Scope of the Research Definition of Term

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1.7 Scope of the Research

This research is focused on the pattern of technique that is information gap task in pair and small group. The research was designed for second grade of SMA N1 Seputih Raman. The writer wrote the lesson plans for two weeks in four meetings. The topics of the material were kitchen and crossword which were suitable with the curriculum which covers certain themes to asking and giving information and opinion. The test was oral test and students’ conversation during applying information gap task was recorded. She used random sampling by lottery to choose the class by assuming that all the students in science class have the same ability.

1.8 Definition of Term

The researcher provides definitions of terms in the last part of this chapter in order to avoid misundertanding of concept in this research. a. Speaking is the basic skill in language that enable to utter sound of word and people can share and send their ideas or feelings. Bryne 1998: 8 also says that speaking is a two way process between speaker and listener and involves the productive skill of speaking and the receptive skill of understanding. b. Speaking ability as the ability to use in essentially normal communication, grammatical structure, and vocabulary of the foreign language at normal rate delivery for native speakers of the language. Lado, 1961: 239. c. Information gap task is task that students exchange information in order to complete the information. It is where two students or more work together 9 where each has some parts of the answers to some kind of a problem or a question. They have to explain their part of the information to their partner so that they end up with all the information. Precisely, Information gap activities are those in which students exchange information in order to complete a required task. d. Pair group is the pattern interaction which is working and learning on two to solve the task or problem between two people. e. Small group work is the work which consists of 3 until 5 students in one group in order to solve the problem. f. Comparison is the process of comparing information gap task in pair and small group work in order to find out whether there is a significant difference between them or not in students’ speaking ability.

II. FRAME OF THEORIES