Determination of Harvesting Time of Three Peanut Varieties Based on Heat Unit Accumulation
ISBN: 978-979-95093-9-0
PROCEEDINGS
ISS 2013
International Seminar on Sciences 2013
"Perspectives on Innovative Sciences"
Bogor 15-17 November 2013
IPB International Convention Center
Published by
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Bogor Agricultural University
Copyright© 2014
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogar Agricultural University
Proceedings of International Seminar on Sciences 2013 "Perspectives on Innovative Sciences"
Bogar 15-17 November 2013.
Published by: FMIPA-IPB, Jalan Meranti Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogar 16680
TelplFax: 0251-862548118625708
http://finipa.ipb.ac.id
ix + 395 pages
ISBN: 978-979-95093-9-0
Ii
Board of Editors
PROCEEDINGS
INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON SCIENCES 2013
Chief Editor:
Endar H. Nugrahanl
Managing Editor:
Indahwati
Nisa Rachmania
Managing Team:
Wisnu Ananta Kusuma
Ali Kusnanto
International Scientific Committee:
Manabu D. Yamanaka (Kobe Unive rsity, Japan)
Kanaya (Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, Japan)
Ken Tanaka (Toyama Universit y, Japan)
Daniel Oosgood (Columbi a University, USA)
Emmanuel Paradis (Institut de Recherche pour Ie Oeveloppement , IRD, France)
Rizaldi Boer (Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia)
Antonius Suwant o (Bogor Agri cultural Un iversity, Indonesia)
National Reviewer:
Kiagus Dahlan
Tan ia June
Sri Sugiarti
Mjftahudin
Anja Meryandini
Imas Sukaesih Sitanggang
Farit Mochamad Afendi
Paian Sianturi
Husin Alatas
Heru Sukoco
Charlena
Suryani
iii
323
D. Biosciences and Bioresources
55
A QuECbERS Based Method for The Determination of Pesticide Hannoko, Rahmana Emmn
Residues in Indonesian Green Coffee Beans Using Liquid
Kartasasmita. and Astika
Tresnawati
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
325
56
Design and Implementation of Roaster Control System Using
Image Processing
Mohamad Agung Prawira
Negara. Satryo Budi Utomo,
Sumardi
333
57
Genetic Variation ofDGAT IIEae. Gene of Holstein Friesian in
National Dairy Cattle Stations
Santiananda A. Asmarasari
339
58
The Potency of Dahlia Tubers as Prebiotic for Functional Food
Aioia Hermioiati, Sri
Pudjiraharti, Budi Setiawan
345
59
DNA identification using Markov Chain as feature extraction and Toto Haryanto. Habib Rijzaani,
Probabilistic Neural Network as classifier
Muhammad Luthfi Fajar
351
60
Multiple Sequence Alignment with Star Method in Graphical
Processing Unit using CUDA
Muhammad Adi Puspo Sujiwo,
Wisnu Ananta Kusuma
359
61
Abalone (Haliotis asinina) Wound Detection System Using
Histogram and Morphology
Noer Fitria Putra Setyono, Aziz
Kustiyo, Dwi Eny Djoko
Setyono
365
62
Local Alignment of DNA Sequence Using Smith-Waterman
Algorithm
Fnriz Ashar Himawan,Wisnu
Ananta Kusuma
371
63
Agronomic performance and yield potential of 18 com varieties in Angsi Nindita, Willy Bayunrdi
Indonesia
Suwarno, Surjono Hadi Sutjobjo,
Perdinan
377
64
Characteristic and Phisychochemicnl Properties of Sweet Potatoes Ai Mahmudatussa'adah
(Ipomoea botatas L)
381
65
Determination of Harvesting Time of Three Peanut Varieties
Based on Heat Uoit Accumulation
Heoi Pumnmawati, Yoga
Setiawan Santoso, Yudiwanti
Wahyu
387
66
Respon of Celery (Apium graveolens) Leaves Yield to Plant
Population and Seed Number Per Planting Hole
Kara, B, Marpaung. A. E.,
391
Tnrigan, R, Barus, S. and
Khnririyatun, N.
Ix
Determination of Harvesting Time of Three Peanut Varieties
Based on Heat Unit Accumulation
Henl Purnamawati/), Yoga Setiawan San/osa1), Yudiwanli Wahyrl)
I) 2) 3) Department Agronomy and Horticulture. Faculty of Agriculture.
