Analysis The Performance Between Dual Stack And IPv6 Tunneling Mechanism.

ANALYSIS THE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN DUAL STACK AND IPV6
TUNNELING MECHANISM

TAN KEAN SIAK

UNIVERSITY TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESIS
JUDUL:

ANALYSIS PERFORMANCE ON DUAL STACK AND IPv6

MECHANISM
SESI PENGAJIAN:

2009/2010

Saya TAN KEAN SIAK
(HURUF BESAR)
mengaku membenarkan tesis (PSM/Sarjana/Doktor Falsafah) ini disimpan di
Perpustakaan Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi dengan syarat-syarat

kegunaan seperti berikut:

1. Tesis dan projek adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
2. Perpustakaan Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi dibenarkan
membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja.
3. Perpustakaan Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi dibenarkan
membuat salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian
tinggi.
4. ** Sila tandakan (4

1

SULIT

(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah
keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia
seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA
RAHSIA RASMI 1972)

TERHAD

(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang
telah ditentukan oleh organisasihadan di
mana penyelidikan dijalankan)

TIDAK TERHAD

(TANDATANGAN PENULIS)
Alamat tetap: 15.USJ812E 47610
UEP Subann Jaya, Selangor
Tarikh:

2 6 3-g

2~10

,

J

T
(ANDATANGXFGENYELA
I)
Pn Svarulnaziah binti Anawar
Nama Penyelia
Tarikh:

3s

3 4 N E -2ol(?

CATATAN: *Tesis dimaksudkan sebagai Laporan Akhir Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM)
** Jika tesis ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada
pihak berkuasa.

ANALYSIS THE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN DUAL STACK A N D IPV6
TUNNELING MECHANISM

TAN KEAN SIAK

This report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of
Computer Science (Computer Networking)

FACULTY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
2010

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this project report entitled

ANALYSIS PERFORMANCE BETWEEN DUAL STACK AND IPv6
TUNNELING MECaANISM

is written by me and is my own effort and that no part has been plagiarized without
citations.

STUDENT

SUPERVISOR

-

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Date: 2f J"VIVE

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DEDICATION

To my beloved parents and friends, thank you both of your support and consideration.

iv

ACNOLEDGEMENTS

I would like to show my deepest gratitude to all those who assist me to

complete the project. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my

project supevisor, Pn Syarulnaziah for providing the guidelines with valuable advice
and feedback throughout the project.

Pn Syarulnziah is a patient and helpul

lecturer who willing to listen to my problem and at the same time suggested me how
to overcome it. n order to ensure the project run smoothly, Pn Syarulnziah had also
given me ull moral support along the project time. Thank you, Pn Syarulnaziah.

Secondly, I would like to the Faculty of Information and Communication and
Technology for providing hardware equipment to me. Without the equipment, I will
hardly complete my project now. Thank to FTMK so much.

Thirdly, I would like thank to my friend with their helping, moral support,
opinion and sharing ideas throughout the project. Their valuable opinions and
suggestions have helped me to improve my project in advance.

Again, thanks for

their help and support.

Last but not lest, I would like to thank to my family for their understanding,
encouragement and support towards the completion of the project. Thank you, Mum
and Dad.

© Univesii Tenial Malaysia Melaa

ABTRACTS

IPv6 is the next generation of Internet protocol that will replace IPv4
in the nearly future. The exhaustion of IPv4 address will be approached in few years
time and it is possible to migrate from IPv4 network into IPv6 network. Subject to
this matter, there are many studies and researches have been conducted as the
transition from IPv4 to IPv6 require high level of compatibility and clear procedure
for easy and independent deployment of IPv6. However, the transition from IPv4 to
IPv6 will be a long process and required to coexist with during the migration stage.
There are several transition mechanisms which proposed by the IETF Next
Generation Work Group, however, dual stack and IPv6 tunnelling is the most
popular mechanism that is being practiced currently. Although performance aspects
for both of these mechanisms are required for practical deployment, they have yet to

be empirically evaluated. Upon evaluate which is a better mechanism; the
experimental testbed of dual stack and IPv6 tunnelling respectively will be conducted
and analyzed in certain performance metrics throughout the project.

ABSTRAK

IPv6 akan menggantikan IPv4 tidak lama lagi akibat daripada kehausan
alamat IPv4. Dengan ini, terdapat banyak kajian dan penyelidikan telah dilakukan
tentang perali'han dari IPv4 kepada IPv6. Namun demikian, peralihan dari IPv4
kepada IPv6 memerlukan proses yang panjang dan perlu berinteraksi dengan IPv4
selama tahap penghijrahan. Megikuti kajian daripada IETF (Badan Generasi Depan)
dual stack dan tunneling IPv6 adalah mekanisme yang sering dipraktikkan.
Walaupun prestasi aspek untuk kedua mekanisme ini ditunjuk secara praktikal,
kedua-dua mekanisme tersebut

masih belum dievaluasi secara empirik. Untuk

menentukan mana mekanisme yang mumpunyai prestasi yang lebih baik, kedua-dua
mekanisme ini akan dijalankan dalam projek ini dengan menggunakan prestasi
ukuran yang sesuai dalam FTP dan streaming semis.

