CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
This research was an experimental research and the design was quasi- experimental design. The goal of experimental research was to determine whether
a causal relationship exists between two or more variables. Because the experiment involved control and careful observation and measurement, this
research method provided the most convincing evidence of the effect that one variable has on another.
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It means that the research tried to find the effect of one variable to the other by observation and measurement.
In addition, the subject of this research was the eighth grade students of SMPN 9
Bandar Lampung in the academic year of 20152016 which consisted of eight classes. The design used two classes, one class as the experimental class that
received the treatment of inductive approach and another as control class that was taught by using deductive approach. This design used pre-test to find out the
students ’ ability before the treatment and used post-test to find the student’ tenses
ability after doing the treatment.
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Donald Ary, Lucy Cheser Jacobs, Chris Sorener, Asghar Razavieh, Introduction to Research in Education, Ottawa : Wadsworth, 2010. p. 265.
The design was illustrated as follows:
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Table 3.1
Pre- and Posttest Design
Group Pre-test
Independent Variable Post-test
E Y
1
X Y
2
C Y
1
O Y
2
Notes: E : experimental class
C : control class Y1: Pre-test
Y2: Post-test X : Treatment through inductive approach
O : Treatment through deductive approach
B. Variables of the Research
There are two variables investigated in this research. They were independent variable and dependent variable. Independent variable was variable selected by
the researcher to determine the effect on or relationship with the dependent variable.
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Independent variable in this research was inductive approach X. Dependent Variable was observed to determine what effect, if any other types of
34
Ibid. p 316.
35
James Brown, Understanding Research in Second Language Learning, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. p. 10.
variable may have on it.
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Dependent variable in this research wa s students’
present tense mastery Y.
C. Operational Definition of Variables
Kategori