Traditional architecture of the South Sulawesi in Resistance the Local Culture

261 Journal of Government and Politics Vol.3 No.2 August 2012 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ is presenting new forms in the sense of the old elements which are updated. So it does not loose at all because there is a new interpreta- tion of the old form, but given the old meaning to avoid culture shock. d. A new form with new meaning. The appearance of architectural form presenting new forms, accompanied by a new meaning, because a to- tal paradigm shift of the architecture in design acculturated. In this context, the old culture has been abandoned. Understanding of cultural identity needs to be confirmed first, not in having an absolute common, or an exact likeness, but rather the unique- ness or individuality that distinguishes from others. Kevin Lynch sug- gested that the formation component of the identity architecture basi- cally there are three, namely: the uniqueness of the architecture itself, the structure or pattern of mutual relationship between architecture and the observers, and the meaning of which is absorbed by the observers, both physically functional and psychologically emotional Lynch in Budihardjo, 1997: 113-114. The current tendency which occurs, the emphasis of identity a little too heavy to protrusion of physical form, not referring to the occu- pants, users, and the observer. Whereas deterministic architecture speci- fied and patterned “top-down” have been long doubted its reliability ac- commodate a variety of human activities. As an alternative, the architec- ture of behavior contextual which patterned “bottom-up” must be more emboldened because it is considered to be more responsive to the guid- ance, desires, and aspirations. According to the idea of Peter Smithson, architects urbanist must be able to create a tough environment that can be easily changed or grown by individuals and groups of residents. That is to make available opportunities for them to manifest themselves cre- atively Budihardjo, 1997: 114-115. Thus, more opportunities to par- ticipate for individuals in the society, it will be too willing to love and nurture the environment independently.

