness/Impoliteness ...................
a. Politeness ...................................................
b. Impoliteness ...................................................
2. Correlation of Context Situations in
Complaint to Politeness/ Impoliteness ..................
a. Politeness........................................................
b. Impoliteness ...................................................
3. Correlation of Complainers-Complainees’
Reationship in Complaint to Politeness/
Impoliteness .........................................................
a. Polieness .........................................................
b. Impoliteness ...................................................
B. Research Findings ......................................................
C. Discussion of the Findings .........................................
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION
AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .................................................................
B. Pedagogical Implication .............................................
C. Suggestion ..................................................................
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xi
44
46
46
47
48
50
51
52
67
76
77
88
96
97
108
115
119
123
124
125
THE STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION ON POLITENESS/ IMPOLITENESS
IN INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS OF COMPLAINTS
BY EFL LEARNERS IN UMS
Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
S200150024
Magister of Language Study, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Email: hestumaharani@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Complaint is one of speech acts which potentially insults the
communicators, mainly to complainees. Their understanding on politeness and
impoliteness in interlanguage pragmatics of complaint is expected to minimize
face threatening act and to lose misunderstanding in communication. This
research aims to investigate the EFL learners’ understanding on politeness and
impoliteness in interlanguage pragmatics of complaints. Discourse Completion
Tasks (DCT) is choosen as the instrument in collecting data. The writer recruited
25 EFL learners to be respondents in this research. The findings discovered that
the EFL learners’ understanding on politeness/ impoliteness were not separated
from their comprehension on social distance, status level, and imposition degree
in their cultural dimension. The social aspects such as pragmalinguistics forms,
context situations, and complaineers-complainees’ relationship of complaint
determine politeness/ impoliteness.
Keywords: politeness, impoliteness, interlanguage pragmatics comprehension,
complaints
xii
ABSTRAK
Komplain merupakan salah satu ujaran yang berpotensi menghina
komunikator, utamanya orang yang dikomplain. Pemahaman mereka terhadap
kesantunan dan ketidaksantunan dalam interanguage pragmatics pada komplain
diharapkan mampu mengurangi ancaman wajah dan menghilangkan
kesalahpahaman dalam berkomunikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti
pemahaman pembelajar bahasa Inggris terhadap kesantunan dan ketidaksantunan
di dalam komplain pada interlanguage pragmatics. Discourse Completion Tasks
(DCT) dipilih sebagai instrumen dalam pengumpulan data. Penulis merekrut 25
mahasiswa pembelajar bahasa asing menjadi responden dalam penelitian.
Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pemahaman mahasiswa pembelajar bahasa asing
terhadap kesantunan/ ketidaksantunan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari pemahaman
mereka terhadap jarak sosial, tingkatan status, dan tingkatan kesalahan dalam
dimensi budaya mereka. Aspek-aspek sosial, misalkan bentuk-bentuk
pragmalinguistik, konteks situasi, dan hubungan antara pengkomplain dan orang
yang dikomplain menentukan bentuk kesantunan dan ketidaksantunan.
Kata kunci: kesantunan, ketidak santunan, pemahaman interlanguage pragmatics,
komplain
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. The students’ understanding about politeness on pragmalinguistics forms
in ILP of complaint
Table 2. The students’ understanding about impoliteness on pragmalinguistics
forms in ILP of complaint
Table 3. The students’ understanding about politeness on the context situation in
ILP of complaint
Table 4. The students’ understanding about impoliteness on the context situation
in ILP of complaint
Table 5.The students’ understanding about politeness on the complainerscomplainees’ relationship in ILP of complaint
Table 6. The students’ understanding about impoliteness on the complainerscomplainees’ relationship in ILP of complaint
Table 7.The students’ understanding about politeness/ impoliteness on
pragmalinguistics forms in ILP of complaint
Table 8. The students’ understanding about politeness/ impoliteness on context
situations in ILP of complaint
Table 9.The students’ understanding about politeness/ impoliteness on
complainer-complainees’ relationship in ILP of complaint
xiv
LIST OF CODES
EFL
: English as Foreign Language
DCT
: Discourse Completion Task
L
: Learner
PL
: Politeness
IMPL
: Impoliteness
Rsn
: Giving honest reasons
Hnts
: Using hints to soften complaint
Pls
: Using word please to appreciate the listener
Cld
: Using modal could to keep the listener’s privacy
Exc
: Using phrase excuse me to lengthen social distance
Sry
: Using sentence I’m sorry to keep the listener’s freedom
NDmnd
: Avoiding imposing/ demanding the listener
NItj
: Omitting interjection/ high tone
NBlm
: Avoiding blaming the others