Bogor Agriculture University, Indonesia ([email protected])
The aim of this study was to evaluate the development ofpod stage In various harvesting time and to determine
total dally heat unit of three peanut varieties In the best harvesting time. The experiment was conducted at JPB
research stal/on Leuwlkopo-Dramaga. Bogor from February until June 2013. Each varieties were harvested at
85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110 DAP. The results showed that KeUncl reached 50% of the population to flower at
376.85 °Cd with base temperature 13°C, while Gajah and Jerapah reached at 391.80 °Cd The best harvest time
was determined by the highest percentage offull pod stage 2 and pod dry weight/plant. Peanut cv GoJah was
harvested best at 90-100 DAP, cv Jerapah at 90 DAP and cv Kelinci 01 105 DAP. Total dally heat unit
accumulaledat90, 100, 105 and 110 DAPwere 1346.35, /489.50. 1562.25 oed, respectively.
Keywords: flowering lime, filII pod stage I, full pod Ｎｾｴ｡ｧ･＠
L INTRODUCTION
The accurate assessment of harvesting time is
one of the most important decisions to ensure the
highest economic return to the grower.
Underground pod as in peanut (ArachLr hypogaea
L.) make it relatively difficult to determine the best
harvesting time. At harvest peanut pods are in
various stage of development pod R2 until R9 [6].
Early harvested can cause loss yield due to low
weight pod and pod quality. However. harvesting
overly mature crop can cause loss yield due to
deterioration of peg and pod, even some mature pod
can be germinated.
There are several methods to determine pod
maturity, such as days after planting, internal hull
color, Heat Unit System, Effective Langleys Index,
kernel density, seedlhull ratio (SHMI), arginine
maturity index (AMI), physiological maturity index
[5]. Heat unit system or degree days method found
by Mills in year 1964 used a formula based on daily
maximum and minimum temperatures to compute
effective daily hent units. Total daily-heat unit
counted up from planting until pod maturity. This
method is easy to conduct on farm but have to be
used cautiously because environmental factors
other than temperature are not considered. [2]
showed that degree day method that modified by
the addition of seasonal cumulative water received
by the crop can be used to determine peanut
maturity.
Air and soil temperature influences all aspects
of the growth and development of crops [4]. Crop
responses differently toward temperature changing
in every development stage, so other cultivars may
require different number of effective heat units to
reach maximum pod maturity.
388
2
The aim of this study was to evaluate the
development of pod stage in various harvesting
time and to determine total daily heat unit of three
peanut varieties in the best harvesting time.
II. METHODOLOGY
Three peanut varieties Gajah. Jerapah and
Kelinci were planted on February until June 2013
in Leuwikopo IPB Research Station. with tbe
altitude of:l: 210 m above sea level, average daily
rainfall and temperature 327.8 mm and 23.4 °c,
respectively. Soil type was acid lat0501 with pH of
5.10, medium CEC and low organic-C (1.83%).
Crop received 200 kglha combined fertilizer
NPK 15:15:15 and 500 kgIha CaMg(C03)2. Crop
was harvested in 85, 90, 95, 100. 105, 110 and 115
DAP. Data collected included day of 50%
population flowering, weight of dry pod/plant,
percentage per plant of pod stage 1,2 and 3, balf
full pod, immature pod, deteriorated and
germinated pod and daily beat unit using equation
(1).
SPn
tlJlilJa(l)
total daily heat unit (OCd)
maximum
daily
laWI(/)
minimum
C
=
temperature (Ie)
=
daily
temperature (Ie)
=
ambient temperature (OC);
i
=
day after planting
At every harvest, pods were sorted based on
pod development stage as showed in Tabel I.
Proceedings ISS 2013
Table 1 Number of pod stage (%) in differcnt harvest timc
Pod Stage
Harvest Time (DAP)
100
105
85
90
95
o.()() d
0.86c
42.34 a
8.79a
44.1Hla
0.57b
2.56b
d
48.78 a
9,42b
3.IOb
34.29 b
0.S7b
3.84 ab
1.1:\2 c
35.52 b
9.90b
6.30a
39,46 ab
0.56 b
4.45 ab
11 0
115
40,47 ab
5.69d
4.22 e
2.64 be
36.68ab
5.09 a
5.21 ab
45.90a
4.33 d
0.96d
1.28 c
38.18ab
2.73:1
6.6 1 a
(%)
Full-3
Full-2
Full- I
Half full
Imm.1ture
Germinate
Deteriorate
Note : Numlll!r in n I\ll\'
ｴ ｑｬｯ｜Ｇｾ＠
O,()()
hy the "line lellcr :
PROCEEDINGS
ISS 2013
International Seminar on Sciences 2013
"Perspectives on Innovative Sciences"
Bogor 15-17 November 2013
IPB International Convention Center
Published by
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Bogor Agricultural University
Copyright© 2014
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogar Agricultural University
Proceedings of International Seminar on Sciences 2013 "Perspectives on Innovative Sciences"
Bogar 15-17 November 2013.
