11. Main seed is the second main seed of transplantation of coral fragment picked up from the result of enlarging process to be enlarged later.
12. Offspring is an individual coral as transplantation result from the main seed fragment which is prepared to trade from the transplantation
result. 13. Technical Assistance Unit of Natural Resources Conservation UPT
KSDA is an organization which will do the activity technically includes KSDA board, KSDA Sub board under the responsibility of the General
Director of Forestry Protection and Natural Conservation.
II. CORAL BIOECOLOGY
A. Coral Bio ecology
According to Nybakken 1988 the coral colony is a group of millions lime polyps CaCO
3 which has outside skeleton which is called coralit. There are spectums which form partition used as a guide in stating the kinds of coral.
Coral polyp has mouth located on the upper part and function as arse, tentacles used to catch the victims and to clean their body as well. The body of
coral polyp consists of 2 layers, epidermis and endodermis, separated by mesoglea layers. In endodermis layers, lives single cell of algae simbion,
called zooxanthella, through photosynthetic process can give organic substance and then it translocated to the coral net. The food absorbs will be
digested by the special filament mesenteri and the food residual will be exposed through the mouth.
The living coral associated to another biota. In this association the coral has a role as a producer and consumer. It is caused by the coral does the mutual
benefit with the zooxanthellae and result of organic substance, besides coral eats plankton to fulfill their living needs.
The coral propagation process is in vegetative way and done by forming new buds. The bud is differenciated into intratentacular sproat, that is the formation
of new individual inside the old individual and extra tentaculer is the formation of new individual outside the old individual.
B. Classification and Coral Formation
Coral classification which belongs to Avertebrate is as follows.Veron, 1986:
Phylum : Coelenterata Cnidaria
Class : Anthozoa
Ordo : Scleractinia
Madreporaria Family :
1. Acroporidae
Genus : Acropora, astreopora, Anacropora,Montiopora 2.
Agariciidae Genus : Coeloseris, Gardineroseris, Leptoseris, Pachy
series, Pavona 3.
Astrocoeniidae Genus : Stylocoeniella
4. Pocilloporidae
Genus : Pocillopora, Palauastrea, Stylophora, Seriatopora, Madracis.
5. Poritidae : Genus : Alveopora, Goniopora, Porites, stylastrea
6. Siderastreidae.
Genus : Coscinaraea, Psammocora, Pseudosideras trea, Sideratrea
7. Fungiidae
Genus : Ctenatis, Cycloseris, Fungia, Halomitra, Helio Fungia, Herpolitha, Lithophyllon, Podabacea,
Polyphyla, Zoopilus
8. Oculinidae
Genus : Archelia, Galaxea 9.
Pectinidae Genus : Echinophyllia, Mycedium, Oxypora, Pectinia.
10. Mussidae.
Genus : Acanthastrea, Australomussa, Blastomussa, cynaria, Lobophyllia, scolymia, symphyllia.
11. Merulinidae
Genus : Boninastrea, Clavarina, Hydnophora, Merulina, Paraclavarina, Scapophyllia.
12. Faviidae.
Genus : Favites, Favia, Barabattoia, Caulastrea Cyphastrea, Goniastrea, Diploastrea, Leptoria
Leptastrea, Montastrea, Moseleya, Oulastrea Oulophyllia, Platygyra, Plesiastrea.
13.Dendrophyllidae Genus : Dendrophylia, Tubastrea, Turbinaria,
heterosammia
14.Caryophylliidae. Genus : Catalophyllia, Euphyllia, Physogyra, Plerogyra
Neomezophyllia.
15.Trachypylliidae Genus : Trachyphyllia, Welsophyllia.
Based on the coral life form, so the coral variation is divided into 6 types: see table 1, they are:
1. Branching type. 2. Massive type
3. Encrusting type 4. Tabulate type
5. Foliose type. 6. Mushroom type
Table 1 Coral type based on their morphology and the pictures as sample
No. Coral Types
Morphology Sample Picture
1 Branching
Having branch with the size of branch longer
than the thickness or their diameter.
2 Massive
Having hard colony and round formation in
general, the surface is smooth and massive;
they have varied size from the egg size till
the house size.
3 Encrusting
The coral grows in spread ways and
covers the surface of coral, having rough
and hard surface with small pores.
4 Tabulate
The coral grows like a table formation with
wide and flat surface and supported by pole
which is the part of the colony.
5 Foliose
The coral grows as sheets formation on
the based of the net, small size and folded
round formation.
6 Mushroom
The coral consists of one polyp in oval
formation and look like mushroom, having
many septums like a back of hill and it flows
from the side to the center.
C. Coral habitat