NIslt
: Avoiding insulting the others
Drct
: Using direct statements
HThn
: Using hints to threaten implicitly
NExc
: Omitting phrase excuse me to lengthen social distance
Dmnd
: Using imposing/ demanding utterance
Itj
: Using interjection
Blm
: Blaming the others
Req
: Using polite request
Rel
: Relevant to the context
Ang
: Avoiding to express anger
Tol
: Tolerant with the imposition
Priv
: Do not keep the listener’s privacy
Noff
:Avoiding offending the others
Offn
: The other making serious offences
NSer
: No serious problem
Expn
: Expanding the problems
PCls
: Using polite language to close relationship
xv
ImCls
: Using impolite language to close relationship
PFm
: Using polite language to familiar relationship
PUnfm
: Using polite language to unfamiliar relationship
PHigh
: Using polite language to high power relationship
PEql
: Using polite language to equal power relationship
PLow
: using polite language to low power relationship
Infrm
:Using informal language to close relationship
ImFm
: Using impolite language to familiar relationship
ImUnfm
: Using impolite language to unfamiliar relationship
ImHigh
: Using impolite language to high power relationship
xvi
POLITENESS/ IMPOLITENESS
IN INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS OF
COMPLAINTS BY EFL LEARNERS IN UMS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Master Degree of Education
in Magister of Language Studies
by:
Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
S200150024
MAGISTER OF LANGUAGE STUDIES
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2017
SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL FORM
The student submits the thesis for examination:
Name
: Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
ID Number
: S200150024
Department
: Language Studies
Thesis title
:Students’
Impoliteness
Comprehension
in
on
Politeness/
Interlanguage Pragmatics
of
Complaints by EFL learners in UMS
Supervisor’s Approval:
I confirm that the thesis written by the above-named student meets the scholarly
standarts for the degree and is therefore eligible to proceed to an examination by
the broad of examiners of the Department of Language Studies, the Graduate
School of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Surakarta, March 24 th
, 2017
Primary supervisor
Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D.
ii
SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL FORM
The student submits the thesis for examination:
Name
: Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
ID Number
: S200150024
Department
: Language Studies
Thesis title
:Students’
Impoliteness
Comprehension
in
on
Politeness/
Interlanguage Pragmatics
of
Complaints by EFL learners in UMS
Supervisor’s Approval:
I confirm that the thesis written by the above-named student meets the scholarly
standarts for the degree and is therefore eligible to proceed to an examination by
the broad of examiners of the Department of Language Studies, the Graduate
School of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Surakarta, March 24 th
, 2017
Co- supervisor
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D
iii
APPROVAL
STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION ON POLITENESS/ IMPOLITENESS
IN INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS OF COMPLAINTS
BY EFL LEARNERS IN UMS
THESIS
by
Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
S200150024
Approved to be examined by the Advisor Team
Advisor I
Advisor II
Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D
iv
APPROVAL OF THESIS FOR SUBMISSION
Title: Students’ Comprehension on Politeness/ Impoliteness in Interlanguage
Pragmatics of Complaints by EFL Learners in UMS
submitted by Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
has been examined by the board of examiners on April, 3rd 2017. All feedback,
corrections, and suggestions recommended by the examiners have been
considered and revision has been accordingly made by the student.
The board of examiners certify that the thesis is eligible for submission.
The Broad of Examiners
Primary supervisor
Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D.
Co-supervisor
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D.
Internal examiner
Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum
Surakarta, April 3rd 2017
The Director of Graduate School
Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati
STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP
I heriby confirm that the thesis entitled “ Students’ Comprehension on
Politeness/ Impoliteness in Interlanguage Pragmatics of Complaints by EFL
Learners in UMS” is an original and authentic work written by myself and it has
satisfied the rules and regulations of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta with
respect to plagiarism. I certify that all quotations and the sources of information
have been fully referred and acknowledged accordingly.
I confirm that this thesis has not been submitted for the award of any previous
degree in any teriary institutions in Indonesia or abroad.
Name
: Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
ID Number
: S200150024
Department
: Language Studies
Field of Study : English Education
Date
: March, 25th 2017
Signed :
Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
vi
MOTTO
“And if whatever trees upon the earth were pens and the sea [was ink],
replenished thereafter by seven [more] seas, the words of Allah would not be
exhausted. Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.”
(Q.S. Luqman: 27)
For indeed, with hardship [will be] ease.
