THEME IN DAILY THE JAKARTA POST TEXTS.

(1)

THEME IN DAILY THE JAKARTA POST TEXTS

A Thesis

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

LISA FITRI MEIDIPA Registration Number: 8136112046

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN MEDAN

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

ABSTRACT

Lisa Fitri Meidipa: Theme in Daily The Jakarta Post Texts. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistic Study Program. Postgraduate School. State University of Medan. 2015

This descriptive qualitative research deals with Theme in the Daily Jakarta Post texts. The objectives are to find out the dominant from types of Themes in Daily The Jakarta Post texts, to explore and to describe the Types of Theme in daily The Jakarta Post texts. Themes are the aspects which are involved all clauses and the aspects which are discussed in thematic structure. In English, the theme is indicated by the position in the clause. This study specifically focused to describe the patterns of themes are used in the daily Jakarta Post texts and to find the reason why the structures of themes are used in the daily Jakarta Post texts. The data were taken from the daily Jakarta Post texts that is sports article. It was taken by applying a documentary technique. The document is read and analyzed to specify the theme in the daily Jakarta Post texts. The findings showed that all patterns of themes are occurred in the sports article, but proportion of each is different. Topical theme is dominant than textual and interpersonal theme. It is occurred because topical theme as starting point of sentences and it is an obligatory element of theme itself.

(6)

ABSTRAK

Lisa Fitri Meidipa: Theme in Daily The Jakarta Post Texts. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistic Study Program. Postgraduate School. State University of Medan. 2015

Penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif berkaitan dengan tema di Harian Jakarta Post teks. Tema adalah aspek yang melibatkan seluruh klausa dan aspek yang dibahas dalam struktur tematik. Dalam bahasa Inggris, tema ditunjukkan dengan posisi di klausa. Penelitian ini secara khusus difokuskan untuk menggambarkan pola tema yang digunakan dalam sehari-hari Jakarta Post teks dan untuk menemukan alasan mengapa struktur tema yang digunakan dalam sehari-hari Jakarta Post teks. Data diambil dari harian Jakarta Post teks yang artikel olahraga. Itu diambil dengan menerapkan teknik dokumenter. Dokumen dibaca dan dianalisa untuk menentukan tema di harian Jakarta Post teks. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa semua pola tema yang terjadi dalam artikel olahraga, tetapi proporsi masing-masing berbeda. Tema topikal dominan daripada tekstual dan tema interpersonal. Hal ini terjadi karena tema topikal sebagai titik awal kalimat dan merupakan unsur wajib tema sendiri.

(7)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In writing this thesis, many people have involved. The writer would like, therefore to acknowledge her deep gratitude for all generous guidance, assistance, suggestions, advice and support which have been rendered to her.

First and foremost, she thanks to Allah SWT, for all the blessings poured upon her in all her life long. Secondly, blessing and peace be upon the prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought human beings from the darkness and the brightness.

The writer also wishes to pass her sincere gratitude to:

1. Prof Amrin Saragih. M.A., Ph.D, her first consultant, and Prof. T. Silvana Sinar., Ph.D, her second consultant who have kindly assisted her in correcting, revising and directing the idea of this thesis.

2. Prof Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd, Prof. Dr. Sumarsih, M.Pd and Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S. who has been so kind and generous in encouraging her to finish her thesis. 3. The Head of the English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Prof. Dr. Busmin

Gurning, M.Pd and his secretary, Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S who have generously encouraged her in completing her study.

4. All lectures for the valuable instruction, tuition and knowledge they have imparted to her during the study.

5. Her special thanks to her beloved parents for their support and pray during her study. 6. Her thanks to her brothers and beloved friends, who have encouraged her during her

study.

