bldg:storeyHeightsAboveGround Code lists

Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. 273 gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458885.0 5438350.0 112.0 458885.0 5438355.0 112.0 458885.0 5438355.0 116.0 458885.0 5438350.0 116.0 458885.0 5438350.0 112.0 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember -- Face Side 3 -- gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458885.0 5438355.0 112.0 458875.0 5438355.0 112.0 458875.0 5438355.0 116.0 458885.0 5438355.0 116.0 458885.0 5438355.0 112.0 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember -- Face Side 4 -- gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458875.0 5438355.0 112.0 458875.0 5438350.0 112.0 458875.0 5438350.0 116.0 458875.0 5438355.0 116.0 458875.0 5438355.0 112.0 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember -- Face Top -- gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458875.0 5438350.0 116.0 458885.0 5438350.0 116.0 458885.0 5438355.0 116.0 458875.0 5438355.0 116.0 458875.0 5438350.0 116.0 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember -- Face Bottom -- gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458875.0 5438350.0 112.0 458875.0 5438355.0 112.0 458885.0 5438355.0 112.0 458885.0 5438350.0 112.0 458875.0 5438350.0 112.0 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:CompositeSurface gml:exterior gml:Solid bldg:lod1Solid bldg:address Address xalAddress xAL:AddressDetails xAL:Country xAL:CountryName Germany xAL:CountryName xAL:Locality Type= Town xAL:LocalityName Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen xAL:LocalityName xAL:Thoroughfare Type= Street xAL:ThoroughfareNumber 1 xAL:ThoroughfareNumber xAL:ThoroughfareName Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz xAL:ThoroughfareName xAL:Thoroughfare xAL:PostalCode xAL:PostalCodeNumber 76344 xAL:PostalCodeNumber xAL:PostalCode xAL:Locality xAL:Country xAL:AddressDetails 274 Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. xalAddress multiPoint gml:MultiPoint gml:pointMember gml:Point gml:pos srsDimension= 3 458880.0 5438352.6 112.0 gml:pos gml:Point gml:pointMember gml:MultiPoint multiPoint Address bldg:address bldg:Building cityObjectMember cityObjectMember dem:ReliefFeature gml:id= GML_6bb30328-7599-4500-90ef-766fde6aa67b gml:name Example TIN LOD1 gml:name dem:lod 1 dem:lod dem:reliefComponent dem:TINRelief gml:id= GML_4eb161b0-aa7e-4087-937c-5c4c427c7fc9 gml:name Ground gml:name dem:lod 1 dem:lod dem:tin gml:TriangulatedSurface gml:trianglePatches gml:Triangle gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458868.0 5438362.0 112.0 458875.0 5438355.0 112.0 458883.0 5438362.0 114.0 458868.0 5438362.0 112.0 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Triangle gml:Triangle … gml:Triangle … more triangles gml:trianglePatches gml:TriangulatedSurface dem:tin dem:TINRelief dem:reliefComponent dem:ReliefFeature cityObjectMember CityModel Listing 4: Excerpt from the CityGML dataset for a building in LOD1 visualised in Fig. 76. Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. 275 G.3 Example of a CityGML dataset for a building in LOD2 The building model from the previous chapters is now represented in LOD2. The model reflects the actual roof structure and contains boundary surfaces bldg:boundedBy which semantically classify the surfaces of the exterior building shell bldg:RoofSurface, bldg:WallSurface, and bldg:GroundSurface. In addition to the the- matic boudary surfaces, the building geometry is also described using an LOD2 solid geometry gml:Solid. According to conformance requirement no. 4 of the Building module cf. chapter 10.3.9, this solid geometry must reference the geometry of the boundary surfaces by using the GML3 XLink mechanism xlink:href, printed in bold in the following Listing 5. Fig. 77: Example of a CityGML building model in LOD2 left: 3D graphic; right: model hierachy. ?xml version=1.0 encoding=utf-8? CityModel xmlns:xsi = http:www.w3.org2001XMLSchema-instance xmlns= http:www.opengis.netcitygml2.0 xmlns:gml = http:www.opengis.netgml xmlns:xlink = http:www.w3.org1999xlink xmlns:bldg = http:www.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0 xmlns:dem = http:www.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0 xmlns:xAL = urn:oasis:names:tc:ciq:xsdschema:xAL:2.0 xsi:schemaLocation= http:www.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0 http:schemas.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0building.xsd http:www.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0 http:schemas.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0relief.xsd gml:name Simple 3D city model LOD2 without Appearance gml:name gml:boundedBy gml:Envelope srsDimension= 3 srsName= urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::25832,crs:EPSG::5783 gml:lowerCorner 458868.0 5438343.0 112.0 gml:lowerCorner gml:upperCorner 458892.0 5438362.0 117.0 gml:upperCorner gml:Envelope gml:boundedBy cityObjectMember bldg:Building gml:id= GML_7b1a5a6f-ddad-4c3d-a507-3eb9ee0a8e68 gml:name Example Building LOD2 gml:name … further attributes see LOD1 example bldg:lod2Solid gml:Solid gml:exterior gml:CompositeSurface -- Ground Slab -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_d3981803-d4b0-4b5b-969c-53f657594757 -- Wall South -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_1d350a50-6acc-4d3c-8c28-326ca4305fd1 -- Wall North -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_d3909000-2f18-4472-8886-1c127ea67df1 -- Wall East -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_6286ffa9-3811-4796-a92f-3fd037c8e668 -- Wall West -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_5cc4fd92-d5de-4dd8-971e-892c91da2d9f -- Roof North -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_ec6a8966-58d9-4894-8edd-9aceb91b923f -- Roof South -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_b41dc792-5da6-4cd9-8f85-247583f305e3 gml:CompositeSurface 276 Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. gml:exterior gml:Solid bldg:lod2Solid bldg:boundedBy bldg:GroundSurface gml:name Ground Slab gml:name bldg:lod2MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_d3981803-d4b0-4b5b-969c-53f657594757 gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458875.0 5438350.0 112.0 458875.0 5438355.0 112.0 458885.0 5438355.0 112.0 458885.0 5438350.0 112.0 458875.0 5438350.0 112.0 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod2MultiSurface bldg:GroundSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:WallSurface gml:name Wall South gml:name bldg:lod2MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_1d350a50-6acc-4d3c-8c28-326ca4305fd1 gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458875.0 5438350.0 112.0 458885.0 5438350.0 112.0 458885.0 5438350.0 115.0 458875.0 5438350.0 115.0 458875.0 5438350.0 112.0 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod2MultiSurface bldg:WallSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:WallSurface gml:name Wall North gml:name bldg:lod2MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_d3909000-2f18-4472-8886-1c127ea67df1 … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod2MultiSurface bldg:WallSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:WallSurface gml:name Wall East gml:name bldg:lod2MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_6286ffa9-3811-4796-a92f-3fd037c8e668 … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod2MultiSurface bldg:WallSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:WallSurface gml:name Wall West gml:name bldg:lod2MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. 277 gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_5cc4fd92-d5de-4dd8-971e-892c91da2d9f … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod2MultiSurface bldg:WallSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:RoofSurface gml:name Roof North gml:name bldg:lod2MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_ec6a8966-58d9-4894-8edd-9aceb91b923f … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod2MultiSurface bldg:RoofSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:RoofSurface gml:name Roof South gml:name bldg:lod2MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_b41dc792-5da6-4cd9-8f85-247583f305e3 … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod2MultiSurface bldg:RoofSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:address Address xalAddress xAL:AddressDetails … xAL:AddressDetails xalAddress multiPoint gml:MultiPoint gml:pointMember gml:Point gml:pos srsDimension= 3 458880.0 5438352.7 112.0 gml:pos gml:Point gml:pointMember gml:MultiPoint multiPoint Address bldg:address bldg:Building cityObjectMember cityObjectMember dem:ReliefFeature gml:id= GML_6bb30328-7599-4500-90ef-766fde6aa67b gml:name Example TIN LOD2 gml:name dem:lod 2 dem:lod dem:reliefComponent dem:TINRelief gml:id= GML_4eb161b0-aa7e-4087-937c-5c4c427c7fc9 gml:name Ground gml:name dem:lod 2 dem:lod dem:tin … dem:tin dem:TINRelief dem:reliefComponent dem:ReliefFeature cityObjectMember CityModel Listing 5: Excerpt from the CityGML dataset for a building in LOD2 visualised in Fig. 77. 278 Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. G.4 Example of a CityGML dataset for a building in LOD2 with an adjacent building part illustrating CityGML’s topology representation This example illustrates CityGML’s topology representation which uses the XLink mechanism of GML3 cf. chapter 8.1. The LOD2 model of annex G.3 is extended by placing an adjacent garage next to the building cf. Fig. 78. The garage is modelled as building part bldg:BuildingPart and shares a common surface geometry with the building shell. For both the building and the garage thematic boundary surfaces bldg:boundedBy as well as separate solid geometries are given. The wall surface of the building where the garage touches the build- ing is depicted in Fig. 79. For the building, the surface geometry is split into a non-shared and a shared part see bldg:WallSurface with gml:name “Wall East”. The latter is referenced by the garage both by its corresponding bldg:WallSurface gml:name “Garage Wall West” and its solid geometry. Since the orientation of the shared surface has to be reversed in the context of the garage, the XLink reference is embraced by a gml:OrientableSurface element. The XLinks pointing from the garage to the building geometry explicitly denote the topological adjacency relation between both features. Fig. 78: Example of a CityGML building model in LOD2 with an adjacent building part garage which shares a common boundary surface left: 3D graphic; right: model hierachy. Fig. 79: The boundary surface where the garage touches the building. For the building, the geometry is split into a non-shared part “Wall East”, Polygon 1 and a shared part “Wall East”, Polygon 2. Only the latter is referenced by the garage using the XLink mechanism. ?xml version=1.0 encoding=utf-8? CityModel xmlns:xsi = http:www.w3.org2001XMLSchema-instance xmlns = http:www.opengis.netcitygml2.0 xmlns:xAL = urn:oasis:names:tc:ciq:xsdschema:xAL:2.0 xmlns:xlink = http:www.w3.org1999xlink xmlns:gml = http:www.opengis.netgml xmlns:dem = http:www.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0 xmlns:bldg = http:www.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0 schemaLocation = http:www.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0 http:schemas.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0building.xsd http:www.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0 http:schemas.