Tema 5 apuntes
! !" # $ # % !" # $ # % %
! "
# $ '(! )
%&
'(! + $ (! *
) (! *
%& ,- ,-
- $ .$ .(! ) '(!
&, -% &,
- (!
- %
& / ! ! !
1 )
= − ∆ = = %& ,-
- #
2 " ! )
1 " )
/ 3 4 5
6
7 ) )
- %& ,- ,-
= = = + % η
%& %& %&
#
1 %((8
- &
= ∆ = = + %& %& %& %& %
- = ∆ = =
,- ,- ,- ,- ,
- 9
( , ) ( - - , ) ,-
η = + % = + % = + % %& ( & % ) ( & % )
1 &:, -:% +
! ;
γ − % γ − % − %
γ =
& , γ − % γ − % , , ,-
% & &
- → = → = → = = − → = −
& , − % − % − % γ
γ γ = % , %& - % - -
- %
= − % η
% & !" # $ # !" # ' # # < / 4 # /
! )
9 9 ) / 4 #
< / 4 / / )
/ 4 # < / ) 4 /
/ < 4 /
9 9 / / /
)
4
- = = = + % = − % η
2 1 % %((8! ) !
% ( !" # ' # # ) * $ + , -, = /
) 9 ) ! ) >
4
9 ) / ) ! 9 )
4 < 4 # 6 ) 7 / !
) 9 > !
9 9 ) ? / 4 #
6 7 / ! ) 9 > !
9 9 ) 4 @ /
6
7 @ 0 / ) 9 )
! / ! @ 0
= − = − ε =
- / +
ε = = =
- 1 ! )
9 )
) #
1 4 >
9
2 " # A
)
= − = ε
− +
< /
ε = = − +
& ! / %((8 " +
- 9 ) / %((8!
) 1 !
! " ! 0 ! & % # # @ 0
- 5
) " ) >
" 0 " " )
/ + "
"
9 /
1
9 & & # . ' /0 1 + # # #
/ 5 / )
)
5 !
@ ! "! ! !
! B :+ C 4 2 B D
/ )
- < C4 # ! ! " ! $
/ )
2 ) +
) ; /
9
9 E
- 2 B C
B : C +
4 # B :+ C ! / 3 " /
#
1 # ! ! ! $ % ! $ &
' ! ! ! ! ( @ &
6 7 ) B :+ C4 # B :+ C
"
- A " /
> !
'(! .: (! 1 )
9
9
1 / " /
) '(! ) ! ) . : (! ;
) # 1 ) ) B :+ C
- = F = − F = F −
( ) = F = − = + (
( ) = F F = + F − =
( )
@ B :+ C
> / B :+ C '(! ) ! )
9 "
! ) (! 9 ) '(! ) ) / 9 ) 1 !
%4 * !
4 =
= = + ( !
*+
⇒- 4 + = F
( )
+
= − = − - = F = − F = −
( ) ( ) ( )
-
- F F = = −
- ( @
A
/ )
4
% η = −
A
9 / ) /
2 !
A =
ε − =
ε
4
- #! , , . !
A
4 ;
4 # / @3 / < 2 )
) # < @3
η =
/ *
> → > → > η η / *
- /
=
η / /
= < @3 ! ) <
@3 @3 /
4
/ / = − < (
/ / = − > (
/ * / *
- = = −
G " " < @3
- / /
- > = − < (
⇒
!
/ * / *
- = = −
#
1
= + =
/ / * * = + + →
/ / / / / = − = = − + +
( )
- / / *
= − = − = − > (
! )
" < @3
4
≥ η * / η
" 9 " "
- !
. < ' < ;
!
4 =
A " # / @ ? !
@ ? # "
@ )
1
η ≥ η /
# " ? )
≥ η η /
@ ?
= η η /
5 G " "
A η = − %
> " /
ε = −
ε = −
/ ) 2 # ! #
=
A
4
= = − = − = → + ( − = ( → =
>
, = = &H, %I1
, , ,
9 / ! / "
#
1
2
1 / +
# ; 9 ? +