Medan, September 2015

(8)

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 The Focus of Study ... 3

1.3 The Objectives of the Study... 4

1.4 The Scope of the Study ... 4

1.5 The Significances of the Study ... 4

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Metafunction ... 6

2.2 Textual Function . ... 7

2.3 Theme... ... 8

2.3.1 Types of Theme... 9

2.3.1.1 Topical Theme ... 10

2.3.1.2 Textual Theme ... 14

2.3.1.3 Interpersonal Theme . ... 16

2.3.2 Simple and Multiple Theme ... 17

2.3.3 Characterization of Theme ... 19

2.3.4 Themes and Mood... ... 21

2.3.5 Theme in Clause Complex ... 23

2.3.6 Subject, Actor, Theme ... 25

2.3.7 Theme and Text ... 26

2.3.8 Characterization of Texts. ... 27

2.3.9 Pattern of Theme ... ... 28

2.4 Systems of Theme . ... 29

2.5 Information Structure ... ... 30

2.6 Ellipsis and Substitution... 31

2.7 Generic Structure of a text ... ... 32

2.8 The Jakarta Post ... 33

2.9 Relevant Study ... 34

(9)

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 The Design of the Study... 37

3.2 The Data Source ... 37

3.3 Technique of Data Collection ... 38

3.4 Technique of Data Analysis ... 38

CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Data Analysis ... 39

4.1.1 The Types of Theme in the Jakarta Post... 39

4.1.1.1 Topical Theme ... 40

a. Unmarked Theme... 40

b. Marked Theme... 41

4.1.1.2 Textual Theme ... 42

4.1.1.3 Interpersonal Theme... 43

4.1.2 The reason of the Construction of Theme Structure ... 44

4.2 Findings ... 45

4.3 Discussion ... 46

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 49

5.2 Suggestion ... 50 REFERENCE

(10)

TABLE OF LISTS

Table 2.3.1.1.1 Unmarked Theme ... 11

Table 2.3.1.1.2 Marked Theme ... ... 13

Table 2.3.2.1 Nominal Group as Theme... 18

Table 2.3.2.2 Nominal Group Complex as Theme ... ... 18

Table 2.3.2.3 Adverbial as Theme ... 19

Table 2.3.2.4 Prepositional Phrase as Them... 19

Table 2.3.3 Characteristic of Theme and Rheme ... 20

Table 2.3.4.1 Theme and Mood.. ... 22

Table 2.3.5.1 Theme in Clause Complex . ... 24

Table 2.3.5.2 Theme in Embedded Clause . ... 24

Table 2.3.5.3 Theme in Embedded Clause . ... 25

(11)

LIST OF APPENDIX

Appendix I ……….. 1 Appendix II ……… 6

(12)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of the Study

Language as means of communication is important in our lives. Through communication people learn from one another the things they want to know. Imagine if human beings could not communication with another. If a person cannot communicate, he will not talk other people and no other people will talk to him or teach him anything. So the language is the most perfect means of communication.

Nowadays, English is admitted by all countries in the world as an international language, therefore it is very important to be mastered. The people all over the world can not avoid from using English as an international communication to follow the globalization era.

Communication is an important part of life which is the process exchanging of information and transmission of meanings. Mass communication as one of the types of communication which is technically refers to the process of tranferring or transmitting a message to a large group of people, typically, this requires the use of some form of media such newspaper, magazine, television, radio or the internet.

Newspaper as a medium communication is one of the mass media which has an important role in delivering its ideas to people. The massmedia are that vehicles that carry the message to the mass audience in presenting a report of an action. Newspaper use language of news in delivering and it is different in writing of the other text. Based on the functional grammar, the language used in newspaper will be different with the language used in other texts and different topics such as politic, economic, science, sport text. In newspaper, the writer keeps on using many types of process in order to make meaningful sense of

(13)

TheJakarta Post is as one of the English newspapers that have been published by PT Bina Media Tenggara since 1983. It is good reading material especially for beginners in learning English because one of the languages that have an important role in the world is English. English is a foreign language for Indonesians and it is used in many International activities such as commerce, sport, science, education, and technology. Moreover as in one of the mass media, it should be able to present a report of an action in an easily and understandable language by a mass audience of different educational levels. For example of Jakarta Post Texts in Sport article:

However, Functional grammar views language as a resource for making meaning (Gerot and Wignel, 1994). Whenever we use language, we draw on certain grammatical resources to represent meaning, such as Ideational meaning where language is used to organize, understand an express our perception of the world and of our consciousness, Interpersonal meaning where language is used to enable us to participate in communicative acts with other people, and Textual Function meaning where language is used to relate what is said (written) to real world and to other linguistic events. This involves the use of language to organize the text itself.