2. Traditional architecture of the South Sulawesi in Resistance the Local Culture

Utilization of traditional architectural models in the present building, Applying Policy Of South Sulawesi Architecture In Governmental Office And Public Building PANGERAN PAITA YUNUS, SOEDARSONO SOEDARSONO, GUSTAMI GUSTAMI http:dx.doi.org10.18196jgp.2012.0013 262 Journal of Government and Politics Vol.3 No.2 August 2012 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ was often considered no longer able to completely follow the dynamics of the society needs. Often considered to occur disharmony between the presence of traditional architectural model that is virtually stagnant, with the dynamic demands of modern life which are always quick to change with its variations. In many cases, because the application of the tradi- tional architecture of the model is wrong, ignore rules as they should, resulting problem in a building or home. That kind of understanding underlies the considerations and the application of new models in the present home or building architecture with contemporary style as well, would not adopt the potential of the architecture of traditional house. If there is any effort to absorb the traditional home architecture model, e.g. the application of decorative arts on the Bugis particular building, then the adoption process in general is still not quite satisfactory because it presents only as a sweetener artistic ornament, the extent of light orna- ment itself, not because of considerations of wealth actualization tradi- tional architecture. The truth about the typical architecture of Indonesia will be proven and developed through history. A history which has relationship between past, present and future is the thing to keep rolling. The contradiction between the idea which is fighting each other and which is together will bring a new idea. The desire to show the modern architecture in Indone- sia as well as awareness to create architectural remained personality of Indonesia as much as possible not be used as obstruction and opposi- tion. Our duty, as architects, policy makers in government as well as owners of public buildings is to try to create a new breakthrough of the two of it becomes an idea that is not opposite each other but rather to the har- mony idea. Ideas then produces a specific pattern that will satisfy the public desire for the actual architecture of Indonesia while still adhering to the reality and the age spirit that is in the present. So we are not the ones who forget the past history, but also not considered a person who is realistic about the fact times that rolling. Understanding the architec- ture of our nation, will make us proud to be part of a great nation. When examined further, the real essence of traditional architecture is not art artwork that has not changed at all or remains, in terms of death Applying Policy Of South Sulawesi Architecture In Governmental Office And Public Building PANGERAN PAITA YUNUS, SOEDARSONO SOEDARSONO, GUSTAMI GUSTAMI http:dx.doi.org10.18196jgp.2012.0013 263 Journal of Government and Politics Vol.3 No.2 August 2012 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ static. Traditional architectural art work is art that is not static because of the factual existence, from generation to generation has always had his time representing the stages of completion. Improvements by adding the elements that are more adaptive to the demands of society who support for the arts is an important part in the process of stability of the tradition of art itself, so that traditional art should be understood as a dynamic art dynamic art in the sense that art is always open to the possibility of changes in both form and function Mardiman, 1994: 144-148. There is also a paradigm that considers that in the context of time, traditional is identified with the ancient past rather than modern, ultra modern or post-modern, which fully reflects the latest novelty. That is one of the causes of home with the traditional architecture that contains a variety of local wisdom judged ancient by most people, out of date until slowly began to be abandoned by stakeholders. In fact, it was real- ized that the transformation of traditional architectural models to mod- ern architecture can actually be processed by both in layout and the envi- ronment from time to time, if only it continues to be done in a high awareness. Looking for a form of traditional architecture for a new home with the implementation of the wise and comply with appropriate rules. The faster the transformation will be done, the greater and effective the benefits for society. For this reason that the underlying idea: the impor- tance of shared awareness for both trying to explore and understand again the local wisdom and excellence that embodied in the realm of the architecture of traditional house. Local wisdom and excellence that be- gan neglected, abandoned or even tend to be forgotten, needs to be revi- talized. The results of search, assessment and preservation of local wisdom possessed, needs to be transformed to be a stock of knowledge and skills that is necessary for advancing the science of architecture, for present and future generations, as well as for nature conservation and the envi- ronment. The application form identity and character of local cultural in the architecture of traditional houses in a variety of residential areas, shop- ping centers, tourist centers, and centers of government and private of- fices should continue to be done in conceptual and directional. In order Applying Policy Of South Sulawesi Architecture In Governmental Office And Public Building PANGERAN PAITA YUNUS, SOEDARSONO SOEDARSONO, GUSTAMI GUSTAMI http:dx.doi.org10.18196jgp.2012.0013 264 Journal of Government and Politics Vol.3 No.2 August 2012 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ to see clearly how the essence of cultural wisdom that applied to it, it can still be very functional. The concept of traditional architecture that apply to all regions, could contribute to be a transformer for the value you want passed to strengthen the resistance of local as well as national cul- ture. To realize the resistance of culture and context of the preservation and development of the traditional architecture of South Sulawesi, so. a. It needs efforts to understand the essence of each local moral values to be preserved as cultural heritage. b. It needs efforts to understand the substance of each value of local wisdom to be developed to the present dimensions, along with the changing times and technological advances that are moving into the future. c. That maintaining identity and local ethnic character is important in the middle of whipping by modernization and universalization ten- dency. It can come transformed through awareness of the cultural advantages possessed. d. Life is entitled to continue to grow as his time, but the change of eth- nic strategic environment that adopts local wisdom should also be taken into account and continue to be retained as the spirit for devel- opment as well as enhance the resistance of architecture with tradi- tional characterized Tato, 2010. In architecture, we know the tradition as a form and soul spirit. That need to be preserved and developed actually it’s not the form alone, but it is the soul or spirit of a place commonly called geniusloci or nature of a place. Physical form may change, even death, but kept alive the spirit should be sought. The implications for cultural identity-oriented devel- opment plans, it is clear that we must preserve the environment and even the antique historic old town. Preservation of cultural heritage is not cheap, but it was not impossible. Various ways can be taken, for example by combining the cultural aspects of the socioeconomic aspects. For ex- ample, the function of the ancient palace can be transformed into a mu- seum or art show, and so forth. So, how is our attitudes toward traditional architecture and environ- Applying Policy Of South Sulawesi Architecture In Governmental Office And Public Building PANGERAN PAITA YUNUS, SOEDARSONO SOEDARSONO, GUSTAMI GUSTAMI http:dx.doi.org10.18196jgp.2012.0013 265 Journal of Government and Politics Vol.3 No.2 August 2012 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ment in relation to the preservation of cultural values of South Sulawesi? It has been mentioned in the beginning of this paper that South Sulawesi is known with its architectural characteristics of the specific roof shape: Tongkonan Toraja house with boat-like shape and the shape of pyramid roof of the traditional houses known Bugis-Makassar with Anjong timpalaja which has its own uniqueness. All of that is a source of inspiration to be cultivated and developed, in accordance with the demands of the times and technological advances. This form is certainly not to plagiarized for granted, because if so then we would not have developed the architecture. We expect a dynamic plural- ity which is responsive to change. In-depth study of traditional architec- ture, which will uncover the link between the values espoused and the physical form of architecture that is created, it clearly will enrich the ho- rizon of our understanding. Especially in elaborating a conceptual insight identity into the real form. The sooner conducted a study to explore the value of the wisdom of local traditional architecture, the impact will be the better, including the transformation efforts, the inheritance of the traditional architecture and technology of the elders, cultural scholars, sociologists and architects of traditional houses, it would be good before they are already passed away. It is expected to realize the sustainability of local traditional architec- ture of South Sulawesi can Rebuild past glory that is beneficial to the pride of the present. Heritage is realized in the explicit knowledge, which we desperately need in establishing the concept of ethnic local culture resistance by the present generation and future generations for the chal- lenges of the future.

3. Traditional architecture of South Sulawesi Present and Future