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All in all, based on the explanation above it can be drawn a conclusion that literary work is influenced by society and otherwise, society is enriched by a
literary work. In other words it is concluded that sociological approach focuses on the extrinsic elements of literary works especially dealing with society.
2.3 Modern Society
The word modern is derived from the Latin “modo” which means ways and “ernus” which means recent era. Historically modern society is a society who shift
from the traditional society. The shifted things could be the way they live, the influence of the modern era toward their needed. Afterward, the process of the
shifting is called modernization. According to Pelly and Mananti, modernization in a narrow sense is often regarded as the improvement in technology and its
production process 1994:15. Modernization is an era where sophisticated technology and machines replace the old one, in this case is human power. As
Louis Irving Horowiz Syani, 2002:174 said that modernization is a term that normally used in the field of technology which means that machines will replace
human power in order to send a faster information and better communication and etc. Moreover, Ramon in M. S, Basrowi, 2005:174 stated that modernization is a
shifting process of a society and its culture in all its aspect from the traditional into the modern one.
The characteristics of the modern society according to Alex Inkeles, a sociologist, are first, open minded to the new information. Second, the society is a
punctual society because for the modern society time is priceless. Third, put the
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knowledge and technology first Syani, 2002:175. It could be concluded that the life of the modern society has been set into the sophisticated minded for all the
high technologies and sophisticated machines make life easier. The dump robot which job is to collect the household garbage, sweep the
floor and clean the house when the owner of the house make a simple one call, a GPRS tool which shows the direction, map of a requested place and all
information that are needed so that people will not get lost even in a place that they never know before, a high tech gadget that can help the driver to park the car
in a narrow parking lot, the sophisticated car that is made from such kind of gel so it will protect the user in case he got an accident are some of the example of the
high technology and sohisticated technology that can make life easier. The goal of human life is to maintain their existence by fulfilling their need
and having children as the next generation are some of the ways. The stages of life show the changing process of life, from the traditional to the modern one.
Technology is one of the essential thing and the mark that a condition of a society has changed because from its progress it can be measured how far a society has
improved.
2.4 Technology in Modern Society
