A STUDY ON TEACHERS TEACHING TECHNIQUES IN READING FOR 5TH GRADE STUDENTS IN SD MUHAMMADIYAH 08 DAU MALANG

i

A STUDY ON TEACHERS TEACHING TECHNIQUES

IN READING FOR 5

TH

_{GRADE STUDENTS}

IN SD MUHAMMADIYAH 08 DAU MALANG

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

By

YUDI KRISDIANTO NIM: 08360034

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

2014

i

A STUDY ON TEACHERS TEACHING TECHNIQUES

IN READING FOR 5

TH

_{GRADE STUDENTS}

IN SD MUHAMMADIYAH 08 DAU MALANG

THESIS

By

YUDI KRISDIANTO NIM: 08360034

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

2014

iii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

MOTTO

“

Rasulullah Mengagumi seorang mukmin yang bila ia

memperoleh kebaikan, ia memuji Allah dan

bersyukur. Bila ia ditimpa musibah, ia memuji Allah

dan ia bersabar

”

. ( HR.Ahmad)

”Rasa malas dan

menunda-nunda pekerjaan dapat membuat seseorang

menjadi jauh dari kesuksesan.”

(Yudi Krisdianto)

DEDICATION

I dedicated this thesis to:



My self



My beloved father and mother

(Sidik, S. Sos and Mahnim)



My beloved family



My inspiration Atiek Ernawati



My sister Ari Dwi Astuti and friends Andy, Tata, Andik, Saban, Anhar

Thanks you very much for pray, support, attention, suggestion that you have given to me.

iv

A STUDY ON TEACHERS TEACHING TECHNIQUES IN

READING FOR 5

TH

_{GRADE STUDENTS}

IN SD MUHAMMADIYAH 08 DAU MALANG

ABSTRACT

This research is intended to observe the technique used in teaching reading for the fifth grade students in. The purposes of the study are to identify the techniques used and describe how the techniques are used by the teacher in teaching reading SD Muhammadiyah 08 Dau Malang.

This study used a descriptive qualitative research design. The research subject is the English teacher at SD Muhammadiyah 08 Dau Malang. The instruments used to collect the data were interview and observation. The interview was given to the teacher, which was aimed to know the technique used by the teacher. The observation was done by the researcher in observing the teaching and learning activities. After collecting data, the researcher analyzed the data based on the result of interview and observation, describing the techniques used by the teacher, and then made the conclusion based on the result of data analysis. The data of this study were analyzed by classifying the teaching techniques, classifying how the teaching techniques were used, interpreting and verifying the necessary data and drawing a conclusion.

Based on the research finding, the researcher concludes that the English teacher of the teaching reading at SD Muhammadiyah 08 Dau Malang used three techniques: following instruction, self-directed and selecting textbook. The stage of following interactions are using pictures and game technique, self directed are finding and guessing word techniques, and selecting textbook defied into translation technique. The teacher combines the techniques in order that the students can easily understand the lesson that the teacher teaches. If the students can easily understand the lesson that the teacher teaches, it means that the teacher has made the students perform better in their learning activity.

This study is expected to give the contribution to the teacher who should give more competences in teaching young learner and the more creative way to improve the techniques in teaching reading. This research is only conducted in one of elementary school, thus the result cannot be generalized to the other elementary school. For the further researcher it will be better if this research is continued in the future and to the other elementary, to see the effectiveness of these techniques. Key word: Reading, Teaching Technique

The Writer

v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, the researcher gratefully thanks God “Allah SWT” the almighty for a great endless blessing so that she was able to finish writing this thesis.

She is also greatly indebted to her first advisor, Drs. Adiloka, M.Pd who has patiently helped, taught, managed, and advised in writing this thesis and her second advisor Iswahyuni, M.Pd was spent his time on advising and giving the writer the right way in writing this thesis. Furthermore, the researcher wants to sent her great thankfulness and deep appreciation to her beloved parents “Dad and Mom (Mr. Sidik, S.Sos and Mrs. Mahnim), young sisters (Yulian Sasmita and Almira zasqia) who have supported her financially, morally, and spiritually so that she can finish her thesis.

Special thank is also given to her close friends “Ari Zakaria, Ari Dwi Astuti, Andi, Reni, Udin,Pebri, Kama, Warik, and wahyu. Also thank to my beloved Atiek Ernawati (Ngek) for their attention and a supports toward she always accompanies him in every time and everywhere and always pick him up wherever he goes.

