CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
Nowadays, communication is such as needed things in life. Everyone can connect with one another via modern communication technology like mobile phone, email and others.
Meanwhile, of the demand human for the communication system is increasing for the year to year, old ancient telecommunication system no longer applicable their needed.
Hence, the new technology telecommunication system is introduced such that fiber optic communication. It has higher data rate transfer compared to convenient
telecommunication system. Besides, it has high bandwidth capabilities and low attenuation characteristics make it ideal for long transmission.
However, the dispersion phenomena is an issue for high bit rate on long haul communication system nowadays. The signal will alternate as the signal propagates in optic
systems. Hence, there have easy solutions of this issue by applying optical solitons.
Optical solitons is a pulse that preserves their shape over long distance. This is due the properties of the solutions which has balanced of the nonlinearity effect or known as self
phase modulation SPM and dispersion effect or known as group velocity dispersion GVD and resulted the signal undistorted and symmetric bell shape curve.
1.2 Problem Statement
This research used to study the optical pulses of optical solitons in the fiber optic for long haul communications. In fact, it is hard to study the optical pulses in experimentally due
to the cost and some of constrains. Optical pulses in fiber optics were intensively studied recently.
Since it has higher data transmission rates over 20 GBs in the single mode fiber compared to conventional transmission technique [2]. It is currently area of the interest of all
scientists or engineers to achieve for higher transfer rates. The model of the optical pulses in optical fibre was already done by some of the mathematician and gives the model with the
equation as below:
��
�
+ � �
2
+ �
��
= 0 [1.1]
The Equation [1.1] is Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation NLS. Where: = the nonlinear coefficient and
= the dispersion coefficient. � = as distance in optical solitons.
� = the point at the waveform and � = temporal solitons time.
� �
2
= the non linearity effect on the waveform or known as self phase modulation SPM. Since, there have more than one way to get waveform for the model neither via
simulation, hardware or mathematical model. Hence, this is useful for study wave propagation optical pulses for optical solitons throughout the optical fibre.
1.3 Objectives
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