(Q.S. Al Insyirah: 5)
vii
DEDICATION
This research is dedicated to:
My beloved father and mother (Mr. Kasto Ary Sandi & Mrs.Widyarni),
My lovely young sister (Sukma Maharani Pengestika),
My respecful grandpa and grandma (Mr. Yatmin and Mrs. Suyatni), and
My friends in MPB class (Mbak Aini, Mbak Andita, Mbak Diah, Mbak Harsiti,
Yafi, Mbak Tyas, Mbak Putri, Pak Syakuri, and Mbak Hukma)
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahirobil‘alamin. Praise to Alloh SWT for the blessing to the writer in
completing this research paper. Besides, the writer gets help and support from
many individuals. Their time, support, and kindness will always be reflected in
this research paper. The writer wants expressing her gratitude to those who help
her complete this research paper.
1. Prof. Dr. Khuzaifah Dimyati, S.H., M.Hum, the Director of Graduate
Program of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the Head of Language Study Department,
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D and Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D as advisors of this
research who give helpful guidance and advices during the writer arranges
this research until the end of the process. Thank a lot for your time, thought,
and patience in guiding me,
4. My parents (Drs. Kasto Ary Sandi, M.Pd and Widyarni, S.E) who always
become a light in my life. Thank a lot for the prayer and advices, and
supports which never let me down,
5. My young sister (Sukma Maharani Pangestika) who always give me supports
and happiness,
6. All of my friends in MPB and my respondents who permits me to collect the
data. Thanks for suggestions and motivations.
She realizes that this research paper is far from being perfect because of
less competence or capability of the writer. Thus, suggestions and criticism
are hoped for the better result of this work and becomes perfect one. She
wishes that this research paper is useful to all readers.
Wassalamu‟ alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, March,24th 2017
Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................ . i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I .......................................................................... ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II ......................................................................... iii
APPROVAL ............................................................................................ iv
APPROVAL OF THESIS FOR SUBMISSION................................... v
DECLARATION .................................................................................... vi
MOTTO ................................................................................................... vii
DEDICATION ........................................................................................ viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................... x
ABSTRACT............................................................................................. xii
LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................... xiv
LIST OF CODE ...................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .........................................
B. Limitation of the Study ............................................
C. Research Questions ..................................................
D. Objectives of the Study............................................
E. Significance of the Study .........................................
F. Research Paper Organization...................................
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Previous Study .........................................................
B. Position of the Current Study ..................................
C. Interlanguage Pragmatics.........................................
D. Speech Acts .............................................................
E. Speech Acts of Complaint .......................................
F. Direct and Indirect Complaint .................................
G. Politeness .................................................................
1. Grice (1957 & 1975).........................................
2. Lakoff (1960) ....................................................
3. Brown & Levinson (1987) ................................
H. Impoliteness .............................................................
1. Culpeper (1996) and Bousfield (2008) .............
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Types of the Study ...................................................
B. Subject and Object of Research ...............................
C. Data and Data Source ..............................................
x
1
5
6
6
6
7
8
15
16
18
19
24
24
25
28
31
36
36
43
44
44
D. Technique for Collecting Data.................................
E. Research Procedures ................................................
F. Technique for Analyzing Data.................................
G. Credibility of the Data .............................................
H. Abbrevations ............................................................
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis .............................................................
1. Correlation of Pragmalinguistics Forms in
Complaint to Politeness/Impoliteness ...................
a. Politeness ...................................................
b. Impoliteness ...................................................
2. Correlation of Context Situations in
Complaint to Politeness/ Impoliteness ..................
a. Politeness........................................................
b. Impoliteness ...................................................
3. Correlation of Complainers-Complainees’
Reationship in Complaint to Politeness/
Impoliteness .........................................................
a. Polieness .........................................................
b. Impoliteness ...................................................
B. Research Findings ......................................................
C. Discussion of the Findings .........................................
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION
AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .................................................................
B. Pedagogical Implication .............................................
C. Suggestion ..................................................................
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xi
44
46
46
47
48
50
51
52
67
76
77
88
96
97
108
115
119
123
124
125
THE STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION ON POLITENESS/ IMPOLITENESS
IN INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS OF COMPLAINTS
BY EFL LEARNERS IN UMS
Hestuningtyas Maharani Perdana
S200150024
Magister of Language Study, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Email: hestumaharani@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Complaint is one of speech acts which potentially insults the
communicators, mainly to complainees. Their understanding on politeness and
impoliteness in interlanguage pragmatics of complaint is expected to minimize
face threatening act and to lose misunderstanding in communication. This
research aims to investigate the EFL learners’ understanding on politeness and
impoliteness in interlanguage pragmatics of complaints. Discourse Completion
Tasks (DCT) is choosen as the instrument in collecting data. The writer recruited
25 EFL learners to be respondents in this research. The findings discovered that
the EFL learners’ understanding on politeness/ impoliteness were not separated
from their comprehension on social distance, status level, and imposition degree
in their cultural dimension. The social aspects such as pragmalinguistics forms,
context situations, and complaineers-complainees’ relationship of complaint
determine politeness/ impoliteness.
