Morphometric Performances of Thin Tail Sheep with Differences Calpastatin (Cast-1) Genotipees
Morphometric Performances of Thin Tail Sheep with Differences
Calpastatin (Cast-1) Genotipees
B.W. Putra1, *, Nurhidayat2 & C. Sumantri1
1
Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science,
Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
*e-mail: bramada_wp@yahoo.com
2
Departemen of Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
Abstract
Calpastatin (CAST) is an indigenous inhibitor of calpain that involved in
regulation of protein turn over and growth. The objective of this research was to
compare the morfometric performances of thin tail sheep with difference of CAST
genotipees. PCR-RFLP method was carried out to identify genetic variation of
CAST gene. Based on the identification, variation of CAST gene that found were
MM and MN with the single Calpain genotype variation, TT. Nine thin tail sheeps
from Jonggol were used for this research. The sheeps clustered based on the
variation CAST gene, 5 sheeps were MM genotype and 4 sheeps were MN genotype.
Variation of CAST gene gave significantly differences in morfometric performances.
Sheeps with MM genotype have longer body length, heart girth, wither depth, and
rump width than sheep with MN genotype. Sheeps with MM genotype had longer
Ossa vertebrae cervicales Ossa vertebrae thoracicaeOssa vertebrae lumbales, Os
vertebrae sacrales and Os scapulae.
Keywords: calpastatin, thin tail sheep, morfometric performances
Introducton
Thn tal sheep s one of the Indonesan natve sheep that have potental to be
developed. Although the adult anmal’s body weght s relatvely small compared
wth sheep tal fat, but thn tal sheep are well adaptable to the lmted avalablty of
food and hgh temperature and chld sheep mortalty are relatvely low (Subandryo,
2003).
Progress n molecular bology allow lvestock selecton efforts can be done
at the gene level, e by lookng for the dversty of genes that control lvestock
productvty. One marker genes assocated wth weght gan n the local sheep genes
s gene that controllng regulaton of calpan and calpastatn synthess (Sumantr et
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
135
al., 2008). Accordng to Camau et al. (2007), calpan and calpastatn are ncluded n
the calpan system. Calpan system s enzymes that contrbute n meat tenderness by
proteolytc post-slaughter. Calpan system has three members of the proten that s
µ-calpan, m-calpan and calpastatn. Actvty of µ-calpan and m-calpan s affected
by Ca2+ ons. The functons calpan enzyme on lve anmal s to degrade protens n
the myofbrl myofbrllar structure formaton (Scanes, 2003).
Calpastatn s an enzyme to nhbt proten degradaton muscle cells by the
enzyme µ-calpan and m-calpan. Increased calpastatn actvty can ncrease muscle
mass (hypertrophy) accompaned by a decrease n meat tenderness. Calpastatn
assocate wth myostatn regulate muscle growth rate, so the dversty of calpastatn
gene s expected to affect the local sheep growth propertes, and therefore varatons
n calpan system genes n sheep wll not only nfluence the rate of postmortem meat
tenderness but also expected to nfluence muscle growth.
The objectve of ths research was to study the comparatve morphometry
performance of thn tal sheep n the dfferent varatons of calpastatn genotypes.
Materals and Methods
Ths research used thn tal sheep from the Jonggol Anmal Scence Teachng
and Research Unt (JASTRU). Based on the prelmnary research for the detecton
of calpan and calpastatn gene dversty obtaned calpastatn gene varatons,
that should have 3 varatons of the genotypes MM, MN and NN, obtaned only
2 varatons genotpee, MM and MN, and NN gene varaton was not found. M
denotes the normal calpastatn allele, whereas N ndcates that mutaton calpastatn
allele. Samples taken from sheep that had calpastatn genotypes MM and MN wth
the same calpan genotype (TT). Sheep wth MM calpstatn genotype obtaned of
5 samples, whle for sheep wth MN genotype obtaned 4 samples. Sheep selected
were male wth a thn tal sheep ready for slaughter age s n the range of 1 to 1.5
years (I1).
The study was conducted n Aprl to August 2011 at the Outdoor Laboratory
of Small Rumnants, Anmal Producton and Technology Department, Faculty of
Anmal Scence, Bogor Agrcultural Unversty.