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0relief.xsd gml:name 3D city model LOD2 without Appearance gml:name gml:boundedBy gml:Envelope srsDimension = 3 srsName = urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::25832,crs:EPSG::5783 gml:lowerCorner 458868.0 5438343.0 112.0 gml:lowerCorner gml:upperCorner 458892.0 5438362.0 117.0 gml:upperCorner gml:Envelope gml:boundedBy cityObjectMember WallSurface “Wall East”, Polygon 1 WallSurface “Wall East”, Polygon 2 WallSurface “Garage Wall West” XLink to “Wall East”, Polygon 2 Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. 279 bldg:Building gml:id = GML_7b1a5a6f-ddad-4c3d-a507-3eb9ee0a8e68 gml:name Example Building LOD2 gml:name … further attributes see LOD1 example bldg:lod2Solid gml:Solid gml:exterior gml:CompositeSurface -- Ground Slab -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href = GML_d3981803-d4b0-4b5b-969c-53f657594757 -- Wall South -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href = GML_1d350a50-6acc-4d3c-8c28-326ca4305fd1 -- Wall North -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href = GML_d3909000-2f18-4472-8886-1c127ea67df1 -- Wall East 1 -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href = GML_56d1dd88-36dd-4d1e-bff0-3305fbffa778 -- Wall East 2 -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href = GML_9f0465e6-f316-4f89-a9bd-eb21934ffe84 -- Wall West -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href = GML_5cc4fd92-d5de-4dd8-971e-892c91da2d9f -- Roof North -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href = GML_ec6a8966-58d9-4894-8edd-9aceb91b923f -- Roof South -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href = GML_b41dc792-5da6-4cd9-8f85-247583f305e3 gml:CompositeSurface gml:exterior gml:Solid bldg:lod2Solid bldg:boundedBy bldg:GroundSurface gml:name Ground Slab gml:name bldg:lod2MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_d3981803-d4b0-4b5b-969c-53f657594757 gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458875.0 5438350.0 112.0 458875.0 5438355.0 112.0 458885.0 5438355.0 112.0 458885.0 5438350.0 112.0 458875.0 5438350.0 112.0 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod2MultiSurface bldg:GroundSurface bldg:boundedBy … bldg:boundedBy bldg:WallSurface gml:name Wall East gml:name bldg:lod2MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id = GML_56d1dd88-36dd-4d1e-bff0-3305fbffa778 gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458885.0 5438350.0 112.0 458885.0 5438351.0 112.0 458885.0 5438351.0 114.5 458885.0 5438355.0 114.3 458885.0 5438355.0 115.0 458885.0 5438352.5 117.0 458885.0 5438350.0 115.0 458885.0 5438350.0 112.0 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id = GML_9f0465e6-f316-4f89-a9bd-eb21934ffe84 gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458885.0 5438355.0 112.0 458885.0 5438355.0 114.3 458885.0 5438351.0 114.5 458885.0 5438351.0 112.0 458885.0 5438355.0 112.0 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod2MultiSurface bldg:WallSurface 280 Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. bldg:boundedBy … bldg:consistsOfBuildingPart bldg:BuildingPart gml:id = GMLID_BUI379228_1244_301 gml:name Example BuildingPart LOD2 gml:name bldg:function codeSpace = http:www.sig3d.orgcodelistsstandardbuilding2.0_AbstractBuilding_function.xml 1630 bldg:function bldg:yearOfConstruction 1985 bldg:yearOfConstruction bldg:roofType codeSpace = http:www.sig3d.orgcodelistsstandardbuilding2.0_AbstractBuilding_roofType.xml 1010 bldg:roofType bldg:measuredHeight uom = m 2.5 bldg:measuredHeight bldg:lod2Solid gml:Solid gml:exterior gml:CompositeSurface -- Garage Ground Slab -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href = GML_2e1ff653-b62b-41ee-9f99-d6852ae7d567 -- Garage Wall South -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href = GML_f3f56c7b-7e59-47bc-ba03-d841032f1a37 -- Garage Wall North -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href = GML_5339468c-b2cb-4a99-9eb5-8b0660fb26d3 -- Garage Wall East -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href = GML_dab75f49-f6f8-4490-b86b-450b613e1fc2 -- Garage Wall West identical with Wall East 2 of Building -- gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation = - gml:baseSurface xlink:href = GML_9f0465e6-f316-4f89-a9bd-eb21934ffe84 gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember -- Garage Roof -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href = GML_7996bef1-f045-4704-be27-db27430d4f70 gml:CompositeSurface gml:exterior gml:Solid bldg:lod2Solid bldg:boundedBy bldg:WallSurface gml:name Garage Wall East gml:name bldg:lod2MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_dab75f49-f6f8-4490-b86b-450b613e1fc2 gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458887.5 5438355.0 114.3 458887.5 5438351.0 114.5 458887.5 5438351.0 112.0 458887.5 5438355.0 112.0 458887.5 5438355.0 114.3 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod2MultiSurface bldg:WallSurface bldg:boundedBy … bldg:boundedBy bldg:WallSurface gml:name Garage Wall West gml:name bldg:lod2MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember -- identical with Wall East 2 of Building -- gml:OrientableSurface orientation = - gml:baseSurface xlink:href = GML_9f0465e6-f316-4f89-a9bd-eb21934ffe84 gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod2MultiSurface bldg:WallSurface bldg:boundedBy … bldg:BuildingPart bldg:consistsOfBuildingPart bldg:address Address xalAddress Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. 281 xAL:AddressDetails … xAL:AddressDetails xalAddress multiPoint … multiPoint Address bldg:address bldg:Building cityObjectMember cityObjectMember dem:ReliefFeature gml:id = GML_6bb30328-7599-4500-90ef-766fde6aa67b gml:name Example TIN LOD2 gml:name dem:lod 2 dem:lod dem:reliefComponent dem:TINRelief gml:id = GML_4eb161b0-aa7e-4087-937c-5c4c427c7fc9 gml:name Ground gml:name dem:lod 2 dem:lod dem:tin … dem:tin dem:TINRelief dem:reliefComponent dem:ReliefFeature cityObjectMember CityModel Listing 6: Excerpt from the CityGML dataset for a building in LOD2 having an adjacent garage as visualised in Fig. 78. 