Malang, January 2014

vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ... i

LEGALIZATION ... ii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... iii

ABSTRACT ... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vi

LIST OF PICTURES. ... vii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of study ... 1

1.2Statement of problem ... 5

1.3Purpose of the study ... 5

1.4Significance of the Study ... 5

1.5Scope and Limitation ... 6

1.6Definition of Key Terms ... 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Reading ... 8

2.1.1 Types of Reading ... 10

2.1.2 Reading Techniques ... 10

2.1.3 The Goal of Reading... 12

2.1.4 Techniquesof Reading. ... 13

2.1.5 Stepsof Reading. ... 15

2.2 Teaching Reading ... 16

2.3 Techniques of Teaching Reading ... 18

vii CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1Research Design ... 22

3.2Research Subject ... 22

3.3Instrument ... 23

3.4Data Collection ... 24

3.5Data Analysis. ... 25

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1Research Finding ... 26

4.1.1 Following Instructions... 27

4.1.1.1Using Picture Technique. ... 27

4.1.1.2Game Technique. ... 28

4.1.2 Self Directed ... 30

4.1.2.1Finding Word Technique. ... 31

4.1.2.2Guessing Word Technique. ... 32

4.1.3 Selecting Textbook ... 34

4.1.3.1Translation Technique. ... 34

4.2 The obstacles faced by the teacher in applying learning technique ... 35

4.3 Discussion ... 37

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion. ... 40

5.2 Suggestion ... 41

5.2.2 The Headmaster... 41

5.2.3 For Further Research ... 41 BIBLIOGRAPHY

viii

LIST OF PICTURES

Figure 4.1 An example of Animal Picture. ... 28

Figure 4.2 Cross Words Puzzle Game. ... 29

Figure 4.3 The Connecting Word Game.. ... 30

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ary, Donald. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. New York: Holt,Rinehart, and Winston.

Brumfit, C. Moon, J. 1991. Teaching English to Children. New York: Longman Inc.

Bobby, 2005. Teaching Technique in Speaking Class at Basic English Course (BEC) Pare, Kediri. Unpublished Malang: Muhammadiyah University. Brown, H.D. 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York:

Addison Wesley Longman.

Burns, At All. 1984. The Basic Reading for Young Learner. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Cohen, Louis. 2007. Research methods in education. USA: Lawrence Manion and Keith Morrison.

Harmer, J. 1998 How To Teach English. England: Addison Wesley Longman. Lindsay and Friends. 2004. The Goal of Reading. Chicago: American Library

Association.

Patel, M.F and Praveen M.J. 2008. English Language Teaching (Methods, Tool & Techniques). India: Sunrise Publishers & Distributor.

Patton, M.Q. 2002. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Method. England: Sage Publication.

Scott, A. Wendy. 1990. Teaching English to Children. London New York: Longman.

Tarigan, H.G. 1979. Membaca Sebagai Suatu Keterampilan Berbahasa. Bandung: ANGKASA.

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents topics such as background of study, statements of problem, purpose of study, significance of study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows.

1.1Background of the study

Reading is one of language skills that focuses on how to read. Reading activity helped people to get information, knowledge, and new experience. So, if people aware of the importance of reading, they will improve their reading habit. According to Tarigan (1975) “Reading skill helps the students to acquire knowledge, sharpen evaluation, cover more material, get at heart of the matter, and develop taste and appreciation”

There are two aspects in reading process; they are physical and mental aspects (Soedarso, 2004). The first is physical aspect; it uses eyes to see the material, and uses hands to hold the book or newspaper that will be read. The next is mental aspect that involves people’s mind for example the readers have to concentrate and focus when they read. Those two aspects are very important in reading.

According to Tarigan (1975), there are seven purposes of reading such as reading for detail or fact, reading for main ideas, reading for sequence or organization, reading for inference, reading to classify, reading to evaluate, and reading to compare or contrast. Reading for detail or fact is used to discover or find

2

out what events are on the natural character and to find solutions for the problems experienced. Reading for main idea is used to determine why the topic was interesting, problems that occur in the story, and what are the events experienced by the characters. Reading for sequence or organization is used to determine the stage and completion stage in the story problem. Generally it is, to find out what happens to any part of the story. Reading for inference is used to find out why the figures tell the story to the reader, and tells the advantages and disadvantages that make the characters succeed or fail. Reading to classify is used to determine and classify events deemed reasonable or not reasonable and humor that happens to the character. Reading to evaluate is used to determine and measure the level of success experienced by the hero. Hope for the reader is able to imitate like that done by the hero. Reading to compare or contrast is used to determine how the character changed, and provide real-life story of the imaginary life.

There are some benefits of reading; those are enhancing smarts, reducing stress, enhancing comfort, improving analytical thinking, increasing vocabulary, improving memory, improving writing skills.

More reading habit makes people have wider knowledge. Those who like reading very much will be smarter than those who are not. Reading enhances people to get smart. It also reduces stress as books have kind of interesting content to comprehend especially fiction books. Sometimes, reading habit can give greater comfort also improving analytical thinking so that people could reach higher achievement. Vocabularies, memory, writing skills are also developed because of reading habit.

