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contradictory or different objects are made based on a single or some common characteristics.
2.3.4 Metonymy
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another which is closely associated. According to Kennedy 1991: 595, metonymy is
figurative language in which the name of thing is substituted for that another closely associated with it. In a metonymy, the words are used to describe another
thing which is closely linked to that particular thing, but it is not a part of it.
2.3.5 Paradox
Paradox is a statement that appears to contradict itself. It is a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth. In line with
it, Kennedy 1991:595 says that paradox occurs in a statement that at first strikes us self-contradictory but that on reflection makes some sense. It is also used to
illustrate an opinion or statement contrary to accepte traditional ideas.
2.3.6 Paronomasia
Paronomasia is defined as the words played or used are similar in sounds but with different meaning. It is like a word play and is also known as a pun.
2.3.7 Personification
Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes. According to Kennedy 1991: 593, personification is a
figurative language in which a thing, an animal, or an abstract term is made by
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human. The non-human objects are portrayed in such a way that we feel they have
the ability to act like human beings
2.3.8 Simile
It is a stated comparison between two unlike things or objects using some connectors such as like, as and a verb like resemble. Kennedy 1991: 587 states
that metonymy is a comparison of two things, indicated with some connectors usually like, as, than, or word like resemble. We can find simile examples in our
daily speech.
2.3.9 Synecdoche
It is a figurative language which uses a part of something to represent the whole or vice versa. Kennedy 1991:595 defines that synecdoche is the use a part
of thing to stand for the whole and vice versa. Synecdoche may also use larger groups to refer to smaller groups or vice versa. It may also call a thing by the name
of the material it is made of or it may refer to a thing in a container or packing by the name of that container or packing.
2.3.10 Transferred Epithet
According to Kennedy 1991:595, transferred epithet is a device of emphasis in which the poet attributes some characteristics of a thing to another
thing closely associated with it. Transferred Epithet is a figurative language in which adjective is used for describing the quality of something or somebody.
2.3.11 Understatement
It is the opposite of hyperbole. Kennedy 1991:595 says that understatement is implying more than is said. Understatement is a form of humor
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or irony in which something is intentionally represented less strongly or strikingly than facts would warrant.
2.4 Discourse Analysis