Newspaper read by people in their everyday life since it gives information and organize information in term of text in the Newspaper English texts. In order to do this Newspaper has equipment how the news are organized by using Textual Function especially in Theme at the clause rank.

LA LIGA

Barcelona lifted by Ineasta return before derby

R

euters

MADRID

Barcelona have been boosted by the successful return from injury of talismanic playmaker Andres Iniesta as they prepare to host city rivals Espanyol in La Liga on Sunday...

(14)

Clause in a newspaper is organized as a message related to the genre of the text. English varieties have ways in which the basic clause elements of subject, verb, complement or object, and adverbial can be rearrenged by putting different elements at the beginning of the clause. the clause as a message is thus organized into Theme in the text.

Textual Function is an organizing message that has relevant to context in linguistic and social, Halliday (1985) points out the thematic structures which, when mapped into each other, make up a clause, we shall consider first the one which gives the clause its character as a message.

Textual Function consists of Theme and Rheme have played important role in developing and creat meaning language in Newspaper English text. But in my thesis i took only Theme to discussion. In other words, newspaper texts are shaped by arrangement of the Theme and illuminate the structure in Newspaper English text. For example:

Mike Cammalleri Scored two powerplay goals for New Jersey Topical

Theme Rheme

Research about systematic functional linguistic (SFL) and Theme analysis has ever conduct by other researchers, about Textual Function in Themes is written by Ahmad Rifai Hasibuan (2011) in him thesis with title “Themes in Students’ English Textbook: English in Focus” it shows that the structure and the language development in the English texts have changed. The interest of this study is therefore to see the language and thematic development in Newspaper text, and then the text gives meaning, information, message to the reader which is conveyed in the texts.

The research takes the data from classify the Sports Article from daily The Jakarta Post Texts. Because from the newspaper have many Article, in this research the selected article will be analyzed. first, the other research not yet analysis the article and the second the researcher find the differences from the other texts.

(15)

Based on the reason, this research is focused on the analyses whether in Newspaper especially in daily TheJakarta post article serves language development at best due to the systematic especially by considering Theme in the texts. In conclution, the researcher wants to see the process of the analysis ofTheme in Daily The Jakarta Post Texts.

1.2 The Focus of Study

Based on the focus of the sudy “how Theme in DailyThe Jakarta PostTexts”, then the problems are formulated operationally as in the following

1. What various Patterns of Theme used in daily TheJakarta Post Texts? 2. Why the structures of Theme used indaily TheJakarta Post texts?

1.3 The Objectives of the Study

In relation to the problems, the objectives of the study are

1). to descibe what various patterns of Themes are used to analysis indaily The Jakarta Posttexts, and

2). to find the reason why the stuctures of Themes are used indaily The Jakarta Post texts.

1.4 The Scopes of the Study

Analyzing the process of Theme in daily The Jakarta Posttexts. This study are restricted to cover three points. They are; 1) various types of Theme indaily The Jakarta Posttexts, 2) reasons why the types is used while reference to analysis social context in daily The Jakarta Posttexts.

1.5 The Significances of the Study

It is expected that findings of the study are relevant and useful theoretically and practically. Theoretically, the findings of the study are expected to justify the use of systematic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theories, textual function is used to relate what is said or written to real world and to other linguistic events. This

(16)

involves the use of language to organize the text itself. Practically, the study are expected to be useful for to analysis the Theme in daily The Jakarta Posttexts.

Text and context are two point in language that they cannot be separated one each other. Further, text and context involve value in them. The meaning of the language is not only conveyed by the language used but also the structure of information used or organized to convey meaning in text reflected to procedure of the language context.

