Mangrove forest resources in Indonesia
Mangrove forest resources in Indonesia
Elvin T. Choong1, R.Sambas Wirakusumah2 and Suminar S. Achmadi3
1
School of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
U.S.A.
2
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok, Java Indonesia
3
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Java
Indonesia
Available online 30 July 2004.
Abstract
Mangrove forests are widely distributed throughout the tropics where they grow abundantly
along the coasts. The estimated total area of mangrove forests in Indonesia is 4.25 million ha,
which represents about 20% of the world's mangroves. Of this, 2.94 million ha are stretched
along the coastal line of Irian Java and are still relatively virgin and unexploited. The remaining
1.31 million ha are found in the more populated areas of Indonesia, such as Java, Sumatra, and
Kalimantan where the mangrove forests have been heavily exploited for forest products,
agricultural land use, human settlements, and aquaculture development.
The mangrove is a unique and complex ecosystem. This paper examines the human effects on
the diverse utilization of this rich but fragile resource, summarizes the problems of managing the
Indonesian mangrove forests, and discusses protection and management techniques.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T6X-4D040K55&_user=6763742&_coverDate=06%2F01%2F1990&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_doca
nchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1368517787&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000070526&_versio
n=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=6763742&md5=7efe6557ad23f690e2a37f232e888700
Elvin T. Choong1, R.Sambas Wirakusumah2 and Suminar S. Achmadi3
1
School of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
U.S.A.
2
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok, Java Indonesia
3
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Java
Indonesia
Available online 30 July 2004.
Abstract
Mangrove forests are widely distributed throughout the tropics where they grow abundantly
along the coasts. The estimated total area of mangrove forests in Indonesia is 4.25 million ha,
which represents about 20% of the world's mangroves. Of this, 2.94 million ha are stretched
along the coastal line of Irian Java and are still relatively virgin and unexploited. The remaining
1.31 million ha are found in the more populated areas of Indonesia, such as Java, Sumatra, and
Kalimantan where the mangrove forests have been heavily exploited for forest products,
agricultural land use, human settlements, and aquaculture development.
The mangrove is a unique and complex ecosystem. This paper examines the human effects on
the diverse utilization of this rich but fragile resource, summarizes the problems of managing the
Indonesian mangrove forests, and discusses protection and management techniques.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T6X-4D040K55&_user=6763742&_coverDate=06%2F01%2F1990&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_doca
nchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1368517787&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000070526&_versio
n=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=6763742&md5=7efe6557ad23f690e2a37f232e888700