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER

CaAPTER 1

SUBJECT
DECLARATION

ii

DEDICATION

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

iv

ABSTRACT

v

ABSTRAK

vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

vii

LIST OF TABLES

xi

LIST OF FIGURES

xiii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

xviii

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

xix

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background
1.2 Problem Statement(s)
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Scope

1.5 Project Significance
1.6 Expected Output

1.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER 2

PAGE

LITERATURE REVIEW AND PROJECT
METHODOLOGY

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Literature Review
2.2.1 Domain

viii

2.2.2 Keyword
2.2.3 Previous Research
2.3 Proposed Solution
2.3.1 Project Methodology
2.4 Project Schedule and Milestones
2.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3

ANALYSIS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Problem Analysis
3.2.1 Network Architecture
3.2.2 Logical and Physical Design
3.3 Requirement Analysis
3.3.1 Quality of Data
3.4 Conclusion

CHAPTER 4

DESIGN
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Possible Experimental Setup
4.2.1 Network Addressing
4.2.2 Routing
4.2.3 Performance metric
4.3 Evaluation Scenario
4.4 Conclusion

CHAPTER 5

IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Network Configuration Management
5.2.1 Configuration Environment
Setup
5.2.1.1 FTP server installation
and configuration
5.2.1.2 Video Streaming Server
and Client installation

and configuration
5.2.1.2.1 Client & Server
Installation
5.2.1.2.1 Streaming Server
Configuration
5.2.1.2.2 Streaming Client
Configuration
5.3 Hardware Configuration Management
5.3.1 Hardware Setup
5.3.1.1 Router & PC
Configuration (Dual
Stack)
5.3.1.2 Router & PC
Configuration (IPv6
Tunneling)
5.4 Security
5.4.1 Security policies and plan
5.5 Development Status

5.6 Conclusion
CHAF'TER 6

TESTING
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Test Plan
6.2.1 Test Organization
6.2.2 Test Environment
6.2.3 Test Schedule
6.3 Test Strategy
6.3.1 Classes of tests
6.4 Test Design
6.4.1 Test Description
6.4.2 Test Data
6.5 Test Result and Analysis
6.5.1 FTP RTT Result

6.5.2 FTP Throughput Result
6.5.3 FTP Packet Loss Result
6.5.4 Streaming Throughput

Result
6.5.5 Streaming Packet Loss

Result
6.56 Streaming Jitter Result
6.6 Discussion
6.7 Conclusion

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

7.1 Observation on Weakness and Strengths
7.2 Proposition for improvement
7.3 Contribution
7.4 Conclusion

LIST OF TABLES

PAGE

TABLE

TITLE

2.1

Comparison between LPv6 and IPv4

9

2.2

Summary of Previous Research

21

2.3

Project Schedule

26

3.1

Application Requirement Table

37

3.2

Device Requirement Table

37

3.3

Network Requirement Table

38

5.1

Hardware Specification

66

5.2

Development Status

70

6.1

Test Schedule

75

Network Connectivity Testing
Acceptance Testing
FTP RTT test data
FTP Throughput test data
FTP Packet Loss test data
Streaming Throughput test data
Streaming Packet Loss test data
Streaming Jitter test data
FTP RTT Result
FTP Throughput Result
FTP Packet Loss Result

xii

Streaming Throughput Result
Streaming Packet Loss Result
Streaming Jitter Result

xiii

LIST OF FIGURES

DLAGRAM

TITLE
Dual Stack Approach
Tunneling Approach
Setup of IPv4IIPv6
v4-to-v6 BDMS connection via BDMS translator
v6-to-v4 BDMS connection via BDMS translator
v6-to-v4 DSTM connection via DSTM Gateway
Host-to-host encapsulation
Router-to-router tunneling
Setup of the network
Gantt chart for PSM 1
Gantt chart for PSM 2
IPV4 address space allocation for IANA pool and

RIR pool
Dual Stack architecture
IPv6 Tunneling architecture

PAGE

xiv

Logical Diagram for IPv6 Tunneling
Logical Diagram for Dual Stack
Network diagram at Wireless lab
Physical Design of the network
Logical Diagram for IPv6 Tunneling
Logical Diagram for Dual Stack
Network Assigned for the network
Logical address for IPv6 tunneling
Logical address for Dual Stack
Network design for IPv6 tunneling
Network Design for Dual Stack
Xlight FTP Server Wizard
License Agreement
Select Destination Location
Install the application
Installation Completed
Xlight FTP Server Startup
New Virtual Server Configuration
Select New User List

Add User List
Create Username and Password
Select user home path
Start the FTP server