3

Students who have good reading habit will be smart and have good mindset. The characteristics of the students who have reading habit always have wider knowledge and higher achievement. Students do it because they are aware on the importance of books in their daily lives. From reading habit students have much information that can be useful. For example, when they have assignment they will be able to solve the assignment in simple, because they have information to answer the question. On the other hand, when the student likes reading they, can finish their assignment well. By reading, students can have a lot of idea because they have a lot of experience from the book they read. When they read science book, they will have much idea of science that can be applied in the lesson and they will have the positive result for their education. Those are the benefits of reading habit to the students.

Elementary school students commonly have difficulties in reading. The difficulties experienced by students come from both the students themself and the environment. The difficulty comes from the students themselves as learner. When reading texts the students have low curiosity so students do not have good reading habits. Another difficulty comes from the inappropriate teaching methods used by teacher, the less good quality books and the parents who do not give good example. The example of the difficulties experienced by the students is difficult to understand and interpret a word. The problems should be addressed as students must have high motivation to learn and realize how important the role of teachers and parents in improving student achievement.

Reading can be difficult thing to do when students are passive in the class. Students tend to be quiet, not a lot of interaction between teachers and students.

4

Passive class is caused by the readiness of teachers to manage the classroom, both in terms of the selection of the right material and the presentation of the material that is less attractive for students. In order to make class active, the teachers have to prepare the material and have a good technique to make students are interested to study. The teachers have to prepare interesting material like pictures that related to the topic therefore students will have imagination about the topic, and they will be easy to understand the material. Besides, the teacher have to use a good technique like mind mapping. Mind mapping is a simple technique for drawing information in diagrams, instead of writing it in sentences. This technique will help the students to find the alternative to comprehend the text. Besides, that technique will improve student’s vocabulary because they have to make a note and find the meaning about the difficult words or new vocabulary of the text. That is the benefits of mind mapping techniques that can increase student interest and achievement in the expected learning goals. Teacher, as a good teacher should have a high creativity to select and use appropriate techniques for their students.

To know what the teaching techniques and what the appropriate teaching techniques used in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang, the researcher study about technique used by the teacher in reading for the fifth grade students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang. The researcher choose the fifth grade because it impossible if he choose one until four grade student, as we know that one until four grade is still introducing English by using vocabulary and spelling words. Besides, if researcher chooses six grade, it will disturb them because they will prepare National examination, so they will focus on it.

5

1.2Statements of Problem

1. What are the techniques used by the English teacher in reading at the fifth grade students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang?

2. What teacher’s problem in applies the techniques in learning process? 1.3The purpose of the study

1. To knowthe implementation technique used by English teacher in reading of the fifth grade students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang.

2. To know teacher’s problem in applies the techniques in learning process.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is to knowthe technique used by English teacher in reading of the fifth grade students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang and give information to the university students and researcher. The purpose of this study To knowthe implementation technique used by English teacher in reading of the fifth grade students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang and To know teacher’s problem in applies the techniques in learning process. Meanwhile, there are various techniques that can be used by teachers in teaching reading that more efficient. For the university students, their can use techniques for teaching reading or use another techniques that more appropriate. For the researcher of this study, it can give the information about kind of technique that the researcher can use to teach in elementary school. The expectation on the purpose of the study can be optimal.

6

1.5Scope and Limitation

There are strategies and techniques that can help the teacher achieve the learning goal. This study only focuses on teacher’s teaching technique in reading. The writer only limits the problem to the teacher’s teaching technique in the fifth grade students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang. This thesis only focuses on a teacher who teaches English subject especially in reading skill on the fifth grades students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang.

1.6Definition of Key Terms 1. Reading

Reading is a process which is carried and used by readers to get the message that would be submitted by the author through the medium of words/written language (Tarigan, 1979: 07)

2. Teaching

Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instruction, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge, causing to know or understand (Brown, 2000).

3. Technique

Technique is a wide variety of exercises, activities, or tasks used in the language classroom for realizing lesson objective (Brown, 2001).

7

4. Teaching Technique:

Teaching technique is an implementation – that which actually takes places in a classroom it is particular trick, statement, or contrivance used to accomplish an immediate objective (Anthony, 2007)

out what events are on the natural character and to find solutions for the problems experienced. Reading for main idea is used to determine why the topic was interesting, problems that occur in the story, and what are the events experienced by the characters. Reading for sequence or organization is used to determine the stage and completion stage in the story problem. Generally it is, to find out what happens to any part of the story. Reading for inference is used to find out why the figures tell the story to the reader, and tells the advantages and disadvantages that make the characters succeed or fail. Reading to classify is used to determine and classify events deemed reasonable or not reasonable and humor that happens to the character. Reading to evaluate is used to determine and measure the level of success experienced by the hero. Hope for the reader is able to imitate like that done by the hero. Reading to compare or contrast is used to determine how the character changed, and provide real-life story of the imaginary life.

