Background of the Study

1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Human being is created in the world with many kinds of unique characters. It happens from experiences and conditions in their life. The differences experience and condition of every person will create the differences of characters. It is also considered by environment which gives alteration and development of personality. The personality grows balance with desirability which motivates the people to reach something. It can grow for being better or bad. When people’s personalities grow kind, it will bring perfection in their life and will create good relationship to other. In other hand, when the personalities do not grow kind, it will cause many problems in life especially damages relationship to the society. Personality is the unique way an individual has learned to deal with challenges and work. It is the general trend of how a person thinks and behaves. It is based on a few in traits, but mostly it is how a person builds on that, making decisions in life to learn a certain way, interact a certain way, solve problems a certain way, etc. every personality is unique. There are not two exactly identical personalities because this is not two people who are like and not two people who grow up under the same conditions, experiences and decisions. Those the personality of every person is difference. It can change and develop to adapt in their life. The 2 people will develop and organize their pattern of behaviors and attitudes that make distinctive. Personality development occurs by the on going interaction of temperament, character, and environment. Growth of habitual patterns of behavior is in childhood and adolescence. An improvement in all spheres of an individual in life, be it with trends, in office or any instrument. The meaning of development of personality-perfection in this study is key point to develop the human self that organizes the behaviors and attitudes which will create a unique person’s character and sometimes it will motivate them to reach their goals. A unique person is supported by psychology which gives difference to any self. The differences of people’s personalities are caused by the differences conditions in their environment and their life. It can change and grow in reaction to their environment or perception. From the condition, it will compel a person to change their personality. It can change to be better or bad. The personality can be see from what the person organizes and integrates. Not only that but also it is from life history, development, and perspective. Therefore, the attitude and behavior are something which determines the human quality in social interest. Here, the researcher only focuses on the novel as one of the ways to do it. Novel is one kind of literary work beside poem, poetry, drama and others. According to The World Book Ensyclopedia, novel is a long fictional story written in prose. It is one of the most popular forms of literature. Novel just not from the immaginative from the author but also from the ekperience life someone Ledger, Sally, 2007. Now, many novel made became a film and also many film which a made became a 3 novel too. May be from the story of it interesting, and will be better, more interest and the story may be more life if make become a film or novel. The subject matter of novels covers the whole range of human experience and imagination. Some novels portray true-to-life characters and events. Researchers of such realistic novels try to represent life as it is. Novelist can arrange incidents, describe place, and represent characters in an almost limitlesss variety of ways. They also may narrate their stories from diffrent points of view. In some novels, for example, one of the characters may tell the story. In others, the events may be described from the view point of a person outside of the story. Novels diffrent from histories, biographies, and other long prose narratives that tell about real events and people. Novelist sometimes bases the story in legend, fairy story and others. It can be seen in A Chrismast Carol By Charles Dickens in 1843. Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, England, on February 7, 1812, to John and Elizabeth Dickens. He was the second of eight children. As a young boy, Charles Dickens was exposed to many artistic and literary works that allowed his imagination to grow and develop considerably. He was greatly influenced by the stories his nursemaid used to tell him and by his many visits to the theater. Within a few years, he was regarded as one of the most successful author of his time, with approximately one out of every ten people in Victorian England avidly reading and following his writings. In 1836 Dickens also married Catherine Hogarth, the daughter of a fellow co-worker at his newspaper. The couple had ten children before their separation in 1858. The inspiration of writing a novel set during the French 4 revolution Caine from Dickens’ faitful annual habit of reading thom as carlyle’s book. On june 9, 1870, Charles Dickens died. He was burried in poet’s corner of westminister Abbay, Nissenbaum, Stephen. 