VLC Setup Wizard
VLC License Agreement
Choose Components to install
Choose Location to install
Installation in progress
Installation completed
Launch VLC media player
Add file to stream
Select file to stream
Prepare to stream the file
Verify source to stream
Verify protocol to stream
Assign destination IP to stream
Streaming Output
Launch VLC media player

xvi

Open Network to stream

65

Assign source IP and protocol to play the streaming

65

Router A configuration (Dual Stack)

67

Router B configuration (Dual Stack)

68

Router A Configuration (IPv6 Tunneling)

69

Router B Configuration (IPv6 Tunneling)

69

Location to carry out the testing

74

Arrangement of the network setup

74

Select file for FTP transfer

82

RTT shown on the WireShark application

83

FTP throughput

83

FTP packet loss

84

Measure streaming throughput using NetMeter

85

Analyze streaming packet loss using WireShark

86

RTP Stream

86

RTP Stream Analysis

87

Export csv file into Microsoft Excel form

87

Average FTP RTT graph

91

Average FTP throughput graph

92

xvi i

Dual Stack Mechanism

96

Encapsulation process

97

Fragmentation during Encapsulation

98

De-capsulation process

98

xvi ii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

IP

Internet Protocol

m4

Internet Protocol version 4

IPv6

Internet Protocol version 6

FTP

File Transfer Protocol

DTE

Data Terminal Equipment

DCE

Data Communication Equipment

PCs

Personal Computers

0s

Operating System

RTT

Round Trip Time

MTU

Maximum Transmission Unit

xix

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

ATTACHMENT

TITLE

PAGE

1.1

Log book

APPENDIX I

1.2

Proposal form

APPENDIX I1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

The exhaustion of the remaining pool of unallocated IPv4 address is
approaching within the next few years. It has been a concern by many network
experts to overcome this problem. According to the survey from IANA (Internet
Assign Number Authority), IPv4 addresses only provided for around 4 billion
addresses only and estimated to reach exhaustion at the year of 2012. As the
consumption of IPv4 addresses seems to be increase every day, it is ideal for users to
migrate into IPv6 environment.
IPv6 is the next generation of Internet Protocol and has overcome IPv4
limitation such as addressing space, integration of application level protocol, quality
of service and security. Migration to IPv6 completely is not a short term period. It
has to coexist with IPv4 during migration stage in order to avoid breaking IPv4
networks and allow all the current services and applications to keep working without
any disruption.

Basically, there are several mechanisms for the translation (AlJa'afreh et al,
2009). They are dual stack and IPv6 tunneling. IPv6 tunneling enables IPv6 host and
routers to connect with other IPv6 host and router over IPv4 packets. The main
purpose to deploy IPv6 is to maintain the compatibility between IPv4 hosts and
router by encapsulating IPv6 datagram into IPv4 packet and de-capsulation back
from Ipv4 packet into IPv6 datagram. On the other hand, Dual stack is a network that
compatible with both IPv4 and IPv6 network. This mechanism allows the operating
system or application to choose which protocol used for each communication.

1.2 Problem Statement(s)

From the past decade, IPv4 is most widely used Internet Protocol. P V 4 has
32 bits and can allocate 4294967296 addresses space. As the consumption of IPv4
gradually increases, it will encounter exhaustion in nearly future. According to RIRs
(Regional Internet Registries) and IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), the
pool of IPv4 address will run out between 2010 and 2012. The figure 3.2.1 illustrated
the address space allocation for IUR pool and IANA pool. Base on the figure, the
exhaustion of unallocated address for RIR pool and IANA pool is predicted on year
201 1 and 2012 respectively. Hence, after year 2012, there is no more unallocated
IPV4 addresses available from the RIR and IANA. As a result, migration into IPv6 is
required to overcome this problem.
IPv6 tunneling and dual stack are the solution to overcome IPv4 exhaustion.
Both of them can be used for migration into IPv6 environment. However, users
might hardly make decision when comes to implement the migration mechanism,
either in IPv6 tunneling or dual stack mechanism. In order to decide which
mechanism is better, both of the mechanisms will be implemented and analyzed the
traffic performance in terms of latency, throughput, packet loss and jitter.

1.3 Objective

The objectives of the project are listed as the following:
To investigate the use of IPv6 tunneling and dual stack mechanism.
To implement and analyze dual stack and IPv6 tunneling mechanisms with
different performance metrics in Window's platform.
To evaluate the performance of dual stack and IPv6 tunneling using FTP and
streaming services.

1.4 Scope

The project is mainly about analyzing the performance traffic between IPv6
tunneling and dual stack in terms of network metrics such as network connectivity,
RTT (Round Trip Time), throughput, packet loss and jitter. The main purpose of
analyzing the performance traffic is to compare which method is better for users to
migrate their IPS into IPv6 environment. The experiment will be conducted at
wireless lab and required to complete within 3 months. During the implementation,
there will be 2 workstations and 2 routers only. 1 PCs serve as clients and 1 PCs
serve as servers. As the project related to IPv6 and IPv4, the router (Cisco 2800 and
above) must be compatible with both of these environments. Lastly, the workstations
must be implemented in Window's platform only.