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Scanning defined as the ability to locate specific information or facts as rapidly as possible. It is technique used when locating a word in the
dictionary, when seeking a page number in the index or checking to see what television programs are offered at certain time. By scanning the students can
scan determine the reading of the chapter or selection, to find vocabulary words that are identified on italicized, or to see if any experiments are
suggested. c Skimming
Skimming is defined as the ability to identify main ideas while very rapidly and selectively skipping over the reading material. Skimming is even more
helpful in becoming acquainted with new materials. In skimming process the student can read quickly to get general idea of content. In other words, they
shouldn’t read to find out all but only general information, a sense of what the material is about.
d Close Reading Close reading is used to remember and understand major ideas, details and
the relationship between the two. It involves giving careful attention to individual sentences, to main ideas and to relationships between the
individual sentence in a passage and main idea.
3. The Purpose of Reading
As we know that the purpose of reading is to get meaning from the written symbols. One of the most important tasks of the readers is to find out what the writers
said. But for Junior High, reading is used to understand text book, as Harris and Smith stated:
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“Purpose for reading are similar for beginner and the mature reader. The level of thought that is required to achieve the same reading purpose varies with the
difficulty of selection and skill of the reader different authorities suggest a variety of purpose for reading. We believe that most of these can be organized
into five categories: 1 finding main idea, 2 finding supporting detail, 3 grasping the author’s plan organization, 4 following a sequence of event or
thought, and 5 critically appraising the author’s work.
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The above statements give us clear that the purpose of the reading is not only to understand word by word, sentence by sentence or paragraph by paragraph, but also to
understand and find the ideas written by the author.
B. The Nature of Teaching
In education area, there are students and teachers. Students are people who are learning, while teachers are people who are teaching. Both of them have to achieve an
educational purpose. There are many definitions of teaching. Each definition depends on the person who
is expert in certain field. But each definition has similarity that is transfer the knowledge, skill or information from one to another. Knowing the definition will help the teacher to
understand the main purpose of teaching learning process in or outside the class.
According to Oxford Encyclopedic English Dictionary, “Teaching is to show how to do, make understand, give instruction to, or give systematic information to person or about
a subject or skill or enable a person to do something by instruction and training.”
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According to Douglas in his book, Teaching can be defined as showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instruction, guiding in the study of something,
providing with knowledge, causing, to know or understand.”
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opcit, Reading Instruction Through Diagnostic, New York: Holt Riachart, Inc, 1972, p.268
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Joice M. Hawkins and Robert Allens, The Oxford Encyclopedia English Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p.1482
