M RS =P Materi 0 Micro GENERALWELFARE

Pilihan konsumen Contoh U 1 Pc= 2 P f = 1 B = 80 Budget Line A At market basket A the budget line and the indifference curve are tangent and no higher level of satisfaction can be attained. At

A: M RS =P

f P c = .5 Food units per w eek Clothing units per week 40 80 20 20 30 40 PPIM FE Unimal Edgew ort h Box 10F K J 6C 10F 6C Johnny’s Clothing Cindy’s Clothing Cindy’s Food Johnny’s Food 2C 1C 5C 4C 4F 3F 7F 6F +1C -1F The allocation after trade is B: Johnny has 6F and 2C Cindy has 4F and 4C. A B The initial allocation before trade is A: Johnny has 7F and 1C Cindy has 3F and 5C. PPIM FE Unimal Edgew ort h Box A A : U J 1 = U K 1 , but the M RS is not equal. All combinations in the shaded area are preferred to A. Gains from trade Cindy’s Clothing Cindy’s Food U K 1 U K 2 U K 3 Johnny’s Clothing Johnny’s Food U J 1 U J 2 U J 3 B C D 10F K J 6C 10F 6C PPIM FE Unimal Edgewort h Box— Efisiensi dlm Transaksi Perdagangan • Set iap pergerakan diluar daerah abu-abu akan membuat sat u pihak lebih buruk w orse off mendekat i t it ik asal • B merupakan perdagangan yg saling mengunt ungkan— indifference curve yg lebih t inggi ut k set iap pelaku • Perdagangan mungkin saling mengunt ungkan tapi blm t ent u efisien. • M RS adl sama equal ket ika indifference curves bersinggungan t angent dan memberikan alokasi yg efisien. PPIM FE Unimal Keset imbangan Konsumen pd Pasar Persaingan Sempurna • Pasar persaingan mempunyai pemain, penjual dan pembeli, riil dan pot ent ial yg banyak sehingga mereka bebas memilih lawan t ransaksi yg lain jika t dk cocok. • Keseimbangan Konsumen pd Pasar Persaingan Sempurna: – Terdapat sangat banyak konsumen, Johnnys dan Cindys – M ereka semua price takers – Rasio harga antara makanan dan pakaian = 1 PPIM FE Unimal U K 1 U K 2 P Price Line P’ PP’ is the price line and show s possible combinations; slope is -1 U J 1 U J 2 10F K J 6C 10F 6C Johnny’s Clothing Cindy’s Clothing Cindy’s Food Johnny’s Food C A Begin at A: Each Johnny buys 2C and sells 2F Each Johnny w ould move from Uj1 to Uj2, w hich is preferred A to C. Begin at A: Each Cindy buys 2F and sells 2C. Each Cindy w ould move from UK1 to UK2, w hich is preferred A to C. Keset imbangan Konsumen pd Pasar Persaingan Sempurna suat u ilust rasi PPIM FE Unimal U K 1 U K 2 P Price Line P’ U J 1 U J 2 10F K J 6C 10F 6C Johnny’s Clothing Cindy’s Clothing Cindy’s Food Johnny’s Food At the prices chosen: Quantity food demanded Cindy equals quantity food supplied Johnny--competitive equilibrium. At the prices chosen: Quantity clothing demanded Johnny equals quantity clothing supplied Cindy --competitive equilibrium. C A Keset imbangan Konsumen pd Pasar Persaingan Sempurna suat u ilust rasi PPIM FE Unimal Keseimbangan Konsumen pd Pasar Persaingan Sempurna suat u ilust rasi Skenario: – P F dan P C = 3 – Johnny’s M RS pakaian ut k makanan adl 1 2. – Cindy’s M RS pakaian ut k makanan adl 3. – Johnny t dk mau bert ransaksi. – Cindy mau bert ransaksi. – Pasar pd Ket idakset imbangan. • Surplus pakaian • Kekurangan makanan PPIM FE Unimal Keset imbangan dg Efisiensi Ekonomi 10F K J 6C 10F 6C Johnny’s Clothing Cindy’s Clothing Cindy’s Food Johnny’s Food P Price Line U J 1 U K 1 A P’ U J 2 U K 2 C PPIM FE Unimal Cont ract Curve—Efisiensi dlm Perdagangan J Johnny’s Clothing Cindy’s Clothing K Cindy’s Food Johnny’s Food E F G Contract Curve

E, F, G are