Keywords: politeness, impoliteness, interlanguage pragmatics comprehension,
complaints
xii
ABSTRAK
Komplain merupakan salah satu ujaran yang berpotensi menghina
komunikator, utamanya orang yang dikomplain. Pemahaman mereka terhadap
kesantunan dan ketidaksantunan dalam interanguage pragmatics pada komplain
diharapkan mampu mengurangi ancaman wajah dan menghilangkan
kesalahpahaman dalam berkomunikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti
pemahaman pembelajar bahasa Inggris terhadap kesantunan dan ketidaksantunan
di dalam komplain pada interlanguage pragmatics. Discourse Completion Tasks
(DCT) dipilih sebagai instrumen dalam pengumpulan data. Penulis merekrut 25
mahasiswa pembelajar bahasa asing menjadi responden dalam penelitian.
Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pemahaman mahasiswa pembelajar bahasa asing
terhadap kesantunan/ ketidaksantunan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari pemahaman
mereka terhadap jarak sosial, tingkatan status, dan tingkatan kesalahan dalam
dimensi budaya mereka. Aspek-aspek sosial, misalkan bentuk-bentuk
pragmalinguistik, konteks situasi, dan hubungan antara pengkomplain dan orang
yang dikomplain menentukan bentuk kesantunan dan ketidaksantunan.
Kata kunci: kesantunan, ketidak santunan, pemahaman interlanguage pragmatics,
komplain
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. The students’ understanding about politeness on pragmalinguistics forms
in ILP of complaint
Table 2. The students’ understanding about impoliteness on pragmalinguistics
forms in ILP of complaint
Table 3. The students’ understanding about politeness on the context situation in
ILP of complaint
Table 4. The students’ understanding about impoliteness on the context situation
in ILP of complaint
Table 5.The students’ understanding about politeness on the complainerscomplainees’ relationship in ILP of complaint
Table 6. The students’ understanding about impoliteness on the complainerscomplainees’ relationship in ILP of complaint
Table 7.The students’ understanding about politeness/ impoliteness on
pragmalinguistics forms in ILP of complaint
Table 8. The students’ understanding about politeness/ impoliteness on context
situations in ILP of complaint
Table 9.The students’ understanding about politeness/ impoliteness on
complainer-complainees’ relationship in ILP of complaint
xiv
LIST OF CODES
EFL
: English as Foreign Language
DCT
: Discourse Completion Task
L
: Learner
PL
: Politeness
IMPL
: Impoliteness
Rsn
: Giving honest reasons
Hnts
: Using hints to soften complaint
Pls
: Using word please to appreciate the listener
Cld
: Using modal could to keep the listener’s privacy
Exc
: Using phrase excuse me to lengthen social distance
Sry
: Using sentence I’m sorry to keep the listener’s freedom
NDmnd
: Avoiding imposing/ demanding the listener
NItj
: Omitting interjection/ high tone
NBlm
: Avoiding blaming the others
NIslt
: Avoiding insulting the others
Drct
: Using direct statements
HThn
: Using hints to threaten implicitly
NExc
: Omitting phrase excuse me to lengthen social distance
Dmnd
: Using imposing/ demanding utterance
Itj
: Using interjection
Blm
: Blaming the others
Req
: Using polite request
Rel
: Relevant to the context
Ang
: Avoiding to express anger
Tol
: Tolerant with the imposition
Priv
: Do not keep the listener’s privacy
Noff
:Avoiding offending the others
Offn
: The other making serious offences
NSer
: No serious problem
Expn
: Expanding the problems
PCls
: Using polite language to close relationship
xv
ImCls
: Using impolite language to close relationship
PFm
: Using polite language to familiar relationship
PUnfm
: Using polite language to unfamiliar relationship
PHigh
: Using polite language to high power relationship
PEql
: Using polite language to equal power relationship
PLow
: using polite language to low power relationship
Infrm
:Using informal language to close relationship
ImFm
: Using impolite language to familiar relationship
ImUnfm
: Using impolite language to unfamiliar relationship
ImHigh
: Using impolite language to high power relationship
xvi