Measurements on lve anmals were body weght and morphometrcs
performances. The morphometrcs performances were measured body frame
conformaton. Body frame conformaton Measurement used tuberosty and the
processus that clearly vsble n lve sheep. Ths measurement was carred out to
study the pattern of development and growth of both overall and per body part of
sheep. Parameters observed n measurements of morphometry were:
a. Prmary Morphometrcs
- Body length
- Wther depth
- Body heght
- Wther wdhth
136
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
- Hps leght
- Rump wdth
- Hearth grth
b. Part of Columna vertebralis
- Ossa vertebrae cervicales
- Ossa vertebrae lumbales
- Ossa vertebrae thoracicae
- Os vertebrae sacrales
c. Extrmty Length
- Os scapula
- Os femoris
- Os humerus
- Ossa tibia-fibula
- Ossa radius-ulna
- Ossa metatarsalia
- Ossa metacarpalia
The data obtaned were analyzed usng Student’s t test, two-taled hypothess
to compare dfferences of calpastatn gene varatons between MM and MN.
Mathematcal model accordng to Steel and Torre (1991) was:
explanaton :
t
: T value to be compared wth the t table to determne the acceptance
of the hypothess
: The average dfference n sample a and b
: Dfference n the average of populaton a and b
: Standard error value
Results and Dscusson
Morphometrc measurements used to determne rate of lvestock growth.
Morphometrc performance of sheep wth dfferences of calpastatn genotypes are
presented n Table 1. Body weght, daly body weght gan, heght, chest heght
and wdth of the hps dd not show sgnfcant dfferences. Body length of thn tal
sheep MM genotype sgnfcantly longer than MN genotype. The man components
that affect body length are the jonts of the spne (vertebrae Columna). Columna
vertebre arranged from Ossa vertebrae cervicales, Ossa vertebrae cervicales, Ossa
vertebrae lumbales and Os vertebrae sacrales. Based on the measurement, all part
of Columna vertebralis of MM genotype thn tal sheep sgnfcantly longer than the
MN genotype, so muscle formed on a commercal cuts of neck, rack and lon wll be
longer when compared wth the MN genotype.
Hearth grth and wther depth are parameters that ndcate the dmensons of
rb cage (rb cage). Based on the measurements, MM genotype of thn tal sheep
had sgnfcantly larger hearth grth and longer wther depth than the MN genotype.
It showed that MM genotype of the thn tal sheep had rb cage dmensons larger
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
137
than the MN genotype. MM genotype of Thn tal sheep had a longer Os scapulae
compared wth MN genotype. Os scapula szes would gve a nfluence of shoulder
percentage.
Tabel 1. Morphometrc performance of sheep wth dfferences of calpastatn genotypes
Parameters
Calpastatn Genotypes
MM (n=5)
CV (%)
MN (n=4)
CV (%)
Body weght (kg)
20.56 + 2,27 a
12.77
19.12 + 2.09 a
Body length (cm)
a
54.13 + 2.83
Body heght (cm)
Hps heght (cm)
Prmary Morphometrcs
10.93
5.22
51.28 + 2.22
b
4.32
56.46 + 2.54 a
4.50
55.81 + 1.67 a
2.99
57.69 + 1.95 a
3.38
57.30 + 2.28 a
3.98
4.36
B
3.84
b
4.74
63.17 + 2.76
A
Wther depth (cm)
26.18 + 1.17
a
4.49
25.04 + 1.19
Wther wdth (cm)
14.64 + 0.38 a
2.57
14.59 + 0.47 a
3.22
Ramp wdth (cm)
13.03 + 0.73 A
5.62
11.83 + 0.58 B
4.91
Ossa vertebrae cervicales (cm)
11.59 + 0.64 a
5.48
11.01 + 0.49b
4.47
Ossa vertebrae cervicale (cm)
18.48 + 0.96 a
5.22
17.51 + 0.75 b
4.28
Ossa vertebrae lumbales (cm)
11.32 + 0.59 a
5.20
10.73 + 0.45 b
4.16
Heart grth (cm)
59.86 + 2.30
Part of Columna vertebralis
Os vertebrae sacrales (cm)
7.99 + 0.41
a
5.18
7.58 + 0.34
b
4.46
Part of Extrmty
Os scapula (cm)
21.72 + 0.96 A
4.40
20.64 + 0.84B
4.07
Os humerus (cm)
15.82 + 0.70 a
4.40
15.64 + 0.47 a
2.99
a
2.96
14.98 + 0.67
a
4.45
14.82 + 0.44
Ossa metacarpalia (cm)
10.05 + 0.44
a
4.39
9.93 + 0.30
a
Os femoris (cm)
13.09 + 0.38 a
2.92
12.94 + 0.39 a
2.99
Ossa tibia-fibula (cm)
20.74 + 0.93 a
4.49
20.50 + 0.64 a
3.11
3.37
a
2.97
Ossa radius-ulna(cm)
Ossa metatarsalia (cm)
15.93 + 0.54
a
15.92 + 0.47
3.05
Dfferent superscrpt letters on the same lnes suggested a sgnfcant dfference between treatments
(P
Calpastatin (Cast-1) Genotipees
B.W. Putra1, *, Nurhidayat2 & C. Sumantri1
1
Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science,
Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
*e-mail: bramada_wp@yahoo.com
2
Departemen of Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
Abstract
Calpastatin (CAST) is an indigenous inhibitor of calpain that involved in
regulation of protein turn over and growth. The objective of this research was to
compare the morfometric performances of thin tail sheep with difference of CAST
genotipees. PCR-RFLP method was carried out to identify genetic variation of
CAST gene. Based on the identification, variation of CAST gene that found were
MM and MN with the single Calpain genotype variation, TT. Nine thin tail sheeps
from Jonggol were used for this research. The sheeps clustered based on the
variation CAST gene, 5 sheeps were MM genotype and 4 sheeps were MN genotype.