Published by: FMIPA-IPB, Jalan Meranti Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogar 16680
TelplFax: 0251-862548118625708
http://finipa.ipb.ac.id
ix + 395 pages
ISBN: 978-979-95093-9-0
Ii
Board of Editors
PROCEEDINGS
INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON SCIENCES 2013
Chief Editor:
Endar H. Nugrahanl
Managing Editor:
Indahwati
Nisa Rachmania
Managing Team:
Wisnu Ananta Kusuma
Ali Kusnanto
International Scientific Committee:
Manabu D. Yamanaka (Kobe Unive rsity, Japan)
Kanaya (Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, Japan)
Ken Tanaka (Toyama Universit y, Japan)
Daniel Oosgood (Columbi a University, USA)
Emmanuel Paradis (Institut de Recherche pour Ie Oeveloppement , IRD, France)
Rizaldi Boer (Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia)
Antonius Suwant o (Bogor Agri cultural Un iversity, Indonesia)
National Reviewer:
Kiagus Dahlan
Tan ia June
Sri Sugiarti
Mjftahudin
Anja Meryandini
Imas Sukaesih Sitanggang
Farit Mochamad Afendi
Paian Sianturi
Husin Alatas
Heru Sukoco
Charlena
Suryani
iii
323
D. Biosciences and Bioresources
55
A QuECbERS Based Method for The Determination of Pesticide Hannoko, Rahmana Emmn
Residues in Indonesian Green Coffee Beans Using Liquid
Kartasasmita. and Astika
Tresnawati
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
325
56
Design and Implementation of Roaster Control System Using
Image Processing
Mohamad Agung Prawira
Negara. Satryo Budi Utomo,
Sumardi
333
57
Genetic Variation ofDGAT IIEae. Gene of Holstein Friesian in
National Dairy Cattle Stations
Santiananda A. Asmarasari
339
58
The Potency of Dahlia Tubers as Prebiotic for Functional Food
Aioia Hermioiati, Sri
Pudjiraharti, Budi Setiawan
345
59
DNA identification using Markov Chain as feature extraction and Toto Haryanto. Habib Rijzaani,
Probabilistic Neural Network as classifier
Muhammad Luthfi Fajar
351
60
Multiple Sequence Alignment with Star Method in Graphical
Processing Unit using CUDA
Muhammad Adi Puspo Sujiwo,
Wisnu Ananta Kusuma
359
61
Abalone (Haliotis asinina) Wound Detection System Using
Histogram and Morphology
Noer Fitria Putra Setyono, Aziz
Kustiyo, Dwi Eny Djoko
Setyono
365
62
Local Alignment of DNA Sequence Using Smith-Waterman
Algorithm
Fnriz Ashar Himawan,Wisnu
Ananta Kusuma
371
63
Agronomic performance and yield potential of 18 com varieties in Angsi Nindita, Willy Bayunrdi
Indonesia
Suwarno, Surjono Hadi Sutjobjo,
Perdinan
377
64
Characteristic and Phisychochemicnl Properties of Sweet Potatoes Ai Mahmudatussa'adah
(Ipomoea botatas L)
381
65
Determination of Harvesting Time of Three Peanut Varieties
Based on Heat Uoit Accumulation
Heoi Pumnmawati, Yoga
Setiawan Santoso, Yudiwanti
Wahyu
387
66
Respon of Celery (Apium graveolens) Leaves Yield to Plant
Population and Seed Number Per Planting Hole
Kara, B, Marpaung. A. E.,
391
Tnrigan, R, Barus, S. and
Khnririyatun, N.
Ix
Determination of Harvesting Time of Three Peanut Varieties
Based on Heat Unit Accumulation
Henl Purnamawati/), Yoga Setiawan San/osa1), Yudiwanli Wahyrl)
I) 2) 3) Department Agronomy and Horticulture. Faculty of Agriculture.
