Pelaksanaan Ketentuan Hukum Islam Dalam Asuransi TAKAFUL Di Kotamadya Medan...
PELAKSANAAN KETENTUAN HUKUM ISLAM
DALAM ASURANSI TAKAFUL DI
KOTAMADYA MEDAN
(Studi Komparatif dengan Asuransi Umum)
TESIS
Oleh
NURMALAWATY
973105015 / ILMU HUKUM
PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2000
Nurmalawaty : Pelaksanaan Ketentuan Hukum Islam dalam Asuransi Takaful di Kotamadya Medan, 2000
USU Repository © 2007
PELAKS ANAAN KETENT UAN HUKUM ISLAM DAL AM
ASURANSI TAKAFUL DI KOTAMADYA MEDAN
(Studi Komparatif dengan Asuransi Umum)
Nurmalawaty *)
Abdullah Syah **)
Bachtiar Agus Salim ***)
Sanwani Nasution ***)
INTI SARI
Lembaga Asuransi merupakan jenis lembaga baru yang belum ada Ida awal perkembangan
fiqh Islam, sehingga menimbulkan perbedaan Indapat di antara para ahli fiqh, ulama tentang hukum
berasuransi. Ada n d apat y ang men gh a r amk an asuran si, karena dikh awatirkan
9ngandung unsur gharar (ketidakpastian), maisir (judi) dan riba (bunga), ada yang menghalalkan
dan ada yang membolehkan terhadap asuransi tertentu. Asuransi takaful merupakan alternatif
terhadap sistem asuransi umum yang dikenal selama ini. Namun kehadiran asuransi ini turn
mensosiatisasi, karena relatif kecilnya masyarakat, khususnya umat Islam yang mengenal dan
ikut sebagai peserta asuransi.
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan hukum islam, mekanisme
pengetolaan Asuransi Takaful serta perbedaan dan kelebihan/keistimewaan Asuransi Takaful
dengan asuransi umum penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan
yuridis siologis. Responden/sampel dalam penelitian ini ditentukan -secara purposive sampling,
sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tode kuesioner dan wawancara, kemudian
dianalisis secara kualitatif.
H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n m e n u n j u k k a n , a s u r a n s i t a k a f u l d a l a m Iaksanaannya
didasarkan pada prinsip syariah, menjadikan semua serta sating menanggung, sating tolong
menolong yang diperoleh dari dana tabarru. Kerjasama antara peserta dan perusahaan didasarkan
pada prinsip mudharabah (bagi hasil).
Antara Asuransi Takaful dan asuransi umum terdapat beberapa bedaan yaitu:
1. Pada Asuransi Takaful akad perjanjian takafulli, pada asuransi umum akad perjanjian
tabadulli
2. Para Asuransi Takaful, ada dana tabarru pada asuransi umum, tidak ada dana tabarru
*) Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan
**) Fakultas Syariah, Institut Agama Islam Negeri, Medan
***) Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan
i
Nurmalawaty : Pelaksanaan Ketentuan Hukum Islam dalam Asuransi Takaful di Kotamadya Medan, 2000
USU Repository © 2007
3. Pada Asuransi Takaful, perusahaan sebagai pemegang amanah untuk mengelola
dana, pada asuransi umum perusahaan bebas menentukan investasi.
4. Pada Asuransi Takaful, keuntungan dibagi berdasarkan mudharabah (bagi hasil), pada
asuransi umum keuntungan dibagi berdasarkan bonus (sistem bunga)
5. Pada Asuransi Takaful ada Dewan Pengawas Syariah, sedangkan asuransi umum tidak ada
Dewan Pengawas Syariah.
Dapat
dikatakan
Asuransi
Takaful
mempunyai
debihanikeistimewaan y aitu Iebih aman dari segi sy ariah dan empunyai nilai Iebih
dari ekonomis.
Kata kunci: asuransi takaful,
ketentuan hukum Islam,
asuransi umum.
ii
Nurmalawaty : Pelaksanaan Ketentuan Hukum Islam dalam Asuransi Takaful di Kotamadya Medan, 2000
USU Repository © 2007
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ISLAMIC LAW PROVISION ON
TAKAFUL INSURANCE IN MUNICUPALITY OF MEDAN
(Comparative Study with General Insurance)
Nurmalawaty )
Abdullah Syah **)
Bachtiar Agus Salim ***)
Sanwani Nasution ***)
ABSTRACT
The insurance institution is a new institution which is not exist at beginning of Islamic figh
development, therefore difference of Anion arose between the fiqh expert, ulama (scholar
of Islam) on the legal basis of insurance. There is opinion which expressly prohibit insurance
because of the anxiety about the gharar (uncertainty), aisir (gambling) and riba (interest)
character upon it; but there is also opinion which allowed the insurance and opinion
which permitted particular insurance. Takaful Insurance is alternative for general
insurance system which already known so far. However, the existence of at insurance has not yet
been socialized because the relatively small amber of community which recognized and become
the participant of the insurance, particularly the Islamic community.