Variation of CAST gene gave significantly differences in morfometric performances.
Sheeps with MM genotype have longer body length, heart girth, wither depth, and
rump width than sheep with MN genotype. Sheeps with MM genotype had longer
Ossa vertebrae cervicales Ossa vertebrae thoracicaeOssa vertebrae lumbales, Os
vertebrae sacrales and Os scapulae.
Keywords: calpastatin, thin tail sheep, morfometric performances
Introducton
Thn tal sheep s one of the Indonesan natve sheep that have potental to be
developed. Although the adult anmal’s body weght s relatvely small compared
wth sheep tal fat, but thn tal sheep are well adaptable to the lmted avalablty of
food and hgh temperature and chld sheep mortalty are relatvely low (Subandryo,
2003).
Progress n molecular bology allow lvestock selecton efforts can be done
at the gene level, e by lookng for the dversty of genes that control lvestock
productvty. One marker genes assocated wth weght gan n the local sheep genes
s gene that controllng regulaton of calpan and calpastatn synthess (Sumantr et
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
135
al., 2008). Accordng to Camau et al. (2007), calpan and calpastatn are ncluded n
the calpan system. Calpan system s enzymes that contrbute n meat tenderness by
proteolytc post-slaughter. Calpan system has three members of the proten that s
µ-calpan, m-calpan and calpastatn. Actvty of µ-calpan and m-calpan s affected
by Ca2+ ons. The functons calpan enzyme on lve anmal s to degrade protens n
the myofbrl myofbrllar structure formaton (Scanes, 2003).
Calpastatn s an enzyme to nhbt proten degradaton muscle cells by the
enzyme µ-calpan and m-calpan. Increased calpastatn actvty can ncrease muscle
mass (hypertrophy) accompaned by a decrease n meat tenderness. Calpastatn
assocate wth myostatn regulate muscle growth rate, so the dversty of calpastatn
gene s expected to affect the local sheep growth propertes, and therefore varatons
n calpan system genes n sheep wll not only nfluence the rate of postmortem meat
tenderness but also expected to nfluence muscle growth.
The objectve of ths research was to study the comparatve morphometry
performance of thn tal sheep n the dfferent varatons of calpastatn genotypes.
Materals and Methods
Ths research used thn tal sheep from the Jonggol Anmal Scence Teachng
and Research Unt (JASTRU). Based on the prelmnary research for the detecton
of calpan and calpastatn gene dversty obtaned calpastatn gene varatons,
that should have 3 varatons of the genotypes MM, MN and NN, obtaned only
2 varatons genotpee, MM and MN, and NN gene varaton was not found. M
denotes the normal calpastatn allele, whereas N ndcates that mutaton calpastatn
allele. Samples taken from sheep that had calpastatn genotypes MM and MN wth
the same calpan genotype (TT). Sheep wth MM calpstatn genotype obtaned of
5 samples, whle for sheep wth MN genotype obtaned 4 samples. Sheep selected
were male wth a thn tal sheep ready for slaughter age s n the range of 1 to 1.5
years (I1).
The study was conducted n Aprl to August 2011 at the Outdoor Laboratory
of Small Rumnants, Anmal Producton and Technology Department, Faculty of
Anmal Scence, Bogor Agrcultural Unversty.
