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1.6.5 Technique of Data Analysis
1.6.5.1 Structural Approach
According to Jabrohim 2003: 60 “Structural approach is an approach in literary research which focuses on literary autonomy i
n a work of fiction”. It is the basic assumption that literary work as a creative work has full autonomy, which
has to be seen as a figure, which part from the outside of intrinsic element. The writer uses the structural approach to analyze the structural elements
like main character and internal and external conflict experienced by Charlie.
Main character is the main topic of the analysis. The characteristic of the main character has a close relation with the topic that the writer wants to analyze
which is about “ego defence mechanisms”. Settings and conflicts, both internal conflicts and also external conflict, are the elements which also important to
support the analysis of the main topic of the thesis. First, the writer identifying the basic definitions of structural elements
which build the literary work. In this thesis, the structural element which identified are main character and conflict. Then the writer analyzing the character
and characterization that have a correlation with conflict. Last step before the writer start analysis the novel using psychological approach is the writer
analyzing the intrinsic elements such as character, setting, and conflict dealing wit
h Charlie’s action, attitude, and behavior in the novel.
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1.6.5.2 Psychological Approach
Psychological approach is an attempt to study someone’s personality, not only on how they build their personality but also how the personality develops
Hurlock, 1980: 2. In this thesis, psychological approach is used to analyze Charlie’s ego
defence mechanisms . The writer wants to describe the process of Charlie’s ego
defence mechanisms and the reason and also the purpose of why it happens. Because “ego defence mechanisms” has a close relation with psychological
approach, that’s why, by the explanation about ego defence mechanisms, the writer wants to describe the analysis of this topic.
On conducting the research, the writer did some steps as following: 1.
Analyzing the structural elements in the novel. 2.
Finding common psychological tendencies experienced by Charlie. 3.
Connecting Charlie’s psychological condition with settings and conflicts in the novel.
4. Analyzing if Charlie’s psychological condition is a part of human ego
defence mechanisms. 5.
Describing ego defence mechanisms experienced by Charlie. 6.
Composing the research report.
1.7 Thesis Organization
This thesis consists of five chapters as the following: Chapter I is Introduction. This chapter consists of the background of the
study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, scope of the study, significance of the study, methods of the study and thesis organizations.
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