This study provides the readers to see how in dialy The Jakarta Post texts convey the meaning in case of structure and meaning. In the other words, this analysis will create the answers of the problem of the study in the previous points by using Textual Function especially Theme to convey meaning from newspaper. Therefore, the findings of this study are expected to be relevant is some respects; especially relevant to:

1) the learners who need them as references of Theme

2) the learners who want to have a good analysis in case of in daily The Jakarta Post text

3) the learners who learn English texts

4) the Teacher who want to be soccesful in their job in Textual Function:Theme

5) all researchers who want to use the result of this research become the comparison of their research.

(17)

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

After having the data analysis, conclusions are drwan as the following:

1. Textual function reveals that clause is as a message. Theme and Rheme structure of message. The message is found in a text by structuring division of clauses. Given and new information are found with reference to textual function.

2. Topical Theme was dominantly used in the Jakarta Post Newspaper with Unmarked Theme the percentage is (58,9%) and Marked Theme (3,15%) and Textual theme with percentage (35,7%) which means to intend or to highlight the actor or subjects within the clause in the texts, besides the textual is the second dominant through the whole clauses then followed by Interpersonal theme (2,1%).

3. Theme structure in the analysis message in a text and social context. Theme structure give more complete understanding and it is more practical in presenting message.

(18)

5.2 Suggestion

The relation to the conclusions the suggestions are staged as the following: 1. This study will be relevant used by learners to improve their ability to

understand and produce texts which are effective in conveying meaning. 2. This study will be relevant used by the students or readers in trying to

make a texts by considering the pattern of Themes found in daily The Jakarta Post Texts

3. This study will be the exploration of more detailed analysis of Theme Structures and the Pattern of language development in reading text specifically and discourse generally.

4. To other researchers are suggested to expand the analysis of thematic stuctures and development in texts more detailed. This study will help in strengthening the significances of this analysis to provide a critical tool for analysis of discourse in general.

(19)

REFERENCES

Amrin, 2006. Bahasa dalam Konteks Sosial. Medan: Pasca Sarjana UNIMED Bloor, T. & Bloor, M, 1995. The Functional Analysis of English. London: Edward

Arnold

Bogdan, R.C. & Biklen, S.K. 1982. Qualitative Research in Education: An Introduction to Theory and Method, Boston: Allyn & Bacon

Eggins, S. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. GreatBritain: Biddles, Ltd

Folkerts, J & Dwight L. 2002. Voices of a Nation. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Gerrot, L and Wignell, P. 1994. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Australia:

Gerd Stabler

Halliday, M.A.K; and Ruqayia Hasan. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman

Halliday, M.A.K. 1982. “How a Text Like a Clause?”_{. In Allen, S. (Ed) Text}

processing: Text Analysis and Generation, Text Typology and Atribution. Sockholm: Alqvist & Wiskel International, 209-247

Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold

Halliday, M.A.K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Second Edition. London: Edward Arnold

Halliday, M.A.K and Matthiessen, Christian M.I.M. 1999. Construing Experience through Meaning. London: Continumm

Halliday, M.A.K and Matthiessen, Christian M.I.M. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Third Edition. London: Edward Arnold.

Hasibuan, Ahmad Rifai. 2011. Theme and Rheme on English Reading Text Book: English in Focus. Post Graduate School State University of Medan. Unpublished

Harmer, Jeremy. 2001. How to Teach English, Kuala Lumpur: Longman.

Martin, J.R. 1992. English Text: System and Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins

(20)

Martin, J.R., Matthiessen, & C. Painter. 1995. Developing Functional Grammar: a Workbook for Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar. _Sydney:

Sydney University

Saragih, Amrin. 2005. Introduction Functional Grammar. Medan: Pasca Sarjana UNIMED Saragih

Saragih, Amrin. 2005. Discourse Analysis, (Unpublished Lecture notes). Medan: Pasca Sarjana UNIMED Saragih

Saragih, Amrin. 2005. Factual Writing, (Unpublished Lecture notes). Medan: Pasca Sarjana UNIMED Saragih

Saragih, Amrin 2011. Introducing Systemic Functional Grammar, (Unpublished Lecture Book). Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni UNIMED

(1)

1.2 The Focus of Study

Based on the focus of the sudy “how Theme in DailyThe Jakarta PostTexts”, then the problems are formulated operationally as in the following

1. What various Patterns of Theme used in daily TheJakarta Post Texts? 2. Why the structures of Theme used indaily TheJakarta Post texts?