The research was carried out to know about the implementation of Isamic Law, the
mechanism of Takaful Insurance management, also the d i f f e r e n c e a n d t h e p e c u l i a r i t y o r
t h e s p e c i a l f e a t u r e o f T a k a f u l i n s urance compare to general insurance. This
research has analytical descriptive characteristic with juridical sociological approach.
Respondent sample in this research was determined by purposive sampling, Where as th e
dat a was collect ed b y question aire and in terv ie w, af ter words the data was analyzed
by qualitative mean.
Result of the research shown that the implementation of Takaful insurance is based on
syariah principle, make all the participants are mutually responsible, give mutual
assistance which is obtained from tabarru fund. Cooperation between the participants and the
company based on mudharabah (profit and loss sharing) principle.
There is some difference between the Takaful Insurance and general insurance, that is:
1. There is takafu/li contract in Takaful Insurance whereas in general insurance is tabadulfi
contract.
*) Faculty of Law, North Sumatera University, Medan
**) Faculty of Syariah, Government Islamic Institute, Medan
***) Faculty of Law, North Sumatera University, Medan
iii
Nurmalawaty : Pelaksanaan Ketentuan Hukum Islam dalam Asuransi Takaful di Kotamadya Medan, 2000
USU Repository © 2007
2. There is tabarru fund in Takaful Insurance, whereas there is no such fund in general
insurance.
3. The insurance company act as trustee to manage the fund in Takaful Insurance whereas
in general insurance the company is free to determine the investment.
4. In Takaful Insurance the profit is distributed based on mudharabah (profit and loss
sharing) principle whereas in general insurance the profit is distribated based on bonus
(interest system)
5. There is Syariah Surveillance Board whereas there is no such board in general
insurance.
It could be said that Takaful Insurance has special feature or Irculiarity which
is more safe in term of syariah and also has extra lue in term of economic.
Key words:
Takaful insurance,
Islamic law provision,
General insurance.
iv
Nurmalawaty : Pelaksanaan Ketentuan Hukum Islam dalam Asuransi Takaful di Kotamadya Medan, 2000
USU Repository © 2007
DALAM ASURANSI TAKAFUL DI
KOTAMADYA MEDAN
(Studi Komparatif dengan Asuransi Umum)
TESIS
Oleh
NURMALAWATY
973105015 / ILMU HUKUM
PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2000
Nurmalawaty : Pelaksanaan Ketentuan Hukum Islam dalam Asuransi Takaful di Kotamadya Medan, 2000
USU Repository © 2007
PELAKS ANAAN KETENT UAN HUKUM ISLAM DAL AM
ASURANSI TAKAFUL DI KOTAMADYA MEDAN
(Studi Komparatif dengan Asuransi Umum)
Nurmalawaty *)
Abdullah Syah **)
Bachtiar Agus Salim ***)
Sanwani Nasution ***)
INTI SARI
Lembaga Asuransi merupakan jenis lembaga baru yang belum ada Ida awal perkembangan
fiqh Islam, sehingga menimbulkan perbedaan Indapat di antara para ahli fiqh, ulama tentang hukum
berasuransi. Ada n d apat y ang men gh a r amk an asuran si, karena dikh awatirkan
9ngandung unsur gharar (ketidakpastian), maisir (judi) dan riba (bunga), ada yang menghalalkan
dan ada yang membolehkan terhadap asuransi tertentu. Asuransi takaful merupakan alternatif
terhadap sistem asuransi umum yang dikenal selama ini. Namun kehadiran asuransi ini turn
mensosiatisasi, karena relatif kecilnya masyarakat, khususnya umat Islam yang mengenal dan
ikut sebagai peserta asuransi.
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan hukum islam, mekanisme
pengetolaan Asuransi Takaful serta perbedaan dan kelebihan/keistimewaan Asuransi Takaful
dengan asuransi umum penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan
yuridis siologis. Responden/sampel dalam penelitian ini ditentukan -secara purposive sampling,
sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tode kuesioner dan wawancara, kemudian
dianalisis secara kualitatif.
H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n m e n u n j u k k a n , a s u r a n s i t a k a f u l d a l a m Iaksanaannya
didasarkan pada prinsip syariah, menjadikan semua serta sating menanggung, sating tolong
menolong yang diperoleh dari dana tabarru. Kerjasama antara peserta dan perusahaan didasarkan
pada prinsip mudharabah (bagi hasil).