Measurements on lve anmals were body weght and morphometrcs
performances. The morphometrcs performances were measured body frame
conformaton. Body frame conformaton Measurement used tuberosty and the
processus that clearly vsble n lve sheep. Ths measurement was carred out to
study the pattern of development and growth of both overall and per body part of
sheep. Parameters observed n measurements of morphometry were:
a. Prmary Morphometrcs
- Body length
- Wther depth
- Body heght
- Wther wdhth
136
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
- Hps leght
- Rump wdth
- Hearth grth
b. Part of Columna vertebralis
- Ossa vertebrae cervicales
- Ossa vertebrae lumbales
- Ossa vertebrae thoracicae
- Os vertebrae sacrales
c. Extrmty Length
- Os scapula
- Os femoris
- Os humerus
- Ossa tibia-fibula
- Ossa radius-ulna
- Ossa metatarsalia
- Ossa metacarpalia
The data obtaned were analyzed usng Student’s t test, two-taled hypothess
to compare dfferences of calpastatn gene varatons between MM and MN.
Mathematcal model accordng to Steel and Torre (1991) was:
explanaton :
t
: T value to be compared wth the t table to determne the acceptance
of the hypothess
: The average dfference n sample a and b
: Dfference n the average of populaton a and b
: Standard error value
Results and Dscusson
Morphometrc measurements used to determne rate of lvestock growth.
Morphometrc performance of sheep wth dfferences of calpastatn genotypes are
presented n Table 1. Body weght, daly body weght gan, heght, chest heght
and wdth of the hps dd not show sgnfcant dfferences. Body length of thn tal
sheep MM genotype sgnfcantly longer than MN genotype. The man components
that affect body length are the jonts of the spne (vertebrae Columna). Columna
vertebre arranged from Ossa vertebrae cervicales, Ossa vertebrae cervicales, Ossa
vertebrae lumbales and Os vertebrae sacrales. Based on the measurement, all part
of Columna vertebralis of MM genotype thn tal sheep sgnfcantly longer than the
MN genotype, so muscle formed on a commercal cuts of neck, rack and lon wll be
longer when compared wth the MN genotype.
Hearth grth and wther depth are parameters that ndcate the dmensons of
rb cage (rb cage). Based on the measurements, MM genotype of thn tal sheep
had sgnfcantly larger hearth grth and longer wther depth than the MN genotype.
It showed that MM genotype of the thn tal sheep had rb cage dmensons larger
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
137
than the MN genotype. MM genotype of Thn tal sheep had a longer Os scapulae
compared wth MN genotype. Os scapula szes would gve a nfluence of shoulder
percentage.
Tabel 1. Morphometrc performance of sheep wth dfferences of calpastatn genotypes
Parameters
Calpastatn Genotypes
MM (n=5)
CV (%)
MN (n=4)
CV (%)
Body weght (kg)
20.56 + 2,27 a
12.77
19.12 + 2.09 a
Body length (cm)
a
54.13 + 2.83
Body heght (cm)
Hps heght (cm)
Prmary Morphometrcs
10.93
5.22
51.28 + 2.22
b
4.32
56.46 + 2.54 a
4.50
55.81 + 1.67 a
2.99
57.69 + 1.95 a
3.38
57.30 + 2.28 a
3.98
4.36
B
3.84
b
4.74
63.17 + 2.76
A
Wther depth (cm)
26.18 + 1.17
a
4.49
25.04 + 1.19
Wther wdth (cm)
14.64 + 0.38 a
2.57
14.59 + 0.47 a
3.22
Ramp wdth (cm)
13.03 + 0.73 A
5.62
11.83 + 0.58 B
4.91
Ossa vertebrae cervicales (cm)
11.59 + 0.64 a
5.48
11.01 + 0.49b
4.47
Ossa vertebrae cervicale (cm)
18.48 + 0.96 a
5.22
17.51 + 0.75 b
4.28
Ossa vertebrae lumbales (cm)
11.32 + 0.59 a
5.20
10.73 + 0.45 b
4.16
Heart grth (cm)
59.86 + 2.30
Part of Columna vertebralis
Os vertebrae sacrales (cm)
7.99 + 0.41
a
5.18
7.58 + 0.34
b
4.46
Part of Extrmty
Os scapula (cm)
21.72 + 0.96 A
4.40
20.64 + 0.84B
4.07
Os humerus (cm)
15.82 + 0.70 a
4.40
15.64 + 0.47 a
2.99
a
2.96
14.98 + 0.67
a
4.45
14.82 + 0.44
Ossa metacarpalia (cm)
10.05 + 0.44
a
4.39
9.93 + 0.30
a
Os femoris (cm)
13.09 + 0.38 a
2.92
12.94 + 0.39 a
2.99
Ossa tibia-fibula (cm)
20.74 + 0.93 a
4.49
20.50 + 0.64 a
3.11
3.37
a
2.97
Ossa radius-ulna(cm)
Ossa metatarsalia (cm)
15.93 + 0.54
a
15.92 + 0.47
3.05
Dfferent superscrpt letters on the same lnes suggested a sgnfcant dfference between treatments
(P