282 Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. G.5 Example of a CityGML dataset for a building in LOD3 The LOD3 building model illustrated in this chapter cf. Fig. 80 adds doors bldg:Door, windows bldg:Window and roof overhangs bldg:RoofSurface to the LOD2 representation of the previous chapters. Again, a solid geometry for the LOD3 of the building is realized by referencing the geometries of the thematic boundary surfaces using the GML3 XLink mechanism xlink:href. In order to get a valid solid geometry, the roof surfaces are geometrically split into the roof slab and the roof overhang parts. Only the geometry of the roof slab is referenced by the solid. Walls composed of serveral surfaces e.g. reveals are modeled as gml:CompositeSurface which then is referenced by the building solid. Boundary surfaces containing openings for doors or windows are modeled with polygons having one exterior and serval interior linear rings according to conformance requirement no. 8 of the Building module, cf. chapter 10.4.8. Fig. 80: Example of a CityGML building model in LOD3 left: 3D graphic; right: model hierachy. ?xml version=1.0 encoding=utf-8? CityModel xmlns:xsi = http:www.w3.org2001XMLSchema-instance xmlns= http:www.opengis.netcitygml2.0 xmlns:gml = http:www.opengis.netgml xmlns:xlink = http:www.w3.org1999xlink xmlns:bldg = http:www.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0 xmlns:dem = http:www.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0 xmlns:xAL = urn:oasis:names:tc:ciq:xsdschema:xAL:2.0 xsi:schemaLocation= http:www.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0 http:schemas.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0building.xsd http:www.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0 http:schemas.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0relief.xsd gml:name Simple 3D city model LOD3 without Appearance gml:name gml:boundedBy gml:Envelope srsDimension= 3 srsName= urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::25832,crs:EPSG::5783 gml:lowerCorner 458868.0 5438343.0 112.0 gml:lowerCorner gml:upperCorner 458892.0 5438362.0 117.0 gml:upperCorner gml:Envelope gml:boundedBy cityObjectMember bldg:Building gml:id= GML_7b1a5a6f-ddad-4c3d-a507-3eb9ee0a8e68 gml:name Example Building LOD3 gml:name … further attributes see LOD1 example bldg:boundedBy bldg:GroundSurface gml:name Ground Slab gml:name … see LOD2 example bldg:GroundSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:WallSurface gml:name Wall South gml:name bldg:lod3MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:CompositeSurface gml:id= GML_1d350a50-6acc-4d3c-8c28-326ca4305fd1 gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= PolyID10204_1916_571790_369478 … Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. 283 gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= PolyID10205_105_876837_53833 gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458875.0 5438350.0 112.0 458885.0 5438350.0 112.0 458885.0 5438350.0 115.0 458875.0 5438350.0 115.0 458875.0 5438350.0 112.0 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:interior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458877.0 5438350.0 114.2 458878.5 5438350.0 114.2 458878.5 5438350.0 113.2 458877.0 5438350.0 113.2 458877.0 5438350.0 114.2 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:interior gml:interior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458881.5 5438350.0 114.2 458883.0 5438350.0 114.2 458883.0 5438350.0 113.2 458881.5 5438350.0 113.2 458881.5 5438350.0 114.2 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:interior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember … more surface members of the WallSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:CompositeSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod3MultiSurface bldg:opening bldg:Window gml:id= GML_3b09d6a5-4c24-4847-a8a2-e97475e3de47 gml:name Window South 1 gml:name bldg:lod3MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_5e07e2cc-c28c-480e-880f-dfdfe287bb9e … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod3MultiSurface bldg:Window bldg:opening bldg:opening bldg:Window gml:id= GML_f75f01cc-c584-4a62-b34a-4a0e2640550d gml:name Window South 2 gml:name bldg:lod3MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_d0ea2b6b-7992-4284-9a20-957a6c5c1cea … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod3MultiSurface bldg:Window bldg:opening bldg:WallSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:WallSurface gml:name Wall North gml:name … see LOD2 example bldg:WallSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:WallSurface gml:name Wall East gml:name bldg:lod3MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:CompositeSurface gml:id= GML_6286ffa9-3811-4796-a92f-3fd037c8e668 ... 284 Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. gml:CompositeSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod3MultiSurface bldg:opening bldg:Door gml:id= GML_93096bbb-5155-47fb-ae2c-e2f9327f3007 gml:name Door East gml:name bldg:lod3MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_8f988da9-22d7-41e5-ae94-880afd46a3c9 … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod3MultiSurface bldg:Door bldg:opening bldg:WallSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:WallSurface gml:name Wall West gml:name … see LOD2 example bldg:WallSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:RoofSurface gml:name Roof North gml:name bldg:lod3MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface -- Roof slab -- gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_ec6a8966-58d9-4894-8edd-9aceb91b923f … see LOD2 example gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember -- Roof overhanging -- gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_70fa738e-80a4-4774-8a3b-322f037fa482 gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458874.6 5438352.5 117 458875 5438352.5 117 458875 5438355 115 458885 5438355 115 458885 5438352.5 117 458885.4 5438352.5 117 458885.4 5438355.312347524 114.75012198097823 458874.6 5438355.312347524 114.75012198097823 458874.6 5438352.5 117 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod3MultiSurface bldg:RoofSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:RoofSurface gml:name Roof South gml:name bldg:lod3MultiSurface -- Roof slab -- gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_b41dc792-5da6-4cd9-8f85-247583f305e3 … see LOD2 example gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember -- Roof overhanging -- gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_db6d8edc-4870-4523-a606-d440f36f8ec8 … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod3MultiSurface bldg:RoofSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:lod3Solid gml:Solid Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. 285 gml:exterior gml:CompositeSurface -- Ground Slab -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_d3981803-d4b0-4b5b-969c-53f657594757 -- Wall South -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_1d350a50-6acc-4d3c-8c28-326ca4305fd1 -- Window South 1 -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_5e07e2cc-c28c-480e-880f-dfdfe287bb9e -- Window South 2 -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_d0ea2b6b-7992-4284-9a20-957a6c5c1cea -- Wall North -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_d3909000-2f18-4472-8886-1c127ea67df1 -- Wall East -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_6286ffa9-3811-4796-a92f-3fd037c8e668 -- Door East -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_8f988da9-22d7-41e5-ae94-880afd46a3c9 -- Wall West -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_5cc4fd92-d5de-4dd8-971e-892c91da2d9f -- Roof Slab North -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_ec6a8966-58d9-4894-8edd-9aceb91b923f -- Roof Slab South -- gml:surfaceMember xlink:href= GML_b41dc792-5da6-4cd9-8f85-247583f305e3 gml:CompositeSurface gml:exterior gml:Solid bldg:lod3Solid bldg:address Address ... see LOD1 example Address bldg:address bldg:Building cityObjectMember cityObjectMember dem:ReliefFeature gml:id= GML_6bb30328-7599-4500-90ef-766fde6aa67b … see LOD1 example dem:ReliefFeature cityObjectMember CityModel Listing 7: Excerpt from the CityGML dataset for the buildings in LOD3 visualised in Fig. 80. 286 Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. G.6 Example of a CityGML dataset for a building in LOD4 In LOD4, the building is completed with the representation of the building interior cf. Fig. 81. The model contains a room bldg:Room, which is equipped with a rocking chair bldg:BuildingFurniture. The room is bounded by interior boundary surfaces bldg:InteriorWallSurface, bldg:FloorSurface, bldg:CeilingSurface, associated through the bldg:boundedBy property of the room whose geometries are referenced by the LOD4 solid geometry of the room xlink:href. If the normal vector of an interior boundary surface is pointing into the room, its orientation has to be flipped using an orientable surface gml:OrientableSurface when referenced from the solid in order to create a valid solid geometry for a gml:Solid, the normal vectors of the surfaces bounding the volume have to point outwards the volume. Fig. 81: Example of a CityGML building model in LOD4. The roof surfaces are not shown in order to visualize the interior boundary surfaces as well as the building furniture left: 3D graphic; right: model hierachy. ?xml version=1.0 encoding=utf-8? CityModel xmlns:xsi = http:www.w3.org2001XMLSchema-instance xmlns= http:www.opengis.netcitygml2.0 xmlns:gml = http:www.opengis.netgml xmlns:xlink = http:www.w3.org1999xlink xmlns:bldg = http:www.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0 xmlns:dem = http:www.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0 xmlns:xAL = urn:oasis:names:tc:ciq:xsdschema:xAL:2.0 xsi:schemaLocation= http:www.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0 http:schemas.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0building.xsd http:www.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0 http:schemas.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0relief.xsd gml:name Simple 3D city model LOD4 without Appearance gml:name gml:boundedBy gml:Envelope srsDimension= 3 srsName= urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::25832,crs:EPSG::5783 gml:lowerCorner 458868.0 5438343.0 112.0 gml:lowerCorner gml:upperCorner 458892.0 5438362.0 117.0 gml:upperCorner gml:Envelope gml:boundedBy cityObjectMember bldg:Building gml:id= GML_7b1a5a6f-ddad-4c3d-a507-3eb9ee0a8e68 gml:name Example Building LOD4 gml:name … further attributes see LOD1 example bldg:boundedBy … outer shell see LOD3 example bldg:lod4Solid … building solid representation see LOD3 example bldg:lod4Solid bldg:interiorRoom bldg:Room bldg:lod4Solid gml:Solid gml:exterior gml:CompositeSurface -- Floor -- gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation= - gml:baseSurface xlink:href= GML_fa89e511-39b2-46de-9a13-9f4621576a46 gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember -- Interior Wall North -- Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. 