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textbooks with coverage different grade, and major revisions had been done on the content, text, and
pictures. Three experts who work as lectures of The Pre-Service Training for Primary School Teachers
of Sebelas Maret University had been asked to do an internal validation. The two last steps of the
research have not been consecutively done, and this paper will end to elaborate the result of expert
validations. The criteria and interpretation of expert judgement is displayed in Table 1.
Table 1. Interpretation of Validity score of Expert Judgement Sudjana, 2009
Interval score Criteria
Conversion 86 ≤ N 100
Excellent A
72 ≤ N 85 Good
B 58 ≤ N 71
Quite good C
45 ≤ N 57 Poor
D N ≤ N 44
Very poor E
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
3.1. General Findigs
3.1.1. Local History
Karimunjawa is an archipelagic county or sub district in Central Java Province, which has uniqueness
compare to other islands in Indonesia. It was island that since long time ago had been well-known by merchants
and sailors over the world. Due to its importance, Dutch colonial has selected Karimunjawa as one of maritime
port, and also as the place where the United East Indian Company or
Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie VOC have organized company meeting of Java and
Sumatra area. The Dutch existence in the island can also be authenticated by some artifacts found in Karimunjawa
and Parang, such as the Stamboek of Dutch School, which list the name of students of Karimunjawa primary school
in 1912-1914. This old manuscript has been found in the archives of The First Elementary School of Karimunjawa
SDN 1 Karimunjawa, which is located near the office of Sub District Karimunjawa.
Some manuscripts of Chinese indicate that Chinese traders had arrived at Karimunjawa before the
Dutch Colonialism. Some artifacts, such as Chinese cemetery, plates, glasses, and other households’ tools,
were indicated the visiting of Chinese in this island. According to Dutch manuscripts, Karimunjawa was a
place of copra trader in Java, and the traders are mostly Chinese traders from Rembang or Jepara, both are
located in Central Java Province.
The local history of Karimunjawa and Parang was developed based on oral history, myths, and local
stories which sometimes being connected to some mysterious old cemeteries or name of the places. One
name, i.e. Syeikh Amir Hasan, is popularly recognized as the founder of the island. He is assumed as a son of
Sunan Muria, the one saint of popular nine saints, which were acknowledged as the key persons of Islam’s
spreading in Java. He is also named as Sunan Nyamplungan, because he lived in the area where a lot of
Nyamplung tree
Calophyllum inophyllum L. were found.
Story is also developed based on the name of specific areas in the island, such as Legon Bajak bajak
means pirate, and legon means lagoon, which is located in Kemujan Village. This place is known as the port of
famous pirate, name Singolodo, which was defeated by Sunan Nyamplungan. All the weaponry of Singolodo was
sent by Sunan Nyamplungan to the Parang island which was symbolized with the big red rock. Other places such
as Legon Lele lele is catfish and Siput Bolong siput is snail, are named based on the story of food that mother
of Sunan Nyamplungan sent to her son.
It is very interesting that some flora and fauna which are found in the island, are also linked to the story
of Sunan Nyamplungan. There are five famous fauna and flora that local people, especially Javanese, think that
those have relation with Sunan Nyamplungan, i.e. snake called Ular Edor
Calloselasma rhodostoma, catfish
without shaft Clarias gariepinus, Dewadaru tree
Mesua ferrea L., Kalimasada tree Cordia subcordata,
and Setigi tree Pemphis acidula. The trees are well-
known as sacred tree among some Indonesian.
3.1.2. Geography and Biodiversity
Karimunjawa is a Sub District of Jepara, which is situated in the northwest part of Jepara. It is an
archipelagic area, with 107,225 hectares in total,
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comprised of 7,120 hectares as mainland, and 100,105 hectares are waters. The average daily temperature is
around 26ºC to 30ºC, the lowest temperature is 24ºC, and the highest is 34ºC.
It consists of 27 islands, where five islands are inhabited. Its location is surrounded by Java Sea, which
some islands are isolated. To reach the island, two ways can be accessed, i.e. water transportation by boat from
the Port of Jepara or the Tanjung Mas Port of Semarang, the capital city of Central Java Province. It takes about 4-
5 hours by ship from Semarang, and 6 hours by common boat or two hours by express one. However, the departure
of travel is not daily. The second alternative is by small airplane flight to Dewandaru Airport in Kemujan Village.