1996. In some years, Dickens was to be a success writer in the period. He had written many literary works. The first novel is Oliver Twist which was published in 1837. The second novel is Nicholas Nickleby which was published in 1838. The both novels reflect the comprehension of Dickens about the lower class. Dickens continued to write A Christmas Carol novel. It is one of popular novel was published in 1843. In the novel, Dickens reflected society who have obsession to get status based on money. Dickens was also published some other popular novels, namely A Tale Two Cities and Great Expectations in his journal weekly. Dickens died and leaved The Mystery of Edwin Drood novel which was not yet finished. A Christmas Carol is one of the famous novel by Charles Dickens. It was published first by Chapman and Hall on 19 December 1843 in England. A Christmas Carol had been adopted to film on 1984 and on 2009 adopted to 3D Computer Animated Douglas-Fairhurst, Robert. 2006. The story talked about Ebenezer Scrooge is as the major character. He is a miserly man, cold-hearted creditor, continues his stingy, greedy ways on Christmas Eve. He rejects a Christmas dinner invitation, and all the good tidings of the holiday, from his jolly nephew, Fred, he yells at charity workers, and he overworks his employee, Bob Cratchit. At night, Scrooges former partner Jacob Marley, dead for seven years, visits him in the form of a ghost. Marleys spirit has been wandering since he died as punishment for being 5 consumed with business and not with people while alive. He has come to warn Scrooge and perhaps save him from the same fate. He tells him Three Spirits will come to him over the next three nights. Scrooge falls asleep and wakes up to find the Ghost of Christmas Past, a small, elderly figure. The Ghost shows Scrooge scenes from the past that trace Scrooges development from a young boy, lonely but with the potential for happiness, to a young man with the first traces of greed that would deny love in his life. Scrooge shows newfound emotion when revisiting these scenes, often crying from identification with his former neglected self. Scrooge goes to sleep and is awakened by the Ghost of Christmas Present, a giant with a life span of one day. He shows Scrooge several current scenes of Christmas joy and charity, then shows him the Cratchit household. The Ghost informs Scrooge that unless the future is changed, the Cratchits crippled and good-hearted young son, Tiny Tim, will die. He also shows Scrooge the party at Freds house. Finally, a ragged boy and girl crawl out from the Ghosts robes. The Ghost calls them Ignorance and Want and warns Scrooge to beware of Ignorance. The silent, black-clad Ghost of Christmas Yet To Come replaces the other ghost. He shows Scrooge several scenes of people discussing someones death; no one seems pained by the death, and most are happy about it. Scrooge does not know, however, who the man is. He learns that Tiny Tim has died, but the Cratchits maintain their unity and love. Scrooge finally discovers that he is the one who has died and whose death has only pleased people. He expresses the hope that these 6 scenes of the future can be changed, and vows to incorporate the lessons of the past, present, and future into his adoption of the Christmas spirit. Scrooge wakes up in his bedroom and learns that the whole adventure took only one night, not three it is Christmas Day. In addition to smiling and being friendly to everyone he sees, he sends a large turkey to the Cratchits, gives a sizable donation to the charity worker he previously insulted, and has a wonderful time at Freds party. The next day he gives Cratchit a raise. Scrooge continues his kindly ways after Christmas, befriending everyone and becoming a second father to Tiny Tim, who does not die. He never sees the ghosts again, but he keeps the spirit of Christmas alive in his heart as well as anyone. There are four reasons why the researcher is interested in studying this novel. The first reason is because this novel has a very important moral message and should be able to inspire the hearts of the readers, one of which is not to be one to idolize money or to think money which is everything because it would be created a misery for himself. The second reason is because this novel is so inspiring. Researcher thinks that this novel will inspire the readers to see how they went through life and make it even more useful. Besides, this novel can also inspire the readers to help each other and love to fellow human beings. The third reason is the researcher interested with Scrooge Ebenezer figure because ultimately he could turn out to be a good person and can live happily in the society. The fourth reason is the plot in the novel is good the story begins with the sucks story and happiness ending. The researcher uses the psychoanalytic theory as an approach to analyze this novel, because the story of the 7 novel about personality development which relates to the struggle of human to change character for being better. Based on the explanation above, the researcher decides to do the research entitled Development of Human Personality-Perfection Reflected in Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol Novel 1843: A Psychoanalytic Approach.

B. Literature Review