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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter gives detailed description of the theories used in this research. To prevent the research goes far from its goal; the researcher needs some theories
which can be used as a guide to analyze the data and to support the research. This research tends to use many references as possible to support the research. Those
are Translation, Translation Process, Problem in Translation, Translation Method, Translating Comic, and Synopsis of Asterix: The Legionary. The detail descriptions of
the theories can be seen as follows:
2.1 Translation
Nowadays, English becomes an important language in most of countries in this world. Many people are studying English as their second or foreign language. As
the result, they can use both their mother tongue and English in the same time. In the end of the day, every people can translate their message from their Source
Language SL into Target Language TL and vice versa. Catford 1965: 20 stated that t a slatio is the epla e ent of textual material in one language SL by
equivalence textual material in another language TL. It can be said that translation consists of reproducing in the receptor language to the closest natural equivalence
of the source language message, the first in terms if meaning secondly in terms of st le. The othe state e t said that It is o e la guage the sa e essage a do
statement in another language. Newmark, 1997 : A o di g to those state e ts,
translation could be defined as the process of delivering meaning. It focuses on equivalence words which have the closest meaning with SL.
The translation process is started from analyzing the source text and determining the meaning, then reconstructing the similar meaning using lexicon and
grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptortarget language and its cultural context. The form of the SL is replaced by form of the receptor TL. During
the translation process, translator is the main important subject that must be concerned. It is because the result of translation work is depended on the translator
ability. Larson stated that translation is transferring meaning from the source
language into the target language 1984:3. The transferring process builds an intention to make clearer what the source language means in target language is.
Translation is defined as a creative activity which collects and constructs so many understandings of language transference. A piece of paper which has a long
description of translation in a language does not belong to an understanding in another language. It creates more than just word equivalence in every of its
meaning.
Moreover, the researcher examines that translation in comic using word balloons can be underlined as interpretive translation since the utterance of the words in comic are
intended to be what someone or cartoon character thought or said. To do a translation work especially about comic, a translation must have a main task to be able to read the
visual and verbal messages and to interpret the combination of the different meanings. Translators were not born in several mother-tongue languages, but when they learn about
translation study they have to master automatically or even academically.
Soerjowardhana and Quitlong 2002:2-3 defines that there are two elements in translating, they are:
1. Form: the ordering of word and ideas in the translation should match the
original as closely as possible. Form is a basic item in translating process while meaning is the best
achievement to distribute a work of translation. The easy way to see a form in a language is to learn a language comprehension to give the equivalence meaning in
the end.
2. Meaning: the translation should reflect accurately the meaning of the
original text. Nothing should be arbitrary added or removed, though occasionally part of the meaning can be changed.
Moreover, in Relevance Theory, according to Hatim 2001:39, these two modes of language use are recognized as ways of representing thoughts in the same
language or across languages: 1.
An utterance is said to be descriptive if the words are intended to be taken as an accurate representation of what the speaker holds to be true and desires
to convey as a statement of belief. 2.
An utterance is said to be interpretive if the words are intended to be what someone else thought or said.
Moreover, the researcher examines that translation in comic using word balloons can be underlined as interpretive translation since the utterance of the
words in comic are intended to be what someone or cartoon character thought or said. To do a translation work especially about comic, a translation must have a main
task to be able to read the visual and verbal messages and to interpret the combination of the different meanings. Translators were not born in several mother-
tongue languages, but when they learn about translation study they have to master automatically or even academically.
2.2 Translation Process