1.3 The Objectives of the Study

In relation to the problems, the objectives of the study are

1). to descibe what various patterns of Themes are used to analysis indaily The Jakarta Posttexts, and

2). to find the reason why the stuctures of Themes are used indaily The Jakarta Post texts.

1.4 The Scopes of the Study

1.5 The Significances of the Study

(2)

involves the use of language to organize the text itself. Practically, the study are expected to be useful for to analysis the Theme in daily The Jakarta Posttexts.

1) the learners who need them as references of Theme

2) the learners who want to have a good analysis in case of in daily The Jakarta Post text

3) the learners who learn English texts

4) the Teacher who want to be soccesful in their job in Textual Function:Theme

5) all researchers who want to use the result of this research become the comparison of their research.

(3)

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions

After having the data analysis, conclusions are drwan as the following:

3. Theme structure in the analysis message in a text and social context. Theme structure give more complete understanding and it is more practical in presenting message.

(4)

5.2 Suggestion

The relation to the conclusions the suggestions are staged as the following:

1. This study will be relevant used by learners to improve their ability to understand and produce texts which are effective in conveying meaning. 2. This study will be relevant used by the students or readers in trying to

make a texts by considering the pattern of Themes found in daily The Jakarta Post Texts

3. This study will be the exploration of more detailed analysis of Theme Structures and the Pattern of language development in reading text specifically and discourse generally.

(5)

REFERENCES

Amrin, 2006. Bahasa dalam Konteks Sosial. Medan: Pasca Sarjana UNIMED

Bloor, T. & Bloor, M, 1995. The Functional Analysis of English. London: Edward Arnold

Bogdan, R.C. & Biklen, S.K. 1982. Qualitative Research in Education: An Introduction to Theory and Method, Boston: Allyn & Bacon

Eggins, S. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. GreatBritain: Biddles, Ltd

Folkerts, J & Dwight L. 2002. Voices of a Nation. Boston: Allyn and Bacon

Gerrot, L and Wignell, P. 1994. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Australia: Gerd Stabler

Halliday, M.A.K; and Ruqayia Hasan. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman

Halliday, M.A.K. 1982. “How a Text Like a Clause?”_{. In Allen, S. (Ed) Text} processing: Text Analysis and Generation, Text Typology and Atribution. Sockholm: Alqvist & Wiskel International, 209-247

Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold

Halliday, M.A.K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Second Edition. London: Edward Arnold

Halliday, M.A.K and Matthiessen, Christian M.I.M. 1999. Construing Experience through Meaning. London: Continumm

Halliday, M.A.K and Matthiessen, Christian M.I.M. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Third Edition. London: Edward Arnold.

Hasibuan, Ahmad Rifai. 2011. Theme and Rheme on English Reading Text Book: English in Focus. Post Graduate School State University of Medan. Unpublished

Harmer, Jeremy. 2001. How to Teach English, Kuala Lumpur: Longman.

Martin, J.R. 1992. English Text: System and Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins

(6)

Martin, J.R., Matthiessen, & C. Painter. 1995. Developing Functional Grammar: a Workbook for Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar. _Sydney: Sydney University

Saragih, Amrin. 2005. Introduction Functional Grammar. Medan: Pasca Sarjana

UNIMED Saragih

Saragih, Amrin. 2005. Discourse Analysis, (Unpublished Lecture notes). Medan: Pasca Sarjana UNIMED Saragih

Saragih, Amrin. 2005. Factual Writing, (Unpublished Lecture notes). Medan: Pasca Sarjana UNIMED Saragih

Saragih, Amrin 2011. Introducing Systemic Functional Grammar, (Unpublished Lecture Book). Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni UNIMED

THEME IN DAILY THE JAKARTA POST TEXTS.