Karimunjawa Island covering one village, and eight hamlets, i.e. Karimunjawa, Kapuran, Legon Lele,
Jati Kerep, Alang-Alang, Cikmas, Kemloko, and Genting. Whereas, Kemujan Village has six hamlets, i.e.
Kemujan, Merican, Telaga, Batu Lawang, Legon Gedhe, and Legon Tengah. As for Parang Village, and Nyamuk
Village each has one hamlet, i.e. Parang and Nyamuk, respectively. Since 2011, Nyamuk has became a new
village, separated from Parang. The new status of local governance in Nyamuk has brought a good policy for
educational development in the area. Parang and Nyamuk Island is separated about one hour by boat.
According to the Decree of Directorate General of Forestry Protection and Natural Conservation of
Indonesia released on 30 June 2005, the Karimunjawa archipelago is assigned as conservation area, and divided
into seven zones, i.e. core zone, protection zone, tourism zone, residential zone, rehabilitation zone, cultivation
zone, and traditional fisheries zone Table 2.
Tabel 2. Area of Taman Nasional Karimunjawa No
Zone Large ha
Location Functions
1 Core
444,629 Territorial waters of Kumbang Island,
Taka Menyawakan, Taka Malang, and Tanjung Bomang Island
Education, research, field study, inventory, potency
survey, protection and security area
2 Protection
2,587,711 A lowland-tropical rainforest at
Karimunjawa Island, and mangrove area at Kemujan. A water territory of
Geleang, Burung, Tanjung Gelam, Sintok, Cemara Kecil, Katang, Gosong
Selikur dan Gosong Tengah Island Protecting the core zone,
some scientific activities, research, education and
limited utilization
3 Tourism Utilization
1,226,525 Territorial waters of Menjangan Besar,
Menjangan Kecil, Menyawakan, Kembar, Tengah Island, east part of
Kumbang Island, Bengkoang, Indonor, dan Karang Kapal Island.
For tourism
4 Cultivation
788,213 Territorial waters of Karimunjawa,
Kemujan, Menjangan Besar, Parang, and Nyamuk Island
Fisheries and oceanic cultivation, such as
seaweed, square floating fish cages, etc.
5 Rehabilitation
122,514 Eastern part of territorial waters of
Parang Island, east part of Nyamuk Island, west part of Kemujan Island, and
For recovery the ecosystem of coral reef., which is 75
percent destroyed
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west part of Karimunjawa Island 6
Residence 2,571,546
Karimunjawa, Kemujan, Parang, and Nyamuk
Residence for local people which have already existed
before the decree of conservation area of
Karimunjawa
7 Traditional Fisheries
103,883,862 All the territorial waters aside the
determined zone of The Karimunjawa National Park
Utilize as traditional fisheries since long time ago
The aquatic ecosystem dominates the area of Karimunjawa Islands. There are about 242 species of
fish, and 133 aquatic genera which can be found in Karimunjawa waters. According to the data of The
Karimunjawa National Park, in 2009, there were about 124 species of fauna, and 5 genus of flora existed in the
whole area. Some of flora and fauna are endangered and protected by law, such as Macaca fascularis
karemonjawae, Ahaetulla pracina, Manis javanica, Caretta caretta, and Chelonia mydas. The typical flora
that are available in Karimunjawa archipelago are those mentioned in the previous as sacred trees, and other are
Sentul Sandoricum koetjape, Ande-ande Antidesma montanum, Berasan Gomphia serrata, Emphis acidula,
Sentigi Lythraceae, Medang Wangi Cinnamomum javanicum Blum, and Gondorio Bouea macrophylla.
A small scale of rice field is found in low land area of Karimunjawa Village. According to the Village
Monograph, there were 36 hectares of land used as rice field and crops. The common cultivated crops are corn,
cassava, and sweet potato. Meanwhile, no data about vegetable cultivation in the island. Some few numbers of
local people plant vegetable in their paddocks, including mangoes tree, guava, rose water, papaya, banana,
breadfruit, and typical citrus of Karimunjawa. For daily consume, local people buy rice and
vegetables in a large number in the local market of District Jepara or the close Java Island market. When the
west wind comes, and also in the terrible climate period, such as long dry season, sometimes the food supply in
Karimunjawa do not enough, and it commonly going into the worst situation, such as starvation. Some land in
Karimunjawa has high salinity, therefore it is difficult condition to cultivate rice. However, some part of land
are suitable enough to plant vegetables or crops. For this problems, the policy and movement about emergency
food supply have to be disseminated among the people.
3.1.3. Demography, Ethnicity, and Educational .Facts