287 gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation= - gml:baseSurface xlink:href= GML_592ce9fa-0b98-4225-8d22-20eff4f86fc5 gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember -- Interior Wall West -- gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation= - gml:baseSurface xlink:href= GML_a9fe597d-c338-43ad-a633-2a0beb273fac gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember -- Interior Wall East -- gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation= - gml:baseSurface xlink:href= GML_eaf1db16-56a3-4b86-ae19-2edbb604636f gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember -- Door East -- gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation= + gml:baseSurface xlink:href= GML_8f988da9-22d7-41e5-ae94-880afd46a3c9 gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember -- Interior Wall South -- gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation= - gml:baseSurface xlink:href= GML_a718c157-c948-42cf-a786-0ce61044cff9 gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember -- Window South 1 -- gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation= + gml:baseSurface xlink:href= GML_5e07e2cc-c28c-480e-880f-dfdfe287bb9e gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember -- Window South 2 -- gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation= + gml:baseSurface xlink:href= GML_d0ea2b6b-7992-4284-9a20-957a6c5c1cea gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember -- Ceiling North -- gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation= - gml:baseSurface xlink:href= GML_989aa5cf-ee07-4fd8-89b6-500a9d5ba8041 gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember -- Ceiling South -- gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation= - gml:baseSurface xlink:href= GML_98841838-ee0b-402f-ba28-64ed61cb10f8 gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:CompositeSurface gml:exterior gml:Solid bldg:lod4Solid bldg:boundedBy bldg:InteriorWallSurface gml:name Interior Wall North gml:name bldg:lod4MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_592ce9fa-0b98-4225-8d22-20eff4f86fc5 … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod4MultiSurface bldg:InteriorWallSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:InteriorWallSurface gml:name Interior Wall West gml:name bldg:lod4MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface 288 Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_a9fe597d-c338-43ad-a633-2a0beb273fac … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod4MultiSurface bldg:InteriorWallSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:InteriorWallSurface gml:name Interior Wall East gml:name bldg:lod4MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:CompositeSurface gml:id= GML_eaf1db16-56a3-4b86-ae19-2edbb604636f gml:surfaceMember … gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember … gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember … gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember … gml:surfaceMember gml:CompositeSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod4MultiSurface bldg:opening bldg:Door gml:name Door East gml:name bldg:lod4MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation= - gml:baseSurface xlink:href= GML_8f988da9-22d7-41e5-ae94-880afd46a3c9 gml:baseSurface gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod4MultiSurface bldg:Door bldg:opening bldg:InteriorWallSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:InteriorWallSurface gml:name Interior Wall South gml:name bldg:lod4MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:CompositeSurface gml:id= GML_a718c157-c948-42cf-a786-0ce61044cff9 gml:surfaceMember … gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember … gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember … gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember … gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember … gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember … gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_cf0b79ba-f31f-4bae-a10f-5bcc85ce2cf6 gml:exterior Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. 289 … gml:exterior gml:interior … gml:interior gml:interior … gml:interior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember … gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember … gml:surfaceMember gml:CompositeSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod4MultiSurface bldg:opening bldg:Window gml:name Window South 1 gml:name bldg:lod4MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation= - gml:baseSurface xlink:href= GML_5e07e2cc-c28c-480e-880f-dfdfe287bb9e gml:baseSurface gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod4MultiSurface bldg:Window bldg:opening bldg:opening bldg:Window gml:name Window South 2 gml:name bldg:lod4MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:OrientableSurface orientation= - gml:baseSurface xlink:href= GML_d0ea2b6b-7992-4284-9a20-957a6c5c1cea gml:baseSurface gml:OrientableSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod4MultiSurface bldg:Window bldg:opening bldg:InteriorWallSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:FloorSurface gml:name Floor gml:name bldg:lod4MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_fa89e511-39b2-46de-9a13-9f4621576a46 … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod4MultiSurface bldg:FloorSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:CeilingSurface gml:name Ceiling South gml:name bldg:lod4MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_989aa5cf-ee07-4fd8-89b6-500a9d5ba8041 … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod4MultiSurface 290 Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. bldg:CeilingSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:boundedBy bldg:CeilingSurface gml:name Ceiling North gml:name bldg:lod4MultiSurface gml:MultiSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= GML_98841838-ee0b-402f-ba28-64ed61cb10f8 … gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod4MultiSurface bldg:CeilingSurface bldg:boundedBy bldg:interiorFurniture bldg:BuildingFurniture gml:name Rocking Chair gml:name bldg:function codeSpace= http:www.sig3d.orgcodelistsstandardbuilding2.0BuildingFurniture_function.xml 1340 bldg:function bldg:lod4Geometry gml:MultiSurface … gml:MultiSurface bldg:lod4Geometry bldg:BuildingFurniture bldg:interiorFurniture bldg:Room bldg:interiorRoom bldg:address … address see LOD1 example bldg:address bldg:Building cityObjectMember cityObjectMember dem:ReliefFeature gml:id= GML_6bb30328-7599-4500-90ef-766fde6aa67b … see LOD1 example dem:ReliefFeature cityObjectMember CityModel Listing 8: Excerpt from the CityGML dataset for the buildings in LOD4 visualised in Fig. 81. Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. 291 G.7 Example of a CityGML dataset illustrating the appearance model The following CityGML dataset is based on the simple building model from chapters G.2 and G.3 given in LOD1 and LOD2. Furthermore two separate appearance themes are defined – a summer theme and a winter theme – describing different visual appearances for the building and the surrounding terrain. Each LOD has an individual appearance for these specific themes. Several concepts of CityGML’s appearance model are used in this dataset. Regarding LOD1, an X3DMaterial object defines the material of the whole building which is applied to all of its surfaces. In addition, a Georefer- encedTexture is assigned both to the terrain and the roof surface of the building. In LOD2 the vertical surfaces of the building are texturised individually using ParameterizedTexture objects whereas the roof surfaces and the terrain again are described by a GeoreferencedTexture. The texture mapping for the GeoreferencedTexture objects is given inline cf. Listing 9 as wells as using an ESRI world file cf. Listing 11. The modelling ap- proach results in four possible visualizations of the dataset that are represented in Fig. 82 and Fig. 83. a. b. Fig. 82 : Visualisation of a simple building in LOD1 using CityGML’s appearance model. Two themes are defined for the building and the surrounding terrain: a theme showing the building in summer and b showing the building in winter image: Hasso-Plattner-Institute. a. b. Fig. 83 : Visualisation of a simple building in LOD2 using CityGML’s appearance model. Two themes are defined for the building and the surrounding terrain: a theme showing the building in summer and b showing the building in winter image: Hasso-Plattner-Institute. ?xml version=1.0 encoding=utf-8? CityModel xmlns= http:www.opengis.netcitygml2.0 xmlns:xlink = http:www.w3.org1999xlink xmlns:gml = http:www.opengis.netgml xmlns:app = http:www.opengis.netcitygmlappearance2.0 xmlns:dem = http:www.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0 xmlns:bldg = http:www.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0 xmlns:xsi = http:www.w3.org2001XMLSchema-instance 292 Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. xsi:schemaLocation= http:www.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0 http:schemas.opengis.netcitygmlbuilding2.0building.xsd http:www.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0 http:schemas.opengis.netcitygmlrelief2.0relief.xsd http:www.opengis.netcitygmlappearance2.0 http:schemas.opengis.netcitygmlappearance2.0appearance.xsd gml:boundedBy gml:Envelope srsDimension= 3 srsName= urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::25832,crs:EPSG::5783 gml:lowerCorner 458868.0 5438343.0 112.0 gml:lowerCorner gml:upperCorner 458892.0 5438362.0 117.0 gml:upperCorner gml:Envelope gml:boundedBy cityObjectMember bldg:Building gml:id= GML_7b1a5a6f-ddad-4c3d-a507-3eb9ee0a8e68 bldg:function codeSpace= http:www.sig3d.orgcodelistsstandardbuilding2.0_AbstractBuilding_function.xml 1000 bldg:function bldg:yearOfConstruction 1985 bldg:yearOfConstruction bldg:roofType codeSpace= http:www.sig3d.orgcodelistsstandardbuilding2.0_AbstractBuilding_roofType.xml 1030 bldg:roofType bldg:measuredHeight uom= m 5.0 bldg:measuredHeight bldg:storeysAboveGround 1 bldg:storeysAboveGround bldg:storeyHeightsAboveGround uom= m

3.0 bldg:storeyHeightsAboveGround

bldg:lod1Solid gml:Solid gml:exterior gml:CompositeSurface gml:id= lod1Surface gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList srsDimension= 3 458875 5438350 112 458885 5438350 112 458885 5438350 116 458875 5438350 116 458875 5438350 112 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember … gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= lod1RoofPoly1 gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList srsDimension= 3 458875 5438350 116 458885 5438350 116 458885 5438355 116 458875 5438355 116 458875 5438350 116 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember … gml:CompositeSurface gml:exterior gml:Solid bldg:lod1Solid bldg:lod2Solid gml:Solid gml:exterior gml:CompositeSurface gml:surfaceMember gml:CompositeSurface gml:id= fLeft gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:id= fLeftExt1 gml:posList srsDimension= 3 458875 5438350 112 458880 5438350 112 458880 5438350 115 458875 5438350 115 458875 5438350 112 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:id= fLeftExt2 gml:posList srsDimension= 3 458880 5438350 112 458885 5438350 112 458885 5438350 115 458880 5438350 115 458880 5438350 112 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:CompositeSurface Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. 