Antara Asuransi Takaful dan asuransi umum terdapat beberapa bedaan yaitu:
1. Pada Asuransi Takaful akad perjanjian takafulli, pada asuransi umum akad perjanjian
tabadulli
2. Para Asuransi Takaful, ada dana tabarru pada asuransi umum, tidak ada dana tabarru
*) Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan
**) Fakultas Syariah, Institut Agama Islam Negeri, Medan
***) Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan
i
Nurmalawaty : Pelaksanaan Ketentuan Hukum Islam dalam Asuransi Takaful di Kotamadya Medan, 2000
USU Repository © 2007
3. Pada Asuransi Takaful, perusahaan sebagai pemegang amanah untuk mengelola
dana, pada asuransi umum perusahaan bebas menentukan investasi.
4. Pada Asuransi Takaful, keuntungan dibagi berdasarkan mudharabah (bagi hasil), pada
asuransi umum keuntungan dibagi berdasarkan bonus (sistem bunga)
5. Pada Asuransi Takaful ada Dewan Pengawas Syariah, sedangkan asuransi umum tidak ada
Dewan Pengawas Syariah.
Dapat
dikatakan
Asuransi
Takaful
mempunyai
debihanikeistimewaan y aitu Iebih aman dari segi sy ariah dan empunyai nilai Iebih
dari ekonomis.
Kata kunci: asuransi takaful,
ketentuan hukum Islam,
asuransi umum.
ii
Nurmalawaty : Pelaksanaan Ketentuan Hukum Islam dalam Asuransi Takaful di Kotamadya Medan, 2000
USU Repository © 2007
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ISLAMIC LAW PROVISION ON
TAKAFUL INSURANCE IN MUNICUPALITY OF MEDAN
(Comparative Study with General Insurance)
Nurmalawaty )
Abdullah Syah **)
Bachtiar Agus Salim ***)
Sanwani Nasution ***)
ABSTRACT
The insurance institution is a new institution which is not exist at beginning of Islamic figh
development, therefore difference of Anion arose between the fiqh expert, ulama (scholar
of Islam) on the legal basis of insurance. There is opinion which expressly prohibit insurance
because of the anxiety about the gharar (uncertainty), aisir (gambling) and riba (interest)
character upon it; but there is also opinion which allowed the insurance and opinion
which permitted particular insurance. Takaful Insurance is alternative for general
insurance system which already known so far. However, the existence of at insurance has not yet
been socialized because the relatively small amber of community which recognized and become
the participant of the insurance, particularly the Islamic community.
The research was carried out to know about the implementation of Isamic Law, the
mechanism of Takaful Insurance management, also the d i f f e r e n c e a n d t h e p e c u l i a r i t y o r
t h e s p e c i a l f e a t u r e o f T a k a f u l i n s urance compare to general insurance. This
research has analytical descriptive characteristic with juridical sociological approach.
Respondent sample in this research was determined by purposive sampling, Where as th e
dat a was collect ed b y question aire and in terv ie w, af ter words the data was analyzed
by qualitative mean.
Result of the research shown that the implementation of Takaful insurance is based on
syariah principle, make all the participants are mutually responsible, give mutual
assistance which is obtained from tabarru fund. Cooperation between the participants and the
company based on mudharabah (profit and loss sharing) principle.
There is some difference between the Takaful Insurance and general insurance, that is:
1. There is takafu/li contract in Takaful Insurance whereas in general insurance is tabadulfi
contract.
*) Faculty of Law, North Sumatera University, Medan
**) Faculty of Syariah, Government Islamic Institute, Medan
***) Faculty of Law, North Sumatera University, Medan
iii
Nurmalawaty : Pelaksanaan Ketentuan Hukum Islam dalam Asuransi Takaful di Kotamadya Medan, 2000
USU Repository © 2007
2. There is tabarru fund in Takaful Insurance, whereas there is no such fund in general
insurance.
3. The insurance company act as trustee to manage the fund in Takaful Insurance whereas
in general insurance the company is free to determine the investment.
4. In Takaful Insurance the profit is distributed based on mudharabah (profit and loss
sharing) principle whereas in general insurance the profit is distribated based on bonus
(interest system)
5. There is Syariah Surveillance Board whereas there is no such board in general
insurance.
It could be said that Takaful Insurance has special feature or Irculiarity which
is more safe in term of syariah and also has extra lue in term of economic.
Key words:
Takaful insurance,
Islamic law provision,
General insurance.
iv
Nurmalawaty : Pelaksanaan Ketentuan Hukum Islam dalam Asuransi Takaful di Kotamadya Medan, 2000
USU Repository © 2007