OGC 07-147r2
xvi
Copyright © 2007, 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Date Release Author Paragraph
modified Description
102907 0.0.15
Tim Wilson, Susan Patch
All Updated structure sections for revised
KML 2.2. schema 102907 0.0.15 Bent
Hagemark, Richard Martell,
Jeremy Parr- Pearson, Tim
Wilson All
Update assertions corresponding to OGC 07-134 KML 2.2 – Abstract Test Suite
102907 0.0.15 Bent Hagemark,
Michael Ashbridge, Josie Wernecke
PhotoOverlay, ImagePyramid
Text on handling and building large image pyramids.
110207 0.0.15 David Burggraf Section
6, PhotoOverlay
Clarifications. 110307
0.0.15 Tim Wilson
Section 6 Extension mechanism and policy text.
110407 0.0.15
Tim Wilson All
General edit. 210108
2.2.0-rc1 Tim Wilson
Metadata Updated OGC document metadata for
Candidate Standard release. 210108 2.2.0-rc1
Tim Wilson
Annex A Deprecated Metadata and Url elements
maintained in OGC KML 2.2 schema for compatibility with Google KML 2.2
schema. Deprecation note added to all deprecated elements as
xsd:annotationxsd:documentation.
230108 2.2.0-rc1
Tim Wilson All
Copy edit; atom-author-link.xsd schemaversion value changed to 1.0.0.
140408 2.2.0
Tim Wilson All
Updated OGC document metadata for Standard release. Minor errors corrected.
v. Changes to the OGC® Abstract Specification
The OGC® Abstract Specification does not require changes to accommodate this OGC® Standard.
OGC 07-147r2
Copyright © 2007, 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
xvii
Foreword
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Recipients of this document are requested to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent claims or other intellectual property rights of which they may be
aware that might be infringed by any implementation of the standard set forth in this document, and to provide supporting documentation.
OGC 07-147r2
xviii
Copyright © 2007, 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Introduction
KML is an XML grammar used to encode and transport representations of geographic data for display in an earth browser. Put simply: KML encodes what to show in an earth
browser, and how to show it. KML uses a tag-based structure with nested elements and attributes and is based on the XML standard.
The KML community is wide and varied. Casual users create KML Placemarks to identify their homes, describe journeys, and plan cross-country hikes and cycling
ventures. Scientists use KML to provide detailed mappings of resources, models, and trends such as volcanic eruptions, weather patterns, earthquake activity, and mineral
deposits. Real estate professionals, architects, and city development agencies use KML to propose construction and visualize plans. Students and teachers use KML to explore
people, places, and events, both historic and current. Organizations such as National Geographic, UNESCO, and the Smithsonian have all used KML to display their rich sets
of global data.
KML documents and their related images if any may be compressed using the ZIP format into KMZ archives. KML documents and KMZ archives may be shared by
e-mail, hosted locally for sharing within a private internet, or hosted on a web server.
OGC® Standard OGC 07-147r2
Copyright © 2007, 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
1
OGC® KML
1 Scope
KML is an XML grammar used to encode and transport representations of geographic data for display in an earth browser, such as a 3D virtual globe, 2D web browser application, or
2D mobile application. A KML instance is processed in much the same way that HTML and XML documents are processed by web browsers. Like HTML, KML has a tag-based
structure with names and attributes used for specific display purposes.
KML can be used to: • Annotate the Earth
• Specify icons and labels to identify locations on the surface of the planet • Create different camera positions to define unique views for KML features
• Define image overlays to attach to the ground or screen • Define styles to specify KML feature appearance
• Write HTML descriptions of KML features, including hyperlinks and embedded images
• Organize KML features into hierarchies • Locate and update retrieved KML documents from local or remote network locations
• Define the location and orientation of textured 3D objects
OGC 07-147r2
2
Copyright © 2007, 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
2 Conformance
2.1 Conformance requirements