X2 : The square of X Y2 : The square of Y
Then to know the coefficient correlation of the whole items, the researcher
used “Spearman Brown‟s Prophecy Formula” Hatch and Farhady, 1982:
256. The researcher used the following formula:
Where:
Rk : the reliability of the test rl : the reliability of half test
The criteria of reliability are:
0.90 – 1.00 = high
0.50 – 0.89 = moderate
0.00 – 0.49 = low
3. Level of Difficulty
Level of difficulty of the reading test is used to classify the test items into difficult items and easy ones. The items should not be too difficult or too easy
for the students. In calculating the Level of Difficulty for each item, the researcher used
following formula: rl
rl Rk
1 2
N R
LD
Where:
LD: Level of difficulty R : the number of the students who answer correctly
N : the total number of the students
The criteria are:
0.30 = Difficult
0.30 – 0.70
= Average 0.70
= Easy
Shohamy, 1985: 79
4. Discrimination Power
The discrimination power DP is the proportion of the high group students getting the items correct minus the proportion of the low level students who
getting the items correct. In calculating the discrimination power, the researcher used the following formula:
DP = the proportion of upper SS – the proportion of lower SS
½ total number students Shohamy, 1985;81
The criteria are: 1.
If the value is positive, it has discrimination because a large number or more knowledgeable students than poor students get the item correct. If
the value is zero, it means no discrimination. 2.
If the value is negative, it has negative discrimination because more low- level students than high level students get the item correct.
3. In general, the higher discrimination index, the better, in the classroom
situation most items should be higher than 0.20 index. Shohamy, 1985: 82
3.7 Data Analysis
The data is analyzed in order to see whether the students‟ reading comprehension achievement is increase or not. The researcher was examine
the students‟ scores using the following steps:
1. Scoring the pre-test and post-test.
2. Tabulating the results of the test and calculating the scores of the pretest and
posttest. 3.
Drawing conclusion from the tabulated-result of the pretest and posttest administered, that is by statistically analyzing the data using statistical
computerization i.e. Repeated Measure t-Test of Statistical Package for Social Science SPSS version 15.0 for windows to test whether the increase
of students‟ gain is significant or not, in which the significance is determine by p 0.05. It is uses as the data come from the two samples. Hatch and
Farhady, 1982:111
3.8 Hypothesis Testing
After collecting the data, the researcher recorded and analyzed them in order to find out whether there is significant increase in students‟ ability in reading
comprehension of narrative text or not after the treatment. The researcher used Matched T-Test to know the level of significance of the treatment effect.
The formula is:
̅ ̅
̅
with
̅
= 1
1
2 2
n D
n D
̅ : Mean from pre-test
̅ : Mean from post- test
̅
: Standard error of differences between means n
: Subjects on sample Hatch and Farhady, 1982:114
The criteria are: 1.
If the t-ratio is higher than t-table: H1 is accepted 2.
If the t-ratio is lower than t-table: H0 is accepted
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter is intended to elaborate the conclusion and suggestion. It includes the
explanation of the effectiveness of schema activation in improving students‟
comprehension, the obstacles faced by them and some suggestions for further research.
5.1 Conclusions
Based on the result of the data analysis and discussion, the researcher draws a
major conclusion as follow: There was a significant increase on students‟ reading comprehension achievement
of narrative text after being taught through schema activation strategy. It is proved by the increase of students‟ mean score in posttest 63.5 that was higher than the
mean score in pretest 55.7. The increase from pre-test to post-test is 7.5. Therefore, Schema Activation Strategy is appropriate and effective strategy to be
used in increasing students‟ reading comprehension achievement using narrative text.
5.2 Suggestion
Referring to the conclusion above, some suggestions can be listed as follows:
1. English teachers are recommended to apply schema activation strategy as one
of the ways in teaching reading comprehension of narrative text because it can help the students in comprehending text easier.
2. Teachers should practice the students‟ memory by giving them the opportunity
to bring their prior knowledge in their reading process.
3. The teacher should monitor the students when they use their prior knowledge in
order to encourage students to be more successful in reading.
4. The teacher should group the students with their partners who have different
level of achievement, and diligence to keep the class conducive. 5.
For future researchers who want to use schema activation strategy, it would be better if the next research is conducted in a longer period.