There are some benefits of reading; those are enhancing smarts, reducing stress, enhancing comfort, improving analytical thinking, increasing vocabulary, improving memory, improving writing skills.

More reading habit makes people have wider knowledge. Those who like reading very much will be smarter than those who are not. Reading enhances people to get smart. It also reduces stress as books have kind of interesting content to comprehend especially fiction books. Sometimes, reading habit can give greater comfort also improving analytical thinking so that people could reach higher achievement. Vocabularies, memory, writing skills are also developed because of reading habit.

Students who have good reading habit will be smart and have good mindset. The characteristics of the students who have reading habit always have wider knowledge and higher achievement. Students do it because they are aware on the importance of books in their daily lives. From reading habit students have much information that can be useful. For example, when they have assignment they will be able to solve the assignment in simple, because they have information to answer the question. On the other hand, when the student likes reading they, can finish their assignment well. By reading, students can have a lot of idea because they have a lot of experience from the book they read. When they read science book, they will have much idea of science that can be applied in the lesson and they will have the positive result for their education. Those are the benefits of reading habit to the students.

Elementary school students commonly have difficulties in reading. The difficulties experienced by students come from both the students themself and the environment. The difficulty comes from the students themselves as learner. When reading texts the students have low curiosity so students do not have good reading habits. Another difficulty comes from the inappropriate teaching methods used by teacher, the less good quality books and the parents who do not give good example. The example of the difficulties experienced by the students is difficult to understand and interpret a word. The problems should be addressed as students must have high motivation to learn and realize how important the role of teachers and parents in improving student achievement.

Reading can be difficult thing to do when students are passive in the class. Students tend to be quiet, not a lot of interaction between teachers and students.

Passive class is caused by the readiness of teachers to manage the classroom, both in terms of the selection of the right material and the presentation of the material that is less attractive for students. In order to make class active, the teachers have to prepare the material and have a good technique to make students are interested to study. The teachers have to prepare interesting material like pictures that related to the topic therefore students will have imagination about the topic, and they will be easy to understand the material. Besides, the teacher have to use a good technique like mind mapping. Mind mapping is a simple technique for drawing information in diagrams, instead of writing it in sentences. This technique will help the students to find the alternative to comprehend the text. Besides, that technique will improve student’s vocabulary because they have to make a note and find the meaning about the difficult words or new vocabulary of the text. That is the benefits of mind mapping techniques that can increase student interest and achievement in the expected learning goals. Teacher, as a good teacher should have a high creativity to select and use appropriate techniques for their students.

To know what the teaching techniques and what the appropriate teaching techniques used in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang, the researcher study about technique used by the teacher in reading for the fifth grade students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang. The researcher choose the fifth grade because it impossible if he choose one until four grade student, as we know that one until four grade is still introducing English by using vocabulary and spelling words. Besides, if researcher chooses six grade, it will disturb them because they will prepare National examination, so they will focus on it.

1.2Statements of Problem

1. What are the techniques used by the English teacher in reading at the fifth grade students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang?

2. What teacher’s problem in applies the techniques in learning process? 1.3The purpose of the study

1. To know the implementation technique used by English teacher in reading of the fifth grade students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang.

2. To know teacher’s problem in applies the techniques in learning process.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is to know the technique used by English teacher in reading of the fifth grade students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang and give information to the university students and researcher. The purpose of this study To know the implementation technique used by English teacher in reading of the fifth grade students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang and To know teacher’s problem in applies the techniques in learning process. Meanwhile, there are various techniques that can be used by teachers in teaching reading that more efficient. For the university students, their can use techniques for teaching reading or use another techniques that more appropriate. For the researcher of this study, it can give the information about kind of technique that the researcher can use to teach in elementary school. The expectation on the purpose of the study can be optimal.

1.5Scope and Limitation

There are strategies and techniques that can help the teacher achieve the learning goal. This study only focuses on teacher’s teaching technique in reading. The writer only limits the problem to the teacher’s teaching technique in the fifth grade students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang. This thesis only focuses on a teacher who teaches English subject especially in reading skill on the fifth grades students in SD 08 Muhammadiyah, Dau, Malang.

1.6Definition of Key Terms 1. Reading

Reading is a process which is carried and used by readers to get the message that would be submitted by the author through the medium of words/written language (Tarigan, 1979: 07)

2. Teaching

Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instruction, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge, causing to know or understand (Brown, 2000).

3. Technique

Technique is a wide variety of exercises, activities, or tasks used in the language classroom for realizing lesson objective (Brown, 2001).

4. Teaching Technique:

Teaching technique is an implementation – that which actually takes places in a classroom it is particular trick, statement, or contrivance used to accomplish an immediate objective (Anthony, 2007)