Bogor Agriculture University, Indonesia ([email protected])
The aim of this study was to evaluate the development ofpod stage In various harvesting time and to determine
total dally heat unit of three peanut varieties In the best harvesting time. The experiment was conducted at JPB
research stal/on Leuwlkopo-Dramaga. Bogor from February until June 2013. Each varieties were harvested at
85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110 DAP. The results showed that KeUncl reached 50% of the population to flower at
376.85 °Cd with base temperature 13°C, while Gajah and Jerapah reached at 391.80 °Cd The best harvest time
was determined by the highest percentage offull pod stage 2 and pod dry weight/plant. Peanut cv GoJah was
harvested best at 90-100 DAP, cv Jerapah at 90 DAP and cv Kelinci 01 105 DAP. Total dally heat unit
accumulaledat90, 100, 105 and 110 DAPwere 1346.35, /489.50. 1562.25 oed, respectively.
Keywords: flowering lime, filII pod stage I, full pod Ｎｾｴ｡ｧ･＠
L INTRODUCTION
The accurate assessment of harvesting time is
one of the most important decisions to ensure the
highest economic return to the grower.
Underground pod as in peanut (ArachLr hypogaea
L.) make it relatively difficult to determine the best
harvesting time. At harvest peanut pods are in
various stage of development pod R2 until R9 [6].
Early harvested can cause loss yield due to low
weight pod and pod quality. However. harvesting
overly mature crop can cause loss yield due to
deterioration of peg and pod, even some mature pod
can be germinated.
There are several methods to determine pod
maturity, such as days after planting, internal hull
color, Heat Unit System, Effective Langleys Index,
kernel density, seedlhull ratio (SHMI), arginine
maturity index (AMI), physiological maturity index
[5]. Heat unit system or degree days method found
by Mills in year 1964 used a formula based on daily
maximum and minimum temperatures to compute
effective daily hent units. Total daily-heat unit
counted up from planting until pod maturity. This
method is easy to conduct on farm but have to be
used cautiously because environmental factors
other than temperature are not considered. [2]
showed that degree day method that modified by
the addition of seasonal cumulative water received
by the crop can be used to determine peanut
maturity.
Air and soil temperature influences all aspects
of the growth and development of crops [4]. Crop
responses differently toward temperature changing
in every development stage, so other cultivars may
require different number of effective heat units to
reach maximum pod maturity.
388
2
The aim of this study was to evaluate the
development of pod stage in various harvesting
time and to determine total daily heat unit of three
peanut varieties in the best harvesting time.
II. METHODOLOGY
Three peanut varieties Gajah. Jerapah and
Kelinci were planted on February until June 2013
in Leuwikopo IPB Research Station. with tbe
altitude of:l: 210 m above sea level, average daily
rainfall and temperature 327.8 mm and 23.4 °c,
respectively. Soil type was acid lat0501 with pH of
5.10, medium CEC and low organic-C (1.83%).
Crop received 200 kglha combined fertilizer
NPK 15:15:15 and 500 kgIha CaMg(C03)2. Crop
was harvested in 85, 90, 95, 100. 105, 110 and 115
DAP. Data collected included day of 50%
population flowering, weight of dry pod/plant,
percentage per plant of pod stage 1,2 and 3, balf
full pod, immature pod, deteriorated and
germinated pod and daily beat unit using equation
(1).
SPn
tlJlilJa(l)
total daily heat unit (OCd)
maximum
daily
laWI(/)
minimum
C
=
temperature (Ie)
=
daily
temperature (Ie)
=
ambient temperature (OC);
i
=
day after planting
At every harvest, pods were sorted based on
pod development stage as showed in Tabel I.
Proceedings ISS 2013
Table 1 Number of pod stage (%) in differcnt harvest timc
Pod Stage
Harvest Time (DAP)
100
105
85
90
95
o.()() d
0.86c
42.34 a
8.79a
44.1Hla
0.57b
2.56b
d
48.78 a
9,42b
3.IOb
34.29 b
0.S7b
3.84 ab
1.1:\2 c
35.52 b
9.90b
6.30a
39,46 ab
0.56 b
4.45 ab
11 0
115
40,47 ab
5.69d
4.22 e
2.64 be
36.68ab
5.09 a
5.21 ab
45.90a
4.33 d
0.96d
1.28 c
38.18ab
2.73:1
6.6 1 a
(%)
Full-3
Full-2
Full- I
Half full
Imm.1ture
Germinate
Deteriorate
Note : Numlll!r in n I\ll\'
ｴ ｑｬｯ｜Ｇｾ＠
O,()()
hy the "line lellcr :