293 gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= fFront gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:id= fFrontExt gml:posList srsDimension= 3 458885 5438350 112 458885 5438355 112 458885 5438355 115 458885 5438352.5 117 458885 5438350 115 458885 5438350 112 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= fRight gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:id= fRightExt gml:posList srsDimension= 3 458885 5438355 112 458875 5438355 112 458875 5438355 115 458885 5438355 115 458885 5438355 112 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= fBack gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:id= fBackExt gml:posList srsDimension= 3 458875 5438355 112 458875 5438350 112 458875 5438350 115 458875 5438352.5 117 458875 5438355 115 458875 5438355 112 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= lod2RoofPoly1 gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList srsDimension= 3 458875 5438350 115 458885 5438350 115 458885 5438352.5 117 458875 5438352.5 117 458875 5438350 115 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:id= lod2RoofPoly2 gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList srsDimension= 3 458885 5438355 115 458875 5438355 115 458875 5438352.5 117 458885 5438352.5 117 458885 5438355 115 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:surfaceMember gml:Polygon gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList srsDimension= 3 458875 5438350 112 458875 5438355 112 458885 5438355 112 458885 5438350 112 458875 5438350 112 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Polygon gml:surfaceMember gml:CompositeSurface gml:exterior gml:Solid bldg:lod2Solid bldg:address … address see LOD1 example bldg:address bldg:Building cityObjectMember cityObjectMember dem:ReliefFeature gml:id= GML_6bb30328-7599-4500-90ef-766fde6aa67b dem:lod 1 dem:lod dem:reliefComponent dem:TINRelief gml:id= GML_4eb161b0-aa7e-4087-937c-5c4c427c7fc9 gml:name Ground gml:name 294 Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. dem:lod 1 dem:lod dem:tin gml:TriangulatedSurface gml:id= ground gml:trianglePatches gml:Triangle gml:exterior gml:LinearRing gml:posList 458868 5438362 112 458875 5438355 112 458883 5438362 114 458868 5438362 112 gml:posList gml:LinearRing gml:exterior gml:Triangle … gml:trianglePatches gml:TriangulatedSurface dem:tin dem:TINRelief dem:reliefComponent dem:ReliefFeature cityObjectMember app:appearanceMember app:Appearance app:theme Summer app:theme app:surfaceDataMember app:X3DMaterial gml:id= lod1Material app:diffuseColor 1.0 0.6 0.0 app:diffuseColor app:target lod1Surface app:target app:X3DMaterial app:surfaceDataMember app:surfaceDataMember app:GeoreferencedTexture app:imageURI ground_summer.png app:imageURI app:wrapMode none app:wrapMode app:referencePoint gml:Point gml:pos srsDimension= 2 458870 5438360 gml:pos gml:Point app:referencePoint app:orientation 0.05 0.0 0.0 -0.05 app:orientation app:target ground app:target app:target lod1RoofPoly1 app:target app:target lod2RoofPoly1 app:target app:target lod2RoofPoly2 app:target app:GeoreferencedTexture app:surfaceDataMember app:surfaceDataMember app:ParameterizedTexture gml:id= sideTexture app:imageURI facade.png app:imageURI app:wrapMode wrap app:wrapMode app:target uri= fLeft app:TexCoordList app:textureCoordinates ring= fLeftExt1 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 app:textureCoordinates app:textureCoordinates ring= fLeftExt2 2.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 app:textureCoordinates app:TexCoordList app:target app:target uri= fRight app:TexCoordGen app:worldToTexture -0.4 0.0 0.0 183550.0 0.0 0.0 0.3333 -37.3333 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 app:worldToTexture app:TexCoordGen app:target app:ParameterizedTexture app:surfaceDataMember app:surfaceDataMember app:ParameterizedTexture app:imageURI front_back_summer.png app:imageURI app:wrapMode none app:wrapMode app:target uri= fFront app:TexCoordList gml:id= frontTexCoord app:textureCoordinates ring= fFrontExt 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.25 1.0 0.0 0.6 0.0

0.0 app:textureCoordinates

app:TexCoordList app:target app:target uri= fBack app:TexCoordList gml:id= backTexCoord app:textureCoordinates ring= fBackExt 0.5 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.6 0.75 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.5

0.0 app:textureCoordinates

Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium. 295 app:TexCoordList app:target app:ParameterizedTexture app:surfaceDataMember app:Appearance app:appearanceMember app:appearanceMember app:Appearance app:theme Winter app:theme app:surfaceDataMember app:GeoreferencedTexture app:imageURI ground_winter.png app:imageURI app:wrapMode none app:wrapMode app:referencePoint gml:Point gml:pos srsDimension= 2 458870 5438360 gml:pos gml:Point app:referencePoint app:orientation 0.05 0.0 0.0 -0.05 app:orientation app:target ground app:target app:target lod1RoofPoly1 app:target app:target lod2RoofPoly1 app:target app:target lod2RoofPoly2 app:target app:GeoreferencedTexture app:surfaceDataMember app:surfaceDataMember xlink:href= lod1Material app:surfaceDataMember xlink:href= sideTexture app:surfaceDataMember app:ParameterizedTexture app:imageURI front_back_winter.png app:imageURI app:wrapMode none app:wrapMode app:target uri= fFront xlink:href= frontTexCoord app:target uri= fBack xlink:href= backTexCoord app:ParameterizedTexture app:surfaceDataMember app:Appearance app:appearanceMember CityModel Listing 9 : Excerpt from the CityGML dataset illustrating CityGML’s appearance model. The dataset is visualised in Fig. 82 and Fig. 83. The following three raster images Fig. 84 - Fig. 86 are referenced in the dataset by ParameterizedTexture objects to texturize the vertical boundary surfaces of the building in LOD2. The image facade.png cf. Fig. 84 is assigned to the side surfaces using the texture wrapping mode wrap and is applied both within the summer and the winter theme. Fig. 84: Image facade.png used in the dataset to texturize the side surfaces of the building in LOD2 cf. Fig. 83 a. and b. image: Hasso- Plattner-Institute. Fig. 85 shows the texture atlas front_back_summer.png combining the textures for the front surface and the back surface of the building in LOD2 within the summer theme. Only a portion of this image is assigned to the specif- ic surfaces. The relevant parts